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((short description|Disk-shaped flying aircraft associated with UAPs and extraterrestrial conceptions))((For|unexplained aircraft sightings, of which many are described as flying saucers|Unidentified flying object))((Other uses))
((Use dmy dates|date=January 2015))
((Refimprove|date=August 2010))
[[File:Supposed UFO, Passaic, New Jersey.jpg|thumb|right|An alleged flying saucer seen over [[Passaic, New Jersey]] in 1952]]
[[File:Amazing Stories August 1946 back cover.png|thumb|Nearly a year before the Flying Disc wave of 1947, pulp magazine ''[[Amazing Stories]]'' featured disc-shaped spacecraft.<ref>((Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Md_ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT244|title = The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrial Encounters|isbn = 9781780337036|last1 = Story|first1 = Ronald|date = March 2012))</ref>]]

A '''flying saucer''' (also referred to as a '''flying disc''') is a descriptive term for a type of flying craft having a [[Disk (mathematics)|disc]] or [[saucer]]-shaped body, commonly used generically to refer to an anomalous flying object. The term was coined in 1947<ref>((Cite magazine|title=This Is Why People Think UFOs Look Like 'Flying Saucers'|url=https://time.com/3930602/first-reported-ufo/|magazine=Time|language=en|access-date=2020-05-18))</ref> but has generally been supplanted since 1952 by the [[United States Air Force]] term [[unidentified flying object]]s (or UFOs for short). Early reported sightings of unknown "flying saucers" usually described them as silver or metallic, sometimes reported as covered with [[navigation light]]s or surrounded with a glowing light, hovering or moving rapidly, either alone or in tight formations with other similar craft, and exhibiting high maneuverability.

==History==
Disc-shaped flying objects have been interpreted as being sporadically recorded since the [[Middle Ages]] (such as the [[1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg]], which contained various other shapes as well).((citation needed|date=October 2023))

On January 25, 1878, the ''[[Denison, Texas|Denison]] Daily News'' printed an article in which John Martin, a local farmer, had reported seeing a large, dark, circular object resembling a balloon flying "at wonderful speed". Martin, according to the newspaper account, said it appeared to be about the size of a saucer from his perspective, one of the first uses of the word "saucer" in association with a UFO.<ref>((Cite web |date=2012-08-19 |title=American Chronicle ((!)) Before the Wright Brothers...There Were UFOs |url=http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/17732 |access-date=2022-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819213938/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/17732 |archive-date=19 August 2012 ))</ref>

Another early recorded use of the term "flying saucer" for an unidentified flying object was to describe a probable meteor that fell over Texas and Oklahoma on June 17, 1930. "Some who saw the weird light described it as a huge comet, a flaming flying saucer, a great red glow, a ball of fire."<ref name="Wichita">((cite news|last1=Associated Press|date=June 19, 1930|title=Whicitan Among those Who Saw Meteor|pages=28|publisher=Wichita Daily Times))</ref> The term "flying saucer" had been in use since 1890 to describe a [[Clay pigeon shooting|clay pigeon]] shooting target,<ref>((cite news|title=Shooting Notes|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/391821410|access-date=8 May 2018|work=Dayton Herald|issue=p. 4|date=19 Feb 1890))</ref> which resembles a classic UFO shape.

