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In 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, Italians from the Corpo Truppe Volontarie began to serve in mixed Italo-Spanish Flechas (Arrows) units where the Italians provided the officers and technical personnel, while the Spanish served in the rank-and-file. One, the Flechas Negras Mixed Brigade "Black Arrows" first served in Vizcaya from April 1937.

Order of Battle, April 1937

Flechas Negras Brigade - Col. Sandro Piazzoni

Order of Battle, Battle of Santander August 1937

Flechas Negras Brigade - Col. Sandro Piazzoni

The Flechas Negras Brigade was later expanded to form the Flechas Division.

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