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((Short description|US Army fort in Texas, used 1852–1890s))
((good article))
((Use mdy dates|date=August 2022))
((Use American English|date=August 2022))
((Infobox NRHP
| name = Fort Phantom Hill
| image = Fort Phantom Hill Entrance.jpg
| caption = Fort Phantom Hill entrance
| nearest_city = [[Abilene, Texas]]
| coordinates = ((coord|32|38|38|N|99|40|41|W|display=inline,title))
| locmapin = Texas#USA
| map_label = Fort Phantom Hill
| locmap_relief = yes
| area = ((convert|20|acre))
| built = ((Start date|1851))
| added = September 14, 1972
| refnum = 72001367
))

'''Fort Phantom Hill''', also called the '''Camp on the Clear Fork''',((efn|name=fn1)) is a former [[United States Army]] installation located in [[Jones County, Texas]]. The fort was established in 1851 as part of a [[Forts of Texas|line of forts]] in [[Texas]] to protect migrants passing through the state on their way to [[California]]. The US Army abandoned the fort in 1854 and it was shortly thereafter mostly destroyed by fire. In 1858, it became a station of the [[Butterfield Overland Mail in Texas|Butterfield-Overland Mail route]] until it moved out of Texas with the beginning of the [[American Civil War]] in 1861. During the war, the fort was occupied by [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] frontier troops until the Confederacy's defeat and surrender. Following the US Army's return to Texas after the Civil War, Fort Phantom Hill was used as a [[wikt:subpost|subpost]] of the larger, newer [[Fort Griffin]] until 1875.

After its final abandonment in 1875, a town was established at Fort Phantom Hill that flourished in the 1870s and ceased to exist by 1900. Following the fort's purchase by John Guitar in 1928, there was renewed public interest in the fort that led to its opening to the public in 1972. In 1997, Fort Phantom Hill was transferred to the Fort Phantom Hill Foundation. The ruins of the fort were added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on September 14, 1972.

((TOC limit|3))

==Use as military outpost==
Fort Phantom Hill was established during the [[History of Texas|American colonization of Texas]],((sfn|Field|2006|p=5)) a process that began in the 1820s with the immigration of Anglo-Americans into [[Spanish Texas|Spanish]], later [[Mexican Texas|Mexican]], [[Texas]].((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Anglo-American Colonization)) After existing as an [[Republic of Texas|independent republic]] for a decade, Texas was annexed by the [[United States of America]] in 1845,((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Annexation)) which led to the start of the [[Mexican-American War]] the next year. The United States defeated Mexico, and in the [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo|treaty that ended the war]] in 1848, [[Mexican Cession|Mexico ceded]] what is presently the [[Southwestern United States]] in exchange for $15&nbsp;million (equivalent to $((Inflation|US|15|1848))&nbsp;million in ((Inflation/year|US))((Inflation/fn|US))).((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Mexican War)) The [[United States Army]] began to construct outposts and roads in Texas during the war to protect Anglo-American settlements in the state.((sfn|Uglow|2001|pp=8–9))((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=18–19)) In 1849, an unprecedented number of migrants began crossing Texas to reach [[California]] following the [[California Gold Rush|discovery of gold]] there.((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=12, 14))

Those migrants moved along routes such as the Marcy Trail,((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=12–14)) charted by [[Captain (United States)|Captain]] [[Randolph B. Marcy]] in 1849,((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Marcy, Randolph Barnes)) through the territory of the [[Plains Indians|indigenous peoples of the Great Plains]]. To protect those migrants, the US Army established a line of forts running for ((convert|800|mi)) from [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], in the northeast, to [[Fort Duncan]], in the southwest, in 1848–49 and then another, ((convert|200|mi)) west, from 1850 to 1852.((sfn|Field|2006|pp=4–5))((sfn|Robinson|1977|p=149)) The forts of this line – [[Fort Belknap (Texas)|Belknap]], [[Fort Chadbourne|Chadbourne]], [[Fort Clark, Texas|Clark]], [[Fort Davis National Historic Site|Davis]], [[Fort Mason (Texas)|Mason]], [[Fort McKavett State Historic Site|McKavett]], Phantom Hill, [[Fort Stockton, Texas|Stockton]], and [[Fort Terrett, Texas|Terrett]] – were established in the early 1850s at places Marcy recommended.((sfn|Uglow|2001|pp=10–11))((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill)) One of these locations was the [[Clear Fork Brazos River|Clear Fork]] of the [[Brazos River]], which Marcy erroneously noted in 1849 as possessing abundant water and game.((sfn|Wright|2013|p=27))

