Summary[edit]

Description: 29-second OGG Vorbis (quality 0) sample of Piano Sonata No. 2, "Concord, Mass., 1840-1860" (ca. 1904–15, rev. 1947), second movement, "Hawthorne," composed by Charles Ives and performed by Steven Mayer
Copyright holder: Naxos
Source: Charles Ives: Piano Sonata No. 2 "Concord" CD, Steven Mayer (Naxos, 2004)

Fair use in tone cluster[edit]

This is a sound sample from a commercial recording. Its inclusion here is claimed as fair use because:

• It illustrates an educational article that specifically discusses this piece as one of the first significant works to include tone clusters and the fame of the particular clusters heard in the sample;
• It is a low-bit-rate sample of less than 30 seconds from a much longer recording, and could not be used as a substitute for the original commercial recording;
• It is not replaceable with a free-use sample of comparable educational value; and
• It is believed that this sample will not affect the value of the original work or limit the copyright holder's rights or ability to distribute the original recording.

Licensing[edit]

	This is a sound sample from a song, movie, sound effect, or other audio recording that is currently copyrighted. The copyright for it may be owned by the company who made it or the author. For a song, it may also be owned by the person(s) who performed it. It is believed that the use of this work qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law when used on the English-language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the U.S. by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation, where: the sample is being used for commentary on the recording in question; the sample contributes significantly to the encyclopedia articles in which it is used (listed under the heading "File usage" below) in a way that cannot be duplicated by other forms of media; the sample is short in relation to the duration of the recorded track, and is of inferior quality to the original recording; no other samples from the same track are currently used in Wikipedia; there is no adequate free alternative available. A more detailed fair use rationale should be provided by the user who uploaded this sample. Any other uses of this sample, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. If you are the copyright holder of this sample and you feel that its use here does not fall under "fair use", please see Wikipedia:Copyright problems for information on how to proceed. To the uploader: If this is a free, non-copyrighted audio recording, please post it to Wikimedia Commons instead. Fair use //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ives-Concord_Sonata_M2.ogg true
To the uploader: Please add a detailed non-free use rationale for each article the image is used in, which must also declare compliance with the other parts of the non-free content criteria, as well as the source of the work and copyright information. For example non-free use rationales, see Wikipedia:Use rationale examples. Template:Non-free use rationale audio sample may be helpful for stating the rationale. To patrollers and administrators: If this image has an appropriate rationale please append |image has rationale=yes as a parameter to the license template.