The highly publicized [[Kenneth Arnold UFO sighting|sighting]] by [[Kenneth Arnold]] on June 24, 1947, resulted in the popularization of the term "flying saucer" by U.S. newspapers. Although Arnold never specifically used the term "flying saucer", he was quoted at the time saying the shape of the objects he saw was like a "saucer", "disc", or "pie-plate", and several years later added he had also said "the objects moved like saucers skipping across the water." Both the terms ''flying saucer'' and ''flying disc'' were used commonly and interchangeably in the media until the early 1950s.
((1947 flying disc craze))
Arnold's sighting was followed by thousands of similar sightings across the world. Such sightings were once very common, to such an extent that "flying saucer" was a synonym for UFO through the 1960s before it began to fall out of favor. Many sightings of [[cigar]] or [[dirigible]]-shaped UFOs were reported following it.<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837169,00.html Essay: A FRESH LOOK AT FLYING SAUCERS]. ''TIME''. Aug 4, 1967./ [http://ufos.about.com/od/bestufocasefiles/p/loring.htm 1975-Loring Air Force Base UFO Sightings] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619195944/http://ufos.about.com/od/bestufocasefiles/p/loring.htm |date=19 June 2015 )). ''about. com''./ [http://www.inquisitr.com/1774127/nasa-helioviewer-giant-cigar-shaped-ufo-spotted-moving-close-to-the-speed-of-light-photos/ NASA Helioviewer: Giant Cigar-Shaped UFO Spotted Moving Close To The Speed Of Light?]. ''INQUISITR''. January 21, 2015./ [http://www.express.co.uk/news/nature/575103/Cigar-shaped-UFO-spotted-hovering-over-erupting-Mexican-volcano 'Cigar-shaped' UFO spotted hovering over erupting Mexican volcano]. the ''Daily and Sunday Express''. May 5, 2015./ Retrieved all June 19, 2015.</ref> More recently, the flying saucer has been largely supplanted by other alleged UFO-related vehicles, such as the [[black triangle (UFO)|black triangle]].((Citation needed|date=May 2011)) In fact, the term UFO was invented in 1952, to try to reflect the wider diversity of shapes being seen. However, unknown saucer-like objects are still reported, such as in the widely publicized [[2006 O'Hare International Airport UFO sighting|2006 sighting over Chicago-O'Hare airport]].

Many of the alleged flying saucer photographs of the era are now believed to be [[hoax]]es. The flying saucer is now considered largely an icon of the 1950s and of [[B movie]]s in particular, and is a popular subject in [[comic science fiction]].<ref name="BBC1">((cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-10985156 |title=Sir Patrick Moore's Irish UFO film identified |work=BBC News |date=16 August 2010 |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref>

Beyond the common usage of the phrase, there have also been human-made saucer-like craft. The first flying disc craft was called the [[Discopter]] and was patented by [[Alexander Weygers]] in 1944. Other designs have followed, such as the American [[Vought]] V-173 / XF5U "[[Flying Flapjack]]", the British [[GFS Projects]] flying saucer, or the British "S.A.U.C.E.R." ("Saucer Aircraft Utilising Coanda Effect Reactions") flying saucer, by inventor Alf Beharie.

== Sightings ==
[[File:Himmelserscheinung über Nürnberg vom 14. April 1561.jpg|thumb|right|''News notice'' printed in [[Nuremberg]], describing 4 April 1561 Nuremberg mass sighting. Discs and spheres were said to emerge from large cylinders. From [[Wickiana]] collection in [[Zürich]].]]
A manuscript illustration of the 10th-century [[Japanese literature|Japanese narrative]], ''[[The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter]]'', depicts a round flying machine similar to a flying saucer.<ref name=Richardson>((cite book |title=The Halstead Treasury of Ancient Science Fiction |first=Matthew |last=Richardson |publisher=Halstead Press|publication-place=Rushcutters Bay, New South Wales|date=2001 |isbn=1-875684-64-6))</ref><ref>((cite journal |title=Once Upon a Time |journal=Emerald City |issue=85 |date=September 2002 |url=http://www.emcit.com/emcit085.shtml#Once |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref>