===Use as permanent garrison, 1851–1854===
In 1851, [[General (United States)|General]] [[William G. Belknap]], commander of the [[Seventh Military District]]—an area corresponding to the present states of [[Arkansas]] and [[Oklahoma]]((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Belknap, William Goldsmith))—visited the Brazos River valley with Marcy to find locations for outposts. Belknap began construction of what became Fort Belknap,((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=32–33)) and identified a nearby tributary, Pecan Bayou, as ideal for a second post on the Brazos.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill))((sfn|Wright|2013|p=33)) On November&nbsp;3, General [[Persifor Frazer Smith]], commander of the [[Department of Texas]],((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=37–38)) ordered that an outpost be created upon the "Phantom Hill" overlooking the Clear Fork,((sfn|Alexander|Utley|2015|p=71)) ((cvt|20|mi|sp=us)) from Pecan Bayou.((sfn|Wright|2013|p=38))

((Quotebox
|align=left
|salign=right
|width=15%
|text=I cannot believe that God ever intended white man to occupy such a barren waste.
|author=Lieutenant Clinton Lear, 5th Infantry, 1852((sfn|Alexander|Utley|2015|p=71))
))

On November&nbsp;14, 1851, five [[Company (military unit)|companies]] of the [[5th Infantry Regiment (United States)|5th Infantry Regiment]], commanded by [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]] [[John Joseph Abercrombie]], arrived on Phantom Hill and established the Camp on the Clear Fork of the Brazos, better known as Fort Phantom Hill.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill))((sfn|Frazer|1965|pp=156–57))((efn|name=fn1)) Construction of Fort Phantom Hill began immediately and lasted until June&nbsp;1852, and it was followed by the creation of a crude road to Fort Chadbourne, to the southwest.((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=48–51)) Construction and basic life at the fort was complicated by a lack of usable wood, water, game, and fertile soil. The garrison had to rely on food shipments from [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], ((convert|250|mi)) away, that were occasionally seized by indigenous peoples, and the garrison could not abate the water shortage even by digging an ((convert|80|ft|adj=on)) well.((sfn|Alexander|Utley|2015|p=74)) Pestilences such as [[tuberculosis]] and [[rheumatism]] and the poor supply of food and water also plagued the garrison.((sfn|Alexander|Utley|2015|p=74))((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=55–56))

Fort Phantom Hill and the other outposts of the US Army in Texas were unfortified [[cantonment]]s, where troops could recuperate after being on campaign.((sfn|Robinson|1977|pp=147, 149)) Before being razed, the fort buildings consisted of ''[[jacal]]es'' with the exception of the officers' quarters, built of timber, and the magazine, guardhouse, and commissary, built of stone.((Sfn|Wright|2013|pp=45–46))((sfn|Graham|1970|p=173)) Each building had a stone chimney. Stone was sourced from a quarry at the Elm Fork on the Brazos River while [[blackjack oak]] was transported from up to ((convert|40|mi)) away.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill)) The structures of the fort were arranged around a [[parade ground]]. Officers' quarters lined the north and east sides, opposite the enlisted men's barracks, while administrative structures stood on the west side. Additional buildings, such as the magazine and bakery, were located away from the parade ground and its surrounding structures.((sfn|Wright|2013|p=41))

