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((short description|Bread of Finland))
((Multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=May 2022))
((Lead too short|date=August 2022))
))
((Infobox food
| name             = Finnish bread
| image            = Ruisleipä-limppu reikäleipä reissumies hapankorppu-1.JPG
| image_size       = 250px
| caption          = Five types of Finnish rye bread (top to bottom/left to right): ''limppu'', ''reikäleipä'', a loaf, commercial pre-halved rye bread, and ''hapankorppu''
| alternate_name   = 
| country          = [[Finland]]
| region           = 
| creator          = 
| course           = 
| type             = [[Bread]]
| served           = 
| main_ingredient  = 
| variations       = 
| calories         = 
| other            = 
))

[[Bread]] is a [[staple food]] of [[Finland]]. It is served with almost every meal and many different types are produced domestically.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

In the Swedish-speaking [[Regions of Finland|region]] of [[Åland]], there are other varieties of bread, the majority of which owe much to [[Swedish cuisine]].((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

==Rye bread==
((Main|Ruisleipä))
[[Image:Finnish sour dough starter mix - 1.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Sourdough starter mix, the base of most Finnish rye bread]]
Rye bread, known as ''[[ruisleipä]]'', is a popular dark and sour bread in Finland, distinguishing itself from German rye breads by its less greasy and moist texture and differs from Swedish rye breads by not being sweet and lacking spices like caraway. Traditional Finnish rye breads, such as ''[[reikäleipä]]'' and ''[[limppu]]'', were historically dried on poles beneath kitchen ceilings. They have become a national symbol, celebrated on February 28th as "rye bread day."

===Limppu===
[[File:Mischbrot-1.jpg|250px|right|thumb|''Limppu'']]
Traditional Eastern Finnish rye bread is called ''limppu''. The closest translation to English would be "loaf" (although ''limppu'' is always round and bulbous, while rectangular loaves are available). This bread is dark, sour in taste, dense, heavy and comparatively dry. Its mouthfeel still remains soft enough to be bitten off easily, and leavening is easily discernible by eye. This kind of bread was usually produced at steady intervals throughout the year, whereas Western Finnish tradition stressed less frequent baking sessions combined with long-term storage.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

''Limppu'' is common in the [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan]] due to high levels of Finnish immigration and may be found in many [[pub]]s and diners across the peninsula.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

===Reikäleipä===
((main article|Ruisreikäleipä))
[[Image:Reikäleipä view from above.jpg|thumb|''Reikäleipä'']]

''Reikäleipä'' (((literal translation|hole bread))), a traditional Western Finnish rye bread, is dried near the kitchen ceiling and preserved over the long winter. Nowadays ''reikäleipä'' is available in many forms and stages of aging throughout all of Finland, regardless of season.<ref name="intcu">((cite book |last=MacVeigh |first=Jeremy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g9KcADhDPqkC&dq=finnish+rye+bread&pg=PA195 |title=International Cuisine |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2008 |isbn=978-1418049652 |page=195 |access-date=August 8, 2012))</ref>

===Jälkiuunileipä===
In western Finland, people used to bake a lot of bread at a time, but rarely. In the east, they used to bake less, but at least weekly.<ref>((harvtxt|Tanttu|Tanttu|1988)) quoted in ((harvtxt|Davidson|Jaine|2014))</ref> The old tradition was that all bread in the house for the year was baked over a few days, in a large oven that took a long time to cool. ''Jälkiuunileipä'' (((literal translation|after-oven bread))) could still be baked in the residual heat.<ref>((cite web | url=https://kaino.kotus.fi/sms/?p=article&word=j%C3%A4lkiuunileip%C3%A4&sms_id=SMS_775e23133199d085877a45d96f198a46 | title=Jälkiuunileipä - Koko artikkeli - Suomen murteiden sanakirja ))</ref> The longer baking time in the lower temperature gives it a darker color, higher density and hardness than regular rye bread, comparable to a [[fruit cake]]. In addition to the traditional ''reikäleipä'' shape, there are also rectangular variations available.<ref>((cite web | url=https://www.oululainen.fi/tuotteet/jalkiuuni/ | title=Jälkiuuni ))</ref>

===Crispbread===
((main article|Crispbread))
Crispbread (''näkkileipä'') is leavened rye bread that is dried into a thin crisp. They are sometimes made using sourdough. Crispbread is very common throughout the [[Nordic countries]] and if stored properly will not spoil for a long time.<ref>[http://www.nydalaklostertradgard.se/dokument/Seminarierapport_4_070928.pdf Medeltida trädgårdsväxter: Att spåra det förflutna] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225072118/http://www.nydalaklostertradgard.se/dokument/Seminarierapport_4_070928.pdf|date=2009-02-25))</ref><ref>((cite book |last=Edwards |first=W. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCVPjK0mSfkC&pg=PA188 |title=The science of bakery products |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-85404-486-3 |location=Cambridge |page=188))</ref><ref>((cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=What is Crispbread? |url=https://www.leksands.com/what-is-crispbread/ |access-date=2021-10-20 |website=leksands.com |publisher=Leksandsbröd))</ref> A variant of crispbread is a thin sour rectangular crisp called ''hapankorppu''. Rectangular crispbread is often associated with schools and other institutions, for example the Koulunäkki and Kunto brands.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

