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((Short description|Russian far-right extremist group))
((more citations needed|date=August 2016))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2023))
((Infobox political party
| country = Russia
| colorcode = #359B37
| name = Format18
| native_name = Формат18
| abbreviation = F18
| logo = Format18 logo (banned in Russia).png
| leader = [[Maxim Martsinkevich]] ''(Tesak)''
| foundation = End of ((Start date|2005|||))
| banned = ((Start date|2010|12|20|df=y))
| ideology = [[Neo-Nazism]]<br>[[Neo-fascism]]<br>[[Russian nationalism#Extremist nationalism|Russian]] [[ultranationalism]]<br>[[Anti-immigration]]<br>[[Anti-Semitism]]<br>[[Caucasophobia]]<br>[[Homophobia]]<br>[[Negrophobia|Anti-black sentiment]]
| position = [[Far-right]]
| split = [[People's National Party (Russia)|People's National Party]]
| national = [[National Socialist Society]]
| slogan = 
| flag = 
| colours = ((color box|#414141|border=darkgray)) [[Black]]<br>((color box|#359B37|border=darkgray)) [[Green]]
| website = format18.org (banned)
))
((Neo-Nazism in Russia))
'''Format18''' ('''F18'''; ((lang-ru|Формат18))) was a Russian [[neo-Nazi]] group based in the city of [[Moscow]]. It was led by [[Maxim Martsinkevich|Maxim Sergeyevich Martsinkevich]] (also known as ''Tesak''), and had close relations with the political party [[National Socialist Society]].<ref>[https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/russlandjagdschwule100.html "Grünes Licht für Jagd auf Schwule"]</ref><ref>((Cite journal|last=Macklin|first=Graham|date=2018|title='Only Bullets will Stop Us!' – The Banning of National Action in Britain|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26544646|journal=Perspectives on Terrorism|volume=12|issue=6|pages=104–122| jstor=26544646 |issn=2334-3745))</ref>

== Background ==
Format18 was initially formed under the name "Creative Studio Format-18" sometime during the end of 2005 in [[Moscow]] by Russian [[racist skinhead]] [[Maxim Martsinkevich]].<ref>((cite web | url=https://kharkovchane.ru/cs/tesak-v-detstve-biografiya-maksima-marcinkevicha-ultrapravye-organizacii-v-zhizni-maksima-marcinkevi/ | title=Cleaver jako dítě. Životopis Maxima Martsinkeviče. Ultrapravicové organizace v životě Maxima Martsinkevicha ))</ref><ref>((cite news | url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/russian-skinheads-abuse-gays-and-post-video-to-social-networks-a-933549.html | title=Russian Skinheads Abuse Gays and Post Video to Social Networks | newspaper=Der Spiegel | date=14 November 2013 | last1=Bidder | first1=Benjamin ))</ref> The number "18" in the group's name was selected as an alphanumeric code which corresponds to "AH", the initials of [[Adolf Hitler]] – with "A" being the 1st letter of the [[Latin alphabet]] and "H" being the 8th.<ref>((cite web | url=https://anticompromat.panchul.com/skiny/f18.html | title=Антикомпромат. Формат-18 ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://www.sova-center.ru/en/xenophobia/news-releases/2014/04/d29316/ | title=Criminal cases against Tesak / SOVA ))</ref>

The site was initially intended as an [[internet forum]] for Russian neo-Nazis, but Martsinkevich and his fellow neo-Nazi associates eventually started to upload their own [[video blog]]s to the site that discussed the far-right subculture, weightlifting, and paramilitary training. They would also interview bystanders about their views on the presence of non-Slavic immigrants in the Russian Federation. Martsinkevich also published videos of him and other Russian white supremacists promoting hatred towards [[Afro-Russians]] and [[antifascists]] – sometimes portrayed in fictional acting scenarios.<ref>((cite web | url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_38115.htm | title=Тесаку нарастили срок. – Компромат.Ру / Compromat.Ru ))</ref>

Maxim Martsinkevich, along with many other individuals affiliated with Format18 had a reputation for recording numerous attacks and even some murders that were carried out on ethnic minorities, immigrants, non-Russians, transients, [[prostitutes]], and similar victims alike. Additionally, its members would film humiliating interviews of their political opponents (typically militant [[Post–World War II anti-fascism|antifascists]], [[leftists]], and homosexuals) while subjecting them to degradation and abuse. Videos featured on the F18 website were often sold and distributed by the group for profit.<ref>((cite web | url=https://ovdinfo.org/articles/2014/11/13/osuzhdennyy-ne-za-prestupleniya | title=Осужденный не за преступления ))</ref> It was such types of controversial content that organization attracted widespread attention for.<ref>((cite web | url=http://anticompromat.panchul.com/skiny/f18.html | title=Антикомпромат. Формат-18 ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://antifascist-europe.org/russia/a-brief-history-of-far-right-movements-in-russia/ | title=A Brief History of Far-Right Movements in Russia | date=19 January 2022 ))</ref>