On April&nbsp;27, 1852, Abercrombie was replaced as commander of Fort Phantom Hill by Lieutenant Colonel [[Carlos Waite]]. Waite was replaced by [[Major (United States)|Major]] [[Henry Hopkins Sibley]] on September&nbsp;23, 1853,((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=59–60))((sfn|Alexander|Utley|2015|p=76)) who oversaw the withdrawal from the post of four of its five companies and their replacement by a company of the [[2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)|2nd Dragoons]].((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill)) In August&nbsp;1853, the fort was inspected by [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] William G. Freeman, who found it and its garrison in poor condition.((sfn|Wright|2013|p=49)) The fort was ordered abandoned on April&nbsp;6, 1854,((sfn|Alexander|Utley|2015|p=77)) along with Forts Mason and Terrett.((sfn|Wright|2013|p=61)) Shortly after the garrison's departure, the fort was burned, probably by the departing soldiers.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill))((sfn|Alexander|Utley|2015|p=77))((sfn|Wright|2013|p=61))

===Subsequent use, 1854–1871===
Following Fort Phantom Hill's abandonment, it was still frequently visited by travelers and US Army troops. Among the latter was [[Robert E. Lee]], who as a lieutenant colonel of the 2nd Dragoons passed by the fort on June&nbsp;16, 1856, while in pursuit of the [[Comanche]] leader [[Sanaco]].((Sfn|Wright|2013|pp=63–64)) In February&nbsp;1861, [[Texas in the American Civil War|Texas seceded from the United States]] and joined the [[Confederate States of America]].((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Secession)) [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] [[David E. Twiggs]], commander of the Department of Texas since 1857,((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Twiggs, David Emanuel)) surrendered its equipment and installations in Texas to the Confederacy and abandoned the state as the [[American Civil War]] began.((sfn|Wright|2013|p=84))

On March&nbsp;4, 1861, [[LeRoy Pope Walker]], the Confederate Secretary of War, ordered career soldier [[Benjamin McCulloch]] to raise a volunteer force of ten companies to defend Texas's frontier. McCulloch passed the task to his brother, Colonel [[Henry Eustace McCulloch]], who distributed his forces across the former US Army installations in Texas.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: First Regiment, Texas Mounted Riflemen)) One of McCulloch's officers, Major [[James Buckner Barry]], stationed a portion of his command at Fort Phantom Hill.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill))((sfn|Wright|2013|p=85)) After a campaign against the Comanche in 1861 quieted the frontier,((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=85–86)) McCulloch's troops were sent to fight in the [[Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War|Trans-Mississippi theater]] as part of the [[1st Texas Cavalry Regiment]].((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: First Regiment, Texas Mounted Riflemen)) They were replaced with the Frontier Regiment, who also encamped at Fort Phantom Hill and were also increasingly pulled away from the frontier as the war continued.((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=86–87))((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Frontier Regiment))

===Use as satellite post, 1871–1875===
Confederate forces began to surrender to the federal government in 1865, heralding the end of the Civil War. In June, the remaining Confederate forces in Texas formally surrendered to the US Army, who reoccupied the state.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Civil War)) After initially ignoring Texans' concerns about indigenous raiding in favor of reoccupying prewar installations along the border with Mexico, the US Army returned to the frontier and began expanding its presence there in 1866–67.((sfn|Uglow|2001|pp=11–12))((sfn|Field|2006|p=6)) From 1869 until the end of the [[Red River War]] in 1875, Fort Phantom Hill's ruins were occupied several times by US Army troops as a subpost of [[Fort Griffin]], established in 1867 along the Clear Fork of the Brazos.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Griffin))((sfn|Uglow|2001|pp=106, 115–16))((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=92–94, 97–99))