==Wheat bread==
Because traditionally [[wheat]] was not as abundant as rye or barley, wheat is mainly used for baking of pastry, scones, and ''[[pulla]]''. Nowadays it is often combined with other types of flour to make [[Karelian pasties]], [[meat pies]], and other dishes.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

===Vesirinkeli===
[[Image:Vesirinkelit - 2.jpg|thumb|right|180px|''Vesirinkeli'']]
''Vesirinkeli'' (((literal translation|water ring))) is a small ring of yeast leavened wheat bread which resembles a [[bagel]]. They are available in several different varieties.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

==Other breads==

===Oat bread===
[[Image:Kaurasämpylä and kaurapala - 1.JPG|thumb|right|180px|Oat rolls and Kaurapala brand bread]]
In 2019, Finland produced 1.19 million tonnes of [[oats]] (''kaura'').<ref name="fao">((cite web |date=2021 |title=Oats production in 2019, Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity from pick lists |url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC |access-date=17 July 2021 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division, FAOSTAT))</ref> They are the most commonly produced [[grain]] in Finland and bread based on oats is popular, although not as popular as [[rye]] breads. The most common use of oats in bread is in rolls, sometimes flat and pre-cut into two halves.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

===Potato bread===
The [[potato]], although a late introduction to Finland, features heavily in the diet and has found its way into many kinds of breads. Usually dough made with potato will be very soft and the bread will be moister and fluffier than plain wheat or oat bread.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

===Christmas bread===
There are several varieties of Christmas breads. Most are made in a similar way to a basic ''limppu'', however they typically include [[molasses]] and other Christmas time flavours like [[Orange (fruit)|orange]], [[cinnamon]], [[fennel]], [[aniseed]] and [[caraway]].((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

===Korppu===
''Korppu'' is a dried, hard and crisp [[rusk]] that resembles a small halved bread roll. The sweet versions are often sprinkled with cinnamon and sugar. There are also variations of ''korppu'' which are totally flat and unleavened, usually made of rye or oats.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

===Rieska===
[[Image:Rye and Potato rieska - 1.JPG|thumb|180px|Rye (white) and potato (brown) ''rieska'']]
[[File:Ohrarieska.JPG|180px|thumbnail|Savonian-style barley ''rieska'' served with ''munavoi'' (mixture of mashed hard-boiled eggs and butter)]]
''Rieska'' (pronounced ['ries.ka]) is unleavened, usually [[barley]]-based, soft [[flatbread]]. Simple ''rieska'' contains only flour, salt, and water, but industrial bakeries usually use yeast as well. ''Rieska'' has many local varieties in different parts of Finland regarding ingredients and preparation. It is usually baked in the oven, or alternatively on a frying pan (like pancake) or even on a heated stone. The dough is sometimes made from rye or potato. [[Milk]] ''rieska'' is a traditional food in the [[Ylivieska]] area, and is made with milk instead of water.<ref>((cite web
|url=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Maitorieska_(Finnish_Barley_Flatbread)
|title=Maitorieska
|language=en
|date=11 January 2022
|website=wikibooks - Cuisine of Finland
|access-date=2023-11-22
))</ref>

==Confectionery==

===Pulla===
''[[Pulla]]'' is a [[cardamom]]-flavoured, yeast-leavened sweetened bread, often served with coffee. The usual recipe is based on milk, sugar, wheat flour, butter, with yeast and a very small amount of salt as additives, and cardamom or saffron as spices. ''Pulla'' is similar to but drier than a [[brioche]], as eggs are not added into the dough. In contrast to many other nationalities' sweetened breads, ''pulla'' isn't buttered. When flavored with cinnamon and sugar and cut into spirals before baking, it becomes ''korvapuusti'' ([[cinnamon roll]]).((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

===Sokerikorppu===
A ''korppu'' (see above) sweetened with sugar and spiced with cinnamon is called ''sokerikorppu''.((Citation needed|date=May 2022))

== See also ==
((portal|Food))
* [[Bagel]]
* [[Finnish cuisine]]
* [[Nordic bread culture]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.ruokatieto.fi/Front_Page/Finfood_englanniksi/Finnish_Food_Culture/Why_Finnish_Food/Naturally_Yours/Crops/Traditional_Rye Traditional Rye], Ruokatieto ((dead link|date=February 2019))

== References ==
((reflist))

*((Cite book |last1=Davidson |first1=Alan |last2=Jaine |first2=Tom  |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=9780199677337 |pages=1039 |language=en))
*((Cite book |last1=Tanttu |first1=Anna-Maiju |last2=Tanttu |first2=Juha |title=Food from Finland |publisher=[[Otava (publisher)|Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava]] |year=1988 |location=Helsinki))

[[Category:Finnish cuisine|Bread]]
[[Category:Flatbreads]]
[[Category:Finnish breads| ]]

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