Fongshan District[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] (Chinese: 鳳山區; Hanyu Pinyin: Fèngshān Qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Fòngshan Cyu; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hōng-soaⁿ-khu) is a district located in southern Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Fongshan is one of the administrative centers of Kaohsiung and is home to the Republic of China Military Academy. There are three military units currently located in Fongshan. Both the Republic of China Military Academy and R.O.C. Army Infantry School came to Taiwan from mainland China and were re-established here in 1950. Chung Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School was established in 1976. These three units used to be the main economic driving force, but their importance diminished gradually as Fongshan has established itself as a conjunction between Pingtung City and Kaohsiung.
Although there are several industrial zones at the outskirts of the city, the major lifestyle in Fongshan seems to be very residential. Many apartments were built near the Kaohsiung city center as a result of shifting economic weight. Like most of areas in Taiwan, it also has many night markets scattered around within the city. Most of the night markets run until 2:00 am. Some of them are open on different days of a week, but some others are open all year round. Some of them are temporary, while others have become permanent establishments.
History
During the Dutch era, the current location of Fongshan was called Pongsoya (see Linbian, Pingtung), a group of eight Makatao villages and one of the most populous areas of Taiwan.
Qing Dynasty
During Qing rule, Fengshan District (Formosa) [zh] included areas south of Tainan (then called "Taiwan-fu") and west of the mountains. In 1875, the southern part of Fongshan County was separated into Hengchun District [zh].
Empire of Japan
In 1901, during Japanese rule, Hōzan Chō (Japanese: 鳳山廳) was one of twenty local administrative offices established. According to the 1904 census, Hozan town had a population of 5,750, whereas Hozan District had a population 173,016.[10] In 1909, this unit was merged into Tainan Chō (臺南廳). From 1920 to 1945, under the prefecture system, Hōzan Town (鳳山街) was administered under Hōzan District, Takao Prefecture. After the colonial government started to develop Takao Harbor in the early 20th century, the importance of Fongshan declined.
Fongshan has a tropical climate. The average temperature is 23 °C (73.4 °F). The average precipitation is 1,500 to 2,000 millimeters (59 to 79 inches).
^ ab"Administrative Districts". Kaohsiung Municipal Government. 30 September 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2017. Fongshan District：
^"Water Resources Bureau". 高雄市政府 Kaohsiung City Government. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2020. Moreover, forward command center will be established in Fongshan, Cishan, and Gangshan when typhoon or torrential rain occurs in order to aggregate information and dispatch human resources.
^"Fongshan History". Welcome to Fongshan District Office. Retrieved 24 July 2019. On December 25, 2010, Kaohsiung City and County were consolidated, and the Office was renamed as Fongshan District Office of Kaohsiung City.
^Chen Yu-fu; Jonathan Chin (19 June 2019). "Commission researches White Terror-era prisons". Taipei Times. Retrieved 24 July 2019. The euphemistically named "Fongshan Guesthouse" (鳳山招待所) in Kaoshiung's Fongshan District (鳳山) is one of three intact prison facilities used in the city during the White Terror era, it said.
^1.7-鄉鎮市區戶口數 [Population for Township and District]. Ministry of the Interior (in Chinese (Taiwan) and English). August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020. 鳳山區 Fongshan District 26.7590 144,316 359,835 175,699 184,136 95.42 2.49 13,447
1 The provinces are merely retained as nominal entities within the constitutional structure, as they have no governing power following the formal dissolution of the provincial administrative organs in 2018. Cities and counties are de facto regarded as the principal constituent divisions of the ROC.
Sarah Shair-Rosenfield (November 2020). "Taiwan Combined"(PDF). The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