==Civilian use==
White settlement in what became [[Jones County, Texas]], began in November&nbsp;1851 with Fort Phantom Hill and an [[Indian agent]] named Jesse Stem, who operated a farmstead near the fort until he was killed by [[Tonkawa]] natives in February&nbsp;1854.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Jones County))((sfn|Wright|2013|p=48)) As the fort neared completion, more settlers established themselves in the area but not in sufficient numbers to justify its retention by the US Army in 1854.((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=51, 62)) In 1858, three of the fort's stone buildings were repaired and used for a station of the [[Butterfield Overland Mail]] along its [[Butterfield Overland Mail in Texas|route through Texas]] until it moved out of the state with the beginning of the Civil War in 1861.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Jones County))((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=69–70)) Jones County was established on February&nbsp;1, 1858, and during the Civil War it suffered from raids by indigenous peoples that halted white settlement in the county for 15 years.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Jones County))

After the Red River War, a settlement was formed on Fort Phantom Hill's grounds that primarily serviced [[Bison hunting|buffalo hunters]] roaming the region. The town grew to a population of 546 and briefly was the Jones County [[County seat|seat]] in 1881, but when the [[Texas and Pacific Railway]] bypassed Phantom Hill in favor of [[Abilene, Texas|Abilene]], ((cvt|14|mi)) to the south, the town began a rapid decline. By 1900, the town had ceased to exist,((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill))((sfn|Alexander|Utley|2015|p=78))((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=107–108)) though the fort continued to be inhabited until at least 1913.<ref>((cite news|title=The Story of Fort Phantom Hill|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-houston-post-the-story-of-fort-phant/125089723/|work=[[The Houston Post]]|date=March 30, 1913|page=26|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|access-date=June 6, 2023))</ref> From July&nbsp;1918 to August&nbsp;1919, test wells were dug near the fort by the Fort Phantom Hill Oil Company following the discovery of oil to the south in 1915.<ref>((Cite news|title=Syndicate Well Will Drill Deep Test Well at Abilene|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/fort-worth-star-telegram/125090473/|work=[[Fort Worth Star-Telegram]]|date=July 25, 1918|page=4|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|access-date=June 6, 2023))</ref><ref>((Cite news|title=Fort Phantom Hill Co Drilling at 194 Feet|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/el-paso-herald/125090339/|work=[[El Paso Herald]]|date=September 15, 1919|page=7|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|access-date=June 6, 2023))</ref>

==Preservation==
[[File:Fort Phantom Hill DSCN0509.jpg|thumb|right|Chimneys at Fort Phantom Hill]]

In 1928, the grounds of Fort Phantom Hill were purchased by John Guitar, who then sold the land in 1969 to his grandson, Jim Alexander. Guitar's purchase of the fort attracted the attention of Carl Coke Rister, a historian, professor at [[Hardin-Simmons University]], and secretary of the West Texas Historical Association, who wrote extensively about the fort to promote its preservation. In 1970, the fort was excavated by the Texas state archaeologist, Curtis Tunnell,((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=111–112)) and on September&nbsp;14, 1972, it was included on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] following its nomination by the [[Texas Historical Commission]] on January&nbsp;31, 1972.((sfn|National Park Service|1972|p=4)) The Alexanders opened the fort to the public in the same year and in 1997 they gifted its grounds to the Fort Phantom Foundation. Another, more complete excavation of the fort's grounds was carried out in 1998 by [[Texas Tech University]].((sfn|Wright|2013|p=115)) The [[Texas Department of Transportation]] constructed a rest stop along the southern edge of the fort's grounds in 2012.((sfn|Alexander|Utley|2015|p=78))

((As of|December 2022)), Fort Phantom Hill consists of three stone structures and 12 stone chimneys standing on a ((convert|38|acre|adj=on)) site.((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill))<ref name=aboutus/>