A supposedly medieval record of a silver disc flying over a village in [[Yorkshire]] in 1290 has been shown to be a hoax dating from the 1950s.<ref>((cite book |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Samuel |editor-last1=Gillmor |editor-first1=Daniel S. |date=January 1969 |orig-date=1968 |chapter=UFOs in history |title=Final Report of the Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects Conducted by the University of Colorado Under Contract to the United States Air Force |url=https://www.jasoncolavito.com/the-condon-report-on-ancient-astronauts.html |publication-place= |location=New York |publisher=Bantam |pages=493–495 |isbn=0552047473 |access-date=23 April 2022 ))</ref> Disc-like flying objects were occasionally reported throughout the millennium. For example, in a [[1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg|mass sighting over Nuremberg in 1561]], discs and spheres were reported emerging from large cylinders (see illustration). They are also claimed by ufologists to frequently show up in religious artwork.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.2012.com.au/Historical.paintings.pdf |title=Historical artwork and UFOs by Matthew Hurley |access-date=23 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426170828/http://www.2012.com.au/Historical.paintings.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all ))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://sprezzatura.it/Arte/Arte_UFO_eng.htm |title=ART and UFO – Intro |publisher=Sprezzatura.it |date=12 November 2002 |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref>
[[Image:Trent1_600dpi.jpg|thumb|upright 1.2|One of the [[McMinnville UFO photographs]] from 1950.]]
[[File:Trent2 UFOA 600dpi.jpg|thumb|upright 1.2|Magnification of second [[McMinnville UFO photographs|McMinnville UFO photograph]] from 1950.]]
Another well-documented specific comparison of the objects to saucers was the Kenneth Arnold sighting on June 24, 1947, while Arnold was flying near [[Mount Rainier]].<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.strangemag.com/invadersfromelsewhere1.html |title=Invaders from Elsewhere |access-date=23 March 2013 |publisher=Strange Magazine))</ref> He reported seeing 9 brightly reflecting vehicles, one shaped like a [[crescent]] but the others more disc- or saucer-shaped, flying in an [[echelon formation]], weaving like the tail of a kite, flipping and flashing in the sun, and traveling with a speed of at least 1,200 miles per hour (1,900 km/h).<ref>((cite book |last=Bloecher |first=Ted |title=Report on the UFO Wave of 1947 |publisher=[[National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena]] |orig-year=1967|date=2005 |url=http://nicap.org/waves/Wave47Rpt/ReportOnWaveOf1947.pdf| access-date=January 7, 2013))</ref> In addition to the saucer or disc shape (Arnold also used the terms "pie plate" and half-moon shaped), he also later said he described the motion of the craft as "like a saucer if you [[Stone skipping|skip]] it across water", leading to the term "flying saucer" and also "flying disc" (which were synonymous for a number of years).

Immediately following the report, [[1947 flying disc craze|hundreds of sightings of usually saucer-like objects were reported]] across the United States and also in some other countries. The most widely publicized of these was the [[Flight 105 UFO sighting|sighting by a United Airlines crew on July 4]] of nine more disc-like objects pacing their plane over [[Idaho]], not far from Arnold's initial sighting.  On July 8, the Army Air Force base at [[Roswell, New Mexico]] issued a press release saying that they had recovered a "flying disc" from a nearby ranch, the so-called [[Roswell UFO incident]], which was front-page news until the military issued a retraction saying that it was a weather balloon.
[[File:Flying Saucer article in July 9, 1947 Irish Times.png|thumb|Initial Flying Saucer article in July 9, 1947 Irish Times]]

On July 9, the Army Air Force Directorate of Intelligence, assisted by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], began a secret study of the best of the flying saucer reports, including Arnold's and the United Airlines' crew. Three weeks later they issued an intelligence estimate describing the typical characteristics reported (including that they were often reported as disc-like and metallic) and concluded that something was really flying around. A follow-up investigation by the [[Air Materiel Command]] at [[Wright Field]], Ohio arrived at the same conclusion. A widespread official government study of the saucers was urged by General [[Nathan F. Twining|Nathan Twining]]. This led to the formation of [[Project Sign]] (also known as Project Saucer) at the end of 1947, the first public Air Force UFO study. This evolved into [[Project Grudge]] (1949–1951) and then [[Project Blue Book]] (1952–1970).

The term "flying saucer" quickly became deeply ingrained in the English [[vernacular]]. A Gallup poll from August 1947 found that 90% had heard about the mysterious flying saucers or flying discs, and a 1950 [[Gallup poll]] found that 94% of those polled had heard the term, easily beating all other mentioned commonly used terms in the news such as "[[Cold War]]", "[[Conscription|universal military training]]", and "[[Bookmaker|bookie]]".

