You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.201.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 23:54, 31 July 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 44.201.113.141. The blocked range is 44.201.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((More citations needed|date=May 2010))
The '''Fief of [[Vyborg|Viborg]]''' (1320–1534) was for two centuries a late medieval [[fiefdom|fief]] in the southeastern border of [[Finland]] and the entire [[Swedish realm]]. It was held by its [[châtelain|chatelain]], a fief-appointed feudal lord.

For extended periods, the medieval commanders of [[Viborg Castle]] (chatelains, [[castellan]]s), on the border with the [[Republic of Novgorod]], in practice functioned as [[margrave]]s by collecting the crown's incomes from the fief in their own name and being entitled to keep them to defend the realm's eastern border. They enjoyed more independence than the kingdom's other castellans, "[[burgrave]]s". However the fief of the castle and its county was not formally hereditary though almost all appointees were from certain families, related to the [[Bonde]]-[[Bååt]]-[[Haak]] family, which between the 1350s and the 1390s also held the Swedish titular version of the [[earldom of Orkney]].

The organization of that new territory for the Swedish realm took place between the 1290s and 1330s. The conquered [[Kexholm]] was lost, and the [[Neva River]]'s Landskrona ((what?|date=December 2023)) was destroyed catastrophically. There was then much sporadic warring for decades until 1323, but Viborg was held along with the coast westwards. When the conquest became established, a special fief was formed. Gotland had strong trade relations with coastal Karelia. Novgorod succeeded in maintaining its control of the Ladoga coast and the Neva River.

The independence and the privileges of the county were founded by the Joninpoika brothers. Squire Peter Jonsson (later knighted) and his elder brother Sir [[Sune Jonsson, Lord of Flishult]], Royal Councillor, the [[lawspeaker]] of [[Tiohärad]] (in inland Småland), together with their close relative Charles, [[Bishop of Linköping]], were allies of the new king, [[Magnus IV of Sweden]], in 1320 or 1321 and purchased ''dominus Efflerus'', the bailiff of the deposed king, [[Birger, King of Sweden|Birger of Sweden]], from Viborg Castle. They committed to keep the castle and its revenues for Charles until the purchase price had been compensated.

Their escutcheon depicted a boat, as was also depicted in arms of the so-called Bonde family and Snakenborg family and Bååt family and Puke family, and they were from a family that was originally from [[Småland]], some of which then used the nickname Haak.

Lord Peter was set up as the fief-holder, and the whole clan participated in consolidating the fief. They also brought numbers of their Smålandic peasants to start farms in the county. There are toponymic indications of an influx of Southern-Swedish immigrants having settled in vicinities the of Viborg and on the coast west up to the [[Kymi River]].

Peter and Sune recognized the new king and received important privileges, which effectively turned their holding of Viborg into an independent feudal fief, the start of a veritable [[margraviate]].((citation needed|date=August 2018))

The position of the fiefed chatelain was "to defend the castle and the county, to administer them, with freedom to organize the internal affairs of the county as it pleased them, to bear the revenues and use as it pleased...".

They also grabbed immense wealth for the family. Sune's son [[Erengisle, Earl of Orkney]] was a recorded owner of [[Kymmenegård]] Manor, in Viborg Province, the spot on which the town of [[Kotka]] later became erected. Munkenäs, an immense domain in Vederlax, was owned first by Sten Turesson Bielke, [[Lord High Constable of Sweden]], followed by his son Sten Stensson, Lord of Engsö.

All the Swedish negotiators of the [[Treaty of Nöteborg]] (1323), three years after the acquisition of Viborg, appear to be members of their extended family; representatives of Bishop Charles's diocese; or merchants of Gotland, part of the diocese.

Its chatelains were generally from the most powerful families of the kingdom. They enjoyed large administrative powers and some distance from the capital. Those realities made them practically independent rulers. The position of the lord of Viborg became effectively independent. As such, it was desired by many powerful magnates. In the 1350s, it was held by Earl Erengisle's brother-in-law, the mighty kingmaker [[Nicholas Turesson, Lord of Kråkerum]] of the Bielke. He personally owned Kaukjärvi Domain, in the [[Karelian Isthmus]], near Viborg.

They organised defences, guarded the area constantly, provided food and equipment, kept the fortress in shape, kept mercenaries and paid the military.

The direct-line Jonsson family ended in 1392 by the death of Earl Erengisle. However, the margraviate was, almost without exception, held by descendants or husbands of their extended family until its very end, after over two centuries.

Early margraves of Viborg created a [[petty nobility]], ''knapadel'', around their strategic points. More capable peasants with some roles as leaders in the local community were given tax exemption against guard duties of local strongholds, the somewhat primitive "''[[linnavuori]]''" fortresses. Cavalry service was not required from them for the ''[[frälse]]'' tax exemption. The petty nobility of Veckelax is particularly noted in literature as having been a notable example. Later margraves, such as Krister Nilsson and Charles Knutsson, refused to fully accept such families of the petty nobility.

Apparently, the main reason for the chatelain of the Viborg Fief succeeding in keeping such an independent position, compared to other castles and their holders, was Viborg's extraordinary position as the easternmost outpost and the stronghold of the Swedish realm against the eastern neighbouring power from its attacks and desires to annex more land. Revenues from the fief were needed to defend the eastern border for what was usually understood as the government of the kingdom, and if the eastern defence was not granted sufficient resources, taxes from the western areas would possibly also have been lost to the enemy.