Four historical markers have been placed on the grounds of Fort Phantom Hill or its vicinity by the state of Texas. The first, placed in 1936, generally commemorated the fort and was replaced with another marker after the original disappeared in 2010.<ref>((cite web|title=Historical Marker — 5253002005|url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5253002005|work=Texas Historic Sites Atlas|publisher=[[Texas Historical Commission]]|access-date=March 5, 2023|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305140119/https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5253002005|url-status=live))</ref><ref>((cite web|title=Historical Marker — 5253002004|url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5253002004|work=Texas Historic Sites Atlas|publisher=[[Texas Historical Commission]]|access-date=March 5, 2023|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305140119/https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5253002004|url-status=live))</ref> Another marker, commemorating the fort's use by Confederate forces, was placed on the grounds of the [[Jones County Courthouse (Texas)|Jones County Courthouse]] in 1963.<ref>((cite web|title=Historical Marker — 5253002006|url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5253002006|work=Texas Historic Sites Atlas|publisher=[[Texas Historical Commission]]|access-date=March 5, 2023|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305140119/https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5253002006|url-status=live))</ref> A marker for the fort's graveyard was placed in the graveyard in 2019.<ref>((cite web|title=Historical Marker — 5000022676|url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5000022676|work=Texas Historic Sites Atlas|publisher=[[Texas Historical Commission]]|access-date=March 5, 2023|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305140121/https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5000022676|url-status=live))</ref>

==See also==
((Portal|National Register of Historic Places|Texas))
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Jones County, Texas]]
*[[Texas Forts Trail]]

==Notes==
((Notelist|notes=
((efn|name=fn1|According to Wright and the ''[[Handbook of Texas]]'', Fort Phantom Hill was referred to in Army correspondence as the "Post on the Clear Fork of the Brazos".((sfn|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill))((sfn|Wright|2013|pp=52–53)) Frazer states that the post was known officially as either Fort Phantom Hill and the Camp on the Clear Fork.((sfn|Frazer|1965|p=157))))
))

===References===
((Reflist|refs=

<ref name=aboutus>((Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://fortphantom.org/about-us/|website=fortphantom.org|publisher=Fort Phantom Hill Foundation|access-date=March 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209025738/https://fortphantom.org/about-us/|archive-date=December 9, 2022|url-status=live))</ref>
))

===Sources===
* ((cite web|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/opastorage/live/28/9727/40972728/content/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_TX/72001367.pdf|title=Fort Phantom Hill (National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination)|date=January 1972|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|ref=((sfnref|National Park Service|1972))))

==== Books and articles ====
* ((cite book|last1=Alexander|first1=Thomas E.|last2=Utley|first2=Dan K.|title=Echoes of Glory: Historic Military Sites Across Texas|year=2015|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-62349-337-0))
* ((Cite journal|last=Graham|first=Roy Eugene|title=Federal Fort Architecture in Texas during the Nineteenth Century|journal=[[The Southwestern Historical Quarterly]]|date=October 1970|volume=74|number=2|pages=165–188))
* ((cite book|last=Field|first=Ron|title=Forts of the American Frontier 1820–91: The Southern Plains and Southwest|series=Fortress|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]]|year=2006|isbn=978-1-84603-040-6))
* ((cite book|last=Frazer|first=Robert Walter|title=Forts of the West: Military Forts and Presidios, and Posts Commonly Called Forts, West of the Mississippi River to 1898|year=1965|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=9780806112503))
* ((Cite book|last=Robinson|first=Willard B.|title=American Forts: Architectural Form and Function|year=1977|publisher=[[Amon Carter Museum of American Art]]|isbn=978-0-25200-589-3))
* ((cite book|last=Uglow|first=Loyd|title=Standing in the Gap: Army Outposts, Picket Stations, and the Pacification of the Texas Frontier, 1866–1886|year=2001|publisher=[[Texas Christian University Press]]|isbn=978-0-87565-246-7))
* ((cite book|last=Wright|first=Bill|title=Fort Phantom Hill: The Mysterious Ruins on the Clear Fork of the Brazos River|year=2013|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press|State House Press]]|isbn=9781933337586))