== Explanations ==
[[File:Lenticular4.jpg.jpeg|thumb|right|A lenticular cloud]]
In addition to the [[extraterrestrial hypothesis]], a variety of possible explanations for flying saucers have been put forward. One of the most common states that most photos of saucers were hoaxes; cylindrical metal objects such as pie tins, [[hubcap]]s and [[dustbin]] lids were easy to obtain, and the poor focus seen in UFO images makes the true scale of the object difficult to ascertain.((Citation needed|date=May 2011)) 

Another theory states that most are natural phenomena such as [[lenticular cloud]]s and [[balloon]]s, which appear disc-like in some lighting conditions.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.iwasabducted.com/ufomistakes/clouds/ |title=Lenticular cloud UFOs |publisher=UFO Mistakes |access-date=23 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304051634/http://www.iwasabducted.com/ufomistakes/clouds/ |archive-date=4 March 2012 |df=dmy-all ))</ref>

A third theory puts all saucer sightings down to a form of [[mass hysteria]]. Arnold described the craft he saw as saucer-like but not perfectly round (he described them as thin, flat, rounded in front but chopped in back and coming to a point), but the image of the circular saucer was fixed in the public consciousness. The theory posits that as the use of the term flying saucer in popular culture decreased, so too did sightings.<ref>((cite book |title=The Outer Limits: More Mysteries from the Philosophy Files |first=Stephen |last=Law |isbn=1-84255-062-4 |date=2003 |publisher=Orion Books))</ref>

[[File:Science Wonder Stories Nov 1929 - flying saucer.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|One of the first depictions of a "flying saucer", by illustrator [[Frank R. Paul]] on the October 1929 issue of [[Hugo Gernsback]]'s pulp [[science fiction]] magazine ''[[Science Wonder Stories]]''. Although the term wasn't used before 1947, fantasy artwork in [[pulp magazine]]s prepared the American mind to be receptive to the idea of "flying saucers".]]
Long before the Kenneth Arnold sighting of 1947 and the adoption of the term "flying saucer" by the public, depictions of streamlined saucer-shaped aircraft or spacecraft had appeared in the popular press, dating back to at least 1911.<ref>((cite web |url=http://ufopop.org/ufopop_mags.php |title=Early 20th Century magazine covers with "flying saucer"-like craft |publisher=Ufopop.org |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref> In particular, commentators like [[Milton Rothman]] have noted the appearance of the "flying saucers" concept in the fantasy artwork of the 1930s [[pulp science fiction]] magazines, by artists like [[Frank R. Paul]].<ref name="Wu">((cite web |last=Wu |first=Frank |date=1998 |title=Gallery of Frank R. Paul's Science Fiction Artwork |url=http://www.frankwu.com/Paul-8.html |access-date=April 1, 2015 |website=www.frankwu.com |publisher=))</ref><ref name="Darr">((cite web
 |last        = Darr
 |first       = Jennifer
 |title       = Coming To A Sky Near You
 |publisher   = Philadelphia Citypaper
 |date        = July 3, 1997
 |url         = http://citypaper.net/articles/070397/article005.shtml
 |access-date  = April 1, 2015
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20151001154047/http://citypaper.net/articles/070397/article005.shtml
 |archive-date = 1 October 2015
 |df          = dmy-all
))</ref> [[Frank Wu (artist)|Frank Wu]], a notable contemporary science fiction illustrator, has written:<ref name="Wu" />

((quote|The point is that the idea of space vehicles shaped like flying saucers was imprinted in the national psyche for many years prior to 1947, when the Roswell incident took place. It didn't take much stretching for the first observers of UFOs to assume that the unknown objects hovering in the sky had the same disk shape as the science fictional vehicles.))