The fiefholders were also responsible for holding the northern border. In the 1470s, they established another castle, [[Olofsborg]], over 100 km north of Viborg. During the whole Middle Ages, that fortress was kept under the command of Viborg.

Important personages who held Viipuri as their fief were [[Bo Jonsson Grip]], [[Krister Nilsson]] Vasa (1417–42), [[Charles Knutsson Bonde]] (1442–48, the future king), [[Erik Axelsson Tott]] (1457–81), [[Knut Posse]] (1495–97), [[Sten Sture the Elder]] (particularly 1497-99 when he was personally in residence, between his regencies), [[Eric Bielke]] and Count [[John of Hoya]].

Particularly in the 1440s and in the late 15th century, the fortresses of the Viborg Castle were further enlarged and built up.

In 1534, King [[Gustav I of Sweden]] abolished the independent fief by deposing and exiling his brother-in-law [[John, Count of Hoya]]. Lord [[Nils Grabbe]] took Viborg Castle by force on behalf of the king and became its royal governor without gaining the feudal privileges that had been held by the earlier holders of the castle.

== List of fiefholders of the Viborg castle ==
((More citations needed section|date=May 2010))
This is to list all those medieval and 16th century lords who held Viipuri castle and its fief, as fiefed chatelains, in the independent way ("margrave") and not simply as governors or bailiffs. The list is incomplete, due to the scarcity of historical sources and thus gaps.

In 1320, lord Peter Jonsson (Haak) purchased the castle and its dominions from the bailiff Efflerus set there by the deposed king Birger.
* 1320 - 1338 (or later) Peter Jonsson (and in c 1336 he was governor of all Finland)
* 1340 Dan Niklasson
* c 1348 Gerhard Skytte
* 1357 - 1364 Nils Turesson Bielke, kingdom's [[Lord High Justiciar]], son-in-law of Peter Jonsson's brother
* 1360s: Nils' heirs, as pawn.
* 1370 King Albrekt
* 1371 - 1386 [[Bo Jonsson Grip]] (all Finland), Lord High Justiciar
* 1386 - 1399 Karl, [[Charles Ulvsson, Lord of Tofta]], kingdom's [[Lord High Constable of Sweden|Lord High Constable]], stepson of a niece of Peter Jonsson
* 1403 - 1417 [[Tord Bonde]], Lord High Constable, distant cousin of Peter Jonsson
* 1417 - 1442 Kristiern, [[Krister Nilsson Vaasa]], Lord High Justiciar, brother-in-law of Tord Bonde
* 1440 - 1448 Karl, [[Charles Knutsson, Lord of Fogelvik]] (b. 1408 - d. 1470), Lord High Constable, grandson of Charles Ulvsson and of Tord Bonde, became in 1448 king
* 1457 - 1481 [[Erik Akselsson]] [[Tott]] (b. c.1420 - d. 1487), great-grandson of Tord Bonde, son of a first cousin of Charles Knutsson
* 1481 Lars, Laurens Axelsen [[Thott]], brother of previous
* 1483 Ivar, [[Iver Axelsen Thott]], Over[[lord of Gotland]], brother of previous, son-in-law of Charles Knutsson
* 1483 - 1495 [[Sten Sture the Elder]], Kingdom's Regent, nephew of Charles Knutsson, great-grandson of Charles Ulvsson, and great-great-great-grandnephew of Nils Turesson
** his deputy: [[Nils Eriksson Gyllenstierna]], grandson of Charles Knutsson
* 1495 - 1496 Knut, [[Knut Posse]] (d. 1500)
* 1497 - 1501 again Sten Sture the Elder (b. 1440 - d. 1503), between his terms as [[Regent of Sweden]]
* 1499 - May 1511 [[Eric Bielke|Erik Turesson]] Bielke (d. 1511), great-great-grandnephew of Nils Turesson
* 1511 - 1513 [[Gunilla Johansdotter Bese]], widow of [[Eric Bielke]], her predecessor
* 1513 - 1520 [[Tony Eriksson Tott]], son-in-law of the two previous, great-nephew of Erik Akselsson, Laurens and Ivar of Gotland
* 1525 - 1534 [[Johan, Count of Hoya]] and Bruchhausen (d. 1535), son-in-law of Sten Sture's nephew, brother-in-law of the reigning king Gustav I.

In 1534, [[Gustav I of Sweden]], Sten Sture's grandnephew, abolished the independent fief.

Lord [[Nicholas Grabbe]] was the next commander of the Viipuri castle, 1534–45, but he did not receive the feudal privileges held by earlier chatelains.

==See also==
*[[Viipuri Province]]

==References==
((No footnotes|date=May 2010))
((Reflist))

* ((cite book
|title=Works: A contemporary version, Volume 18 - The Peace of Nystad
|last= Voltaire
|authorlink=
|author2=Voltaire, John Morley
|year= 1901
|publisher= St.Hubert Guild
|location= University of Michigan
|isbn=
|page= 129
|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kTRlAAAAMAAJ&dq=fiefs&pg=RA1-PA129))

((DEFAULTSORT:Fief Of Viborg))
[[Category:Medieval Finland]]
[[Category:History of Vyborg]]
[[Category:History of the Karelian Isthmus]]
[[Category:Finland under Swedish rule]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Fief of Viborg (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Clarify (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix-span (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More citations needed section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:No footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Sp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:What? (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:DecodeEncode (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Fief of Viborg.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fief_of_Viborg"