==== Texas State Historical Association ====
* ((cite web|last=Anderson|first=H. Allen|title=Fort Phantom Hill|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/fort-phantom-hill|work=[[Handbook of Texas Online]]|orig-year=1976|date=October 22, 2020|access-date=August 17, 2022|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Phantom Hill))|archive-date=August 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817112938/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/fort-phantom-hill|url-status=live))
* ((cite web|last=Bauer|first=K. Jack|authorlink=K. Jack Bauer|title=Mexican War|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/mexican-war|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1952|date=March 22, 2016|access-date=August 18, 2022|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Mexican War))|archive-date=July 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708021302/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/mexican-war|url-status=live))
* ((Cite web|last=Buenger|first=Walter L.|authorlink=Walter L. Buenger|title=Secession|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/secession|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1952|date=February 24, 2021|access-date=March 4, 2023|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Secession))|archive-date=November 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106012938/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mgs02|url-status=live))
* ((cite web|last1=Cutrer|first1=Thomas W.|last2=Smith|first2=David Paul|title=Twiggs, David Emanuel|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/twiggs-david-emanuel|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1952|date=October 1, 1995|access-date=March 4, 2023|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Twiggs, David Emanuel))|archive-date=January 26, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126170152/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/twiggs-david-emanuel|url-status=live))
* ((cite web|last=Cutrer|first=Thomas W.|title=Marcy, Randolph Barnes|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/marcy-randolph-barnes|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1952|date=December 9, 2020|access-date=February 21, 2023|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Marcy, Randolph Barnes))|archive-date=February 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221072805/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/marcy-randolph-barnes|url-status=live))
* ((cite web|last=Cutrer|first=Thomas W.|title=Belknap, William Goldsmith|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/belknap-william-goldsmith|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1952|date=November 13, 2018|access-date=February 21, 2023|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Belknap, William Goldsmith))|archive-date=February 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221072808/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/belknap-william-goldsmith|url-status=live))
* ((Cite web|last=Dunnam|first=Robert|title=Frontier Regiment|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/frontier-regiment|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1952|date=November 16, 2009|access-date=March 4, 2023|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Frontier Regiment))|archive-date=March 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304100235/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/frontier-regiment|url-status=live))
* ((cite web|last=Henson|first=Margaret S.|authorlink=Margaret Henson|title=Anglo-American Colonization|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/anglo-american-colonization|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1995|date=January 4, 2021|access-date=August 18, 2022|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Anglo-American Colonization))|archive-date=July 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725095319/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/anglo-american-colonization|url-status=live))
* ((Cite web|last=Lynch|first=Vernon|title=Fort Griffin|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/fort-griffin|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1952|date=July 19, 2016|access-date=March 5, 2023|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Fort Griffin))|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305124530/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/fort-griffin|url-status=live))
* ((cite web|last=Neu|first=C. T.|title=Annexation|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/annexation|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1976|date=November 1, 1994|access-date=August 18, 2022|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Annexation))|archive-date=October 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019200602/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/annexation|url-status=live))
* ((Cite web|last=Odintz|first=Mark|title=Jones County|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/jones-county|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1976|date=November 11, 2020|access-date=March 3, 2023|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Jones County))|archive-date=August 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814194213/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/jones-county|url-status=live))
* ((cite web|last=Smith|first=David Paul|title=First Regiment, Texas Mounted Riflemen|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/first-regiment-texas-mounted-riflemen|work=Handbook of Texas Online|date=January 1, 1995|access-date=March 4, 2023|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: First Regiment, Texas Mounted Riflemen))|archive-date=March 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304100236/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/first-regiment-texas-mounted-riflemen|url-status=live))
* ((Cite web|last=Wooster|first=Ralph A.|editor-last=Derbs|editor-first=Brett J.|title=Civil War|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/civil-war|work=Handbook of Texas Online|orig-year=1952|date=May 26, 2021|access-date=March 5, 2023|ref=((sfnref|Handbook of Texas Online: Civil War))|archive-date=March 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305124550/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/civil-war|url-status=live))

==External links==
((Commons))
*((official website|http://www.fortphantom.org/))

((Butterfield6))

((authority control))

[[Category:Reservoirs in Texas]]
[[Category:Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas|Phantom Hill]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Jones County, Texas]]
[[Category:Butterfield Overland Mail in Texas]]
[[Category:Texas in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jones County, Texas]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Jones County, Texas]]
[[Category:Stagecoach stops in the United States]]

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