A scientific and statistical analysis of 3200 Air Force UFO cases by the [[Battelle Memorial Institute]] from 1952 to 1954 found that most were indeed due to natural phenomena, about 2% were due to hoaxes or psychological effects and only 0.4% were thought due to clouds. Other very minor contributors were birds, light phenomena such as [[mirage]]s or [[searchlight]]s, and various miscellany such as [[Flare (pyrotechnic)|flares]] or [[kite]]s. The vast majority of identified objects (about 84%) were explained as balloons, aircraft, or astronomical objects. However, about 22% of all sightings still defied any plausible explanation by the team of scientists, and percentage of unidentifieds rose to 33% for the best witnesses and cases. Thus when carefully studied, a substantial fraction of reports (given the available data) is currently not understood.

=== Fata Morgana (mirages) and flying saucers ===
((Main|Fata Morgana (mirage)))
[[File:Fata Morgana of islands.jpg|thumb|right|[[Fata Morgana (mirage)|Fata Morgana]] of distant islands distorted images beyond recognition]]
Fata Morgana, a type of mirage, may be responsible for some flying saucers sightings, by displaying objects located below the astronomical [[horizon]] hovering in the sky, and magnifying and distorting them.

Similarly some unidentifieds seen on [[radar]] might also be due to Fata Morgana-type atmospheric phenomena, though more technically known as "[[anomalous propagation]]" and more commonly as "radar ghosts". Official UFO investigations in France suggest:
((Quotation|As is well known, atmospheric ducting is the explanation for certain optical mirages, and in particular the arctic illusion called "fata morgana" where distant ocean or surface ice, which is essentially flat, appears to the viewer in the form of vertical columns and spires, or "castles in the air." <br />People often assume that mirages occur only rarely. This may be true of optical mirages, but conditions for radar mirages are more common, due to the role played by water vapor which strongly affects the atmospheric refractivity in relation to radio waves. Since clouds are closely associated with high levels of water vapor, optical mirages due to water vapor are often rendered undetectable by the accompanying opaque cloud. On the other hand, radar propagation is essentially unaffected by the water droplets of the cloud so that changes in water vapor content with altitude are very effective in producing atmospheric ducting and radar mirages.))

Fata Morgana was named as a hypothesis for the mysterious Australian phenomenon [[Min Min light]].<ref name=perrigrew1>((cite journal |last1=Pettigrew |first1=JD. |date=2003 |title=The Min Min light and the Fata Morgana. An optical account of a mysterious Australian phenomenon. |journal=Clinical and Experimental Optometry |volume=86 |issue=2 |pages= 109–20|doi= 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2003.tb03069.x|pmid=12643807|doi-access=free ))<!--|access-date=23 March 2013 --></ref>

== Human-made flying saucer aircraft ==
[[File:Avrocar flying.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar|Avrocar]], a one-person flying saucer-style aircraft]]
((See also|Circular wing))
The first documented patent for a lenticular flying machine was submitted by [[Romanians|Romanian]] inventor [[Henri Coanda]].((citation needed|date=January 2011)) He made a functional small scale model which was flown in 1932 and a patent was granted in 1935.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.go4it.ro/curiozitati/dosare-3998600/proiectele-necunoscute-ale-lui-henri-coanda-7057481/ozn-ul-lui-coanda-fascinanta-creatie-care-a-inlemnit-america-7099030/ |title=OZN-ul lui Coandă, fascinanta creație care a înlemnit America! |publisher=Go4it.ro |date=3 September 2010 |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref> In 1967, Coanda told a symposium organized by the Romanian Academy:

((Quotation|These airplanes we have today are no more than a perfection of a toy made of paper children use to play with. My opinion is we should search for a completely different flying machine, based on other flying principles. I consider the aircraft of the future, that which will take off vertically, fly as usual and land vertically. This flying machine should have no parts in movement. The idea came from the huge power of the cyclons<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/coanda.htm |title=Aeronautics – Henri Coanda |publisher=Allstar.fiu.edu |access-date=23 March 2013 |archive-date=24 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224043310/http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/coanda.htm |url-status=dead ))</ref>))