A vast selection of far-right [[Music and politics|political music]] by various neo-Nazi bands and [[White power music|white power artists]] were also available for purchase.<ref>((cite web | url=http://www.compromat.ru/page_42070.htm | title=Тесак в лесу резал "черножопым" головы, в тюрьме ему отрезали яйца током. – Компромат.Ру / Compromat.Ru ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://www.zaks.ru/amp/archive/view/76333 | title=Суд запретил деятельность неонацистской группировки "Формат-18" : новости Федеральные : ЗакС.Ру ))</ref> Many of these songs can be heard playing in the background of the videos that were uploaded.<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/12/world/europe/12moscow.html | title=Video Draws Attention to Growing Violence Against Minorities in Russia | newspaper=The New York Times | date=12 June 2008 | last1=Schwirtz | first1=Michael ))</ref><ref>((cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI5XDwAAQBAJ&dq=Shamil+Odamanov+%22music%22&pg=PT434 | title=Killing for culture: From Edison to ISIS: A New History of Death on Film | isbn=9781909394353 | last1=Kerekes | first1=David | last2=Slater | first2=David | date=3 June 2016 | publisher=SCB Distributors ))</ref>

== Dissolution and legacy ==
Format18 was officially designated as an extremist organization in late 2010 by the [[Moscow City Court]] which resulted in the banning of the group and removal of the ''format18.org'' website.<ref>((cite web | url=https://biography.wikireading.ru/hmX5drjl7K | title=Формат-18 . Русское движение за тридцать лет (1985-2015) &#91;Записки очевидца&#93; ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3280-russian-neo-nazis-admire-child-killer-breivik/ | title=Russian Neo-Nazis Admire Child Killer Breivik &#124; the Nordic Page ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://zaborona.com/en/russian-neo-nazi-tesak-found-dead-in-prison-zaborona-reports-on-how-he-influenced-the-development-of-far-right-violence/ | title=Russian Neo-Nazi Tesak Found Dead in Prison. Zaborona Reports on How He Influenced the Development of Far-right Violence | date=7 October 2020 ))</ref>

F18 are often credited with popularizing the trend of filming attacks on immigrants and subsequently uploading them to the internet, which has become a popular practice amongst Russian neo-Nazi circles.<ref>((cite web | url=https://vimeo.com/55633560 | title="From Russia with Hate" | date=14 December 2012 ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://observers.france24.com/en/20080805-neo-nazis-videos-violent-attacks-online-russia | title=Neo-Nazis flaunt videos of violent attacks online | date=5 August 2008 ))</ref>

Maxim Martsinkevich and Format18 are said to have been the inspiration behind the 2009 [[mockumentary]] film ''[[Russia 88]]''.<ref>((cite news | url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/russian-skinheads-abuse-gays-and-post-video-to-social-networks-a-933549.html | title=Russian Skinheads Abuse Gays and Post Video to Social Networks | newspaper=Der Spiegel | date=14 November 2013 | last1=Bidder | first1=Benjamin ))</ref>

The organization has been featured in several documentaries about neo-Nazis in Russia, including ''From Russia With Hate'', ''Credit For Murder'', and ''Ross Kemp on Gangs''.<ref>((cite web | url=https://vimeo.com/55633560 | title="From Russia with Hate" | date=14 December 2012 ))</ref><ref>((cite news | url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/27212573.html | title=Две педали Путина | newspaper=Радио Свобода | date=15 October 2016 | last1=Резунков | first1=Виктор ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://zaborona.com/en/the-national-policy-institute-has-compiled-a-dossier-accusing-sergei-korotkikh-of-working-for-russian-intelligence-services-the-dossiers-author-was-later-assaulted/ | title=The National Policy Institute has compiled a dossier accusing Sergei Korotkikh of working for Russian intelligence services. The dossier's author was later assaulted. Zaborona explains what it all means | date=21 January 2021 ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://reportingradicalism.org/en/dossiers/people/serhii-korotkykh | title=Serhii Korotkykh – Prominent Azov movement player and former police official – Reporting Radicalism in Ukraine ))</ref><ref>((cite web | url=https://documentaryheaven.com/ross-kemp-on-gangs-moscow/ | title=Ross Kemp on Gangs: Moscow | date=13 August 2012 ))</ref>

After the beginning of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the Format 18 battalion was formed in the [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]], it consists of former members of the Format 18.<ref>((cite web |title=UraganFormat18 |url=https://t.me/+k6sgqF9yvRljNjAy))</ref>((unreliable source|date=February 2024))

== See also ==
*[[Combat Organization of Russian Nationalists]]
* [[Combat Terrorist Organization]]
* [[National Socialism / White Power|NS/WP Crew]]
* [[National Socialist Society]]
* [[The Savior (paramilitary organization)]]
* [[Primorsky Partisans]]

==References==
<references/>

==Further reading==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=laWsAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Format+18%22+russia&pg=PA283 ''Politics Russia''], by Catherine Danks

== External links ==
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/15/world/europe/15russia.html?_r=0 Beheading and Shooting by Russian Neo-Nazis on Video], [[The New York Times]], 15 August 2007
*[http://www.anticompromat.org/skiny/f18.html Format18] on anticompromat.ru ((in lang|ru))
*[http://newtimes.ru/magazine/2007/issue022/doc-7943.html Тесак затупился]((Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes )) [[The New Times (Russia)|The New Times]] 9 July 2007 ((in lang|ru))
((Russian nationalism))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Far-right politics in Russia]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazi organizations]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazism in Russia]]
[[Category:Russian nationalist organizations]]

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