Fort Nelson may refer to:

Canada

• Fort Nelson, British Columbia, a town
• Fort Nelson River, British Columbia
• Fort Nelson (Manitoba) (1670–1713), an early fur trading post at the mouth of the Nelson River and the first headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company

United Kingdom

• Fort Nelson, Hampshire, England (built 1860–1867), a Palmerston Fort and present-day museum

United States

• Fort Nelson (Kentucky), built in 1781
• Fort Nelson (Virginia), first constructed in 1776