An example, the CC1 was a saucer-shaped hovercraft prototype made by [[Cushioncraft]] powered by a Coventry Climax engine that drove 2x propellors (from a Hiller helicopter) and rotated fan blades around the periphery of the fuselage that lifted the craft 15 inches off the ground.<ref>"Helicopter and VTO World" magazine July/August 1960</ref><ref>Jane's all the world's aircraft 1962-63</ref><ref>Aviation magazine 1960</ref><ref>Aviation magazine 1963</ref><ref>https://www.bartiesworld.co.uk/hovercraft/cushioncraft.php</ref>

Other attempts have been made, with limited success, to produce crewed vehicles based on the flying saucer design. While some, such as the [[Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar|Avrocar]] and [[Moller M200G Volantor|M200G Volantor]] have been produced in limited numbers, most fail to leave the drawing board. The Avrocar, with [[vertical takeoff and landing]], was originally intended to replace both the [[Jeep]] and the [[helicopter]] in combat situations, but proved to be inadequate for both. In spite of a powerful turbojet, it could not rise more than four or five feet off the ground, i.e., out of [[Ground effect (aircraft)|ground effect]].<ref>((cite book |last=Winchester |first=Jim |title=American Military Aircraft |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnKfPAAACAAJ |access-date=23 March 2013 |date=2005 |publisher=Grange Books PLC |isbn=978-1-84013-753-8 |page=68))</ref> Thus, the Avrocar could be seen as a prototype for the early generations of [[hovercraft]], lacking only a 'skirt' to make it a truly effective example of the type. Uncrewed saucers have had more success; the [[Sikorsky Cypher]] is a saucer-like [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] which uses the disc-shaped shroud to protect rotor blades.

Some more advanced flying saucers capable of spaceflight have been proposed, often as [[black project]]s by aeronautics companies. The [[Lenticular Reentry Vehicle]] was a secret project run by [[Convair]] for a saucer device which could carry both [[astronaut]]s and [[nuclear weapon]]s into orbit; the nuclear-powered system was planned in depth, but is not believed to have ever flown. More exotically, [[British Rail]] worked on plans for the [[British Rail flying saucer|British Rail "Space Vehicle"]] a proposed, saucer-shaped craft based on advanced technologies utilizing [[nuclear fusion]] and [[superconductivity]], which was supposed to have been able to transport multiple passenger between planets, but never went beyond the [[patent]] stage.<ref name="BBC">((cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4801928.stm |title=British Rail flying saucer plan |date=13 March 2006 |publisher=BBC |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref>

There is at least one design that received a US patent in 2005: ((US patent|6960975)). It claims to be "propelled by the pressure of inflationary vacuum state".

Additionally, Professor [[Subrata Roy (scientist)|Subrata Roy]] at the [[University of Florida]] has begun work on a [[Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle]] (WEAV) for [[NASA]] which has received public interest because of its coincidental resemblance to a flying saucer.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.livescience.com/technology/080612-plasma-saucer.html |title=New Flying Saucer Runs on Plasma |publisher=LiveScience |date=12 June 2008 |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.science20.com/news_releases/weav_patent_application_for_a_plasma_propelled_flying_saucer |title=WEAV – Patent Application For A Plasma-Propelled Flying Saucer |publisher=science20.com |date=June 13, 2008 |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=worlds-first-flying-saucer |title=The World's First Flying Saucer: Made Right Here on Earth: Scientific American |publisher=Sciam.com |date=7 July 2008 |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref>

== In popular culture ==
[[File:Plan9SaucerShadow.jpg|thumb|right|A small flying saucer leaves its larger mothership in ''[[Plan 9 from Outer Space]]'' (1957).]]
After 1947, the flying saucer quickly became a stereotypical symbol of both extraterrestrials and [[science fiction]], and features in many films of mid-20th century science fiction, including ''[[The Atomic Submarine]]'' (1959), ''[[The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951 film)|The Day the Earth Stood Still]]'' (1951), ''[[Plan 9 from Outer Space]]'' (1957), ''[[Earth vs. the Flying Saucers]]'' (1956), as well as the television series ''[[The Invaders]]''. As the flying saucer was surpassed by other designs and concepts, it fell out of favor with straight science-fiction moviemakers, but continued to be used [[irony|ironically]] in comedy movies, especially in reference to the low-budget [[B movie]]s which often featured saucer-shaped alien craft.

However, [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] gave its high production value film ''[[Forbidden Planet]]'' (1956) a flying saucer called the ''United Planets Cruiser C-57D'', presenting a plausible human exploration, faster-than-light starship of the 23rd century. The 1964 Italian movie ''[[Il disco volante]]'' featured a flying saucer, while the 1965 James Bond movie ''[[Thunderball (film)|Thunderball]]'' featured [[Ernst Stavro Blofeld]]'s yacht ''[[Disco Volante (ship)|Disco Volante]]''. In the television series ''[[Lost in Space]]'' (1965-1968), the Robinson family had a disc-shaped spaceship. Saucers appeared in the television series ''[[Babylon 5]]'' (1994-1998) as the standard ship design used by a race called the [[Civilizations in Babylon 5#Vree|Vree]]. [[Doctor Who]] has featured many different designs of flying saucer in its history, most notably the saucers used by the [[Dalek|Daleks]]. Aliens in the film ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]'' (1996) attacked humanity in giant city-sized saucer-shaped spaceships.
[[File:Amazing Stories October 1957.jpg|thumb|October 1957 issue of ''[[Amazing Stories]]'' magazine devoted to flying saucers. The sightings starting in 1947 ignited an obsession with flying saucers that lasted a decade.]]

The sleek, silver flying saucer in particular is seen as a symbol of 1950s culture; the motif is common in [[Googie architecture]] and in [[Atomic Age]] décor.<ref>((cite web |url=http://astroprofspage.com/archives/593 |title=Astronomers and the Space Needle |publisher=Astroprof's |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref> The image is often invoked [[retrofuturism|retrofuturistically]] to produce a [[nostalgic]] feel in period works, especially in comic science fiction; both ''[[Mars Attacks!]]'' (1996)<ref>((cite news |url=http://www.metroactive.com/papers/metro/12.12.96/mars-attacks-9650.html |title=Alien Notions |publisher=Metroactive |access-date=23 March 2013))</ref> and ''[[Destroy All Humans!]]''<ref>((cite web |url=http://uk.gamespot.com/destroy-all-humans/reviews/destroy-all-humans-review-6127942/?tag=summary%3Breview |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411001010/http://uk.gamespot.com/destroy-all-humans/reviews/destroy-all-humans-review-6127942/?tag=summary;review |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Destroy All Humans! for PS2 |publisher=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=23 March 2013 ))</ref> draw on the flying saucer as part of the larger satire of 1950s [[B movie]] tropes.

''[[The Twilight Zone]]'' [[episode]]s "The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street", "Third from the Sun", "[[Death Ship (The Twilight Zone)|Death Ship]]", "[[To Serve Man (The Twilight Zone)|To Serve Man]]", "[[The Invaders (The Twilight Zone)|The Invaders]]" and "[[On Thursday We Leave for Home]]" all make use of the iconic saucer from ''Forbidden Planet''.

[[File:Spaceship osciron 02.jpg|thumb|Exhibition model of a flying saucer (2022)]]

==References==
((reflist))

== Further reading ==
* ((cite book
|first=George
|last=Adamsky
|title=Flying Saucers Have Landed
|publisher=Spearman
|place=London
|year=1953))
* ((cite book
|first=George
|last=Adamsky
|title=Inside the Space Ships
|url=https://archive.org/details/insidespaceships00adam
|url-access=registration
|year=1955
|place=New York
|publisher=Abelard-Schuman))

== External links ==
* [http://vault.fbi.gov/hottel_guy FBI Special Agent Guy Hottel's memo]

((UFOs))

[[Category:Flying saucers| ]]
[[Category:1940s neologisms]]
[[Category:Fictional spacecraft by type]]
[[Category:UFOs by type]]

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