Four Seasons Hotels Limited, trading as Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, is a Canadian luxury hotel and resort company[3] headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.[4] Four Seasons currently operates more than 100 hotels and resorts worldwide.[5] Since 2007, Bill Gates (through Cascade Investment) and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal (through Kingdom Holding Company) have been majority owners of the company.[6] As of January 2022, Cascade Investment owns 71.25% and Kingdom Holding Company owns 23.75%.[7]
Canadian businessman Isadore Sharp founded Four Seasons in 1960. While a young architect working for his father, Sharp designed a motel for a family friend; its success motivated him to try creating his own hotel. He bought a large parcel of land in a run-down area of Toronto and planned a stopover for business travelers; the Four Seasons Motor Hotel opened in 1961 with initial investors, Murray Koffler, Fred Eisen, and Eddie Creed.[8]
Four Seasons built more hotels, including the 1963 Inn on the Park, a $4 million two-story resort hotel in suburban Toronto that housed Canada's first discothèque.[9][10]
Upscale luxury became part of the brand when the company expanded to London. When a developer approached Four Seasons about building a hotel in London, Sharp planned it to compete with the city's old-world, elite hotels, such as Claridge's and The Connaught.[4] The Inn on the Park hotel in London opened in 1970.[5]
The lead consultant was the architecture firm Aedas.[11]
In 1974, cost overruns at the Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver nearly led the company into bankruptcy. As a result, the company began shifting to its current, management-only business model, eliminating costs associated with buying land and buildings. The company went public in 1986.[5] In the 1990s, Four Seasons and Ritz-Carlton began direct competition, with Ritz-Carlton emphasizing a uniform look while Four Seasons emphasized local architecture and styles with uniform service; in the end Four Seasons gained market share.[5]
Built in 1986,[12][13] Four Seasons Hotel Austin is a nine-story hotel on 2.3 acres (0.93 ha) of land on the Lady Bird Lake's north shore.[14] In 1997, Four Seasons Hotel Austin became the first hotel to have "a high-speed wireless Internet network" after Wayport, Inc. set it up there for testing wireless Internet networks.[15] The hotel hosted Queen Elizabeth II in 1991 when she visited Texas.[16] It was acquired by Anbang Insurance Group from the Blackstone Group for $359.7 million in 2016.[14]
In 1992, Four Seasons acquired Regent Hotels & Resorts.[17] Most Regent hotels that were in the pipeline at the time, such as the ones in Bali and Istanbul, were opened as a Four Seasons, while the existing portfolio, such as the Beverly Wilshire, were allowed to temporarily retain the Regent brand until they have achieved the criteria to become a Four Seasons.[18]Carlson acquired the rights to develop new hotels under the Regent brand in 1998, and by the mid-2000s, most of the older Regent properties have rebranded into Four Seasons, with the notable exception of Regent Singapore. In the wake of Regent's purchase by IHG Hotels & Resorts in 2018, Four Seasons announced that it would cease its management of Regent Singapore, therefore ending the company's 26-year-long association with the name.[19]
Economic downturns in the early and mid-2000s affected the company. When the September 11 attacks caused the collapse of the travel industry, Four Seasons refused to cut room prices in order to preserve the perceived value of the brand, which caused tension with property owners who were losing money.[5] The company recovered, and in 2007 it agreed to a buyout by Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates and Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal of Saudi Arabia for $3.8 billion.[20] The pair own 95 percent of the company, in equal shares, and Sharp owns the rest.[5]
Challenges returned again during the financial crisis of 2007–2010. The company made the first corporate layoffs in its history, cutting 10% of its Toronto workforce.[5] In April 2010, after a year-long dispute with Broadreach Capital Partners and Maritz, Wolff & Co., owners of the Aviara resort near San Diego, an arbitration panel ruled that, while both parties contributed to the demise of the business relationship, Four Seasons had not violated its management agreement. The arbitrators ordered Broadreach to pay Four Seasons to terminate the contract."[21] The resort is no longer a Four Seasons.
Four Seasons has continued to add more hotels and resorts to its portfolio, notably in China. It opened a new hotel in Hangzhou in 2010 and Guangzhou, Beijing, and a second property in Shanghai in 2012. In India, it has one hotel in Mumbai.[22] In 2013, it opened its first hotel in Russia in the Lobanov-Rostovsky Palace in St. Petersburg, and later opened a second hotel in Moscow. In Indonesia, it has one hotel in Jakarta and another two in Bali.
In October 2012, Four Seasons opened a new 259 room Toronto hotel in Yorkville, designed by internationally known design firm Yabu Pushelberg. The hotel includes an upscale restaurant led by celebrity chef Daniel Boulud. It was hailed by The Globe and Mail as "the renewal of an iconic Canadian brand in its hometown".[23] The penthouse was bought by entrepreneur Robert Österlund (founder of Xacti, LLC and Inbox.com) for a Canadian record price of over $28 million.[24]
In 2009, founder Sharp wrote a memoir titled Four Seasons: The Story of Business Philosophy. It contained a historical chronicle of the hotels since its inception.[25]
In September 2021, Cascade announced it will increase its existing 47.5% stake to 71.25% by purchasing, for $2.21 billion in cash, half of the existing 47.5% stake owned by the Saudi Kingdom Holding Company (KHC).[26]
Four Seasons does not own any of its properties;[27] it operates them on behalf of real estate owners and developers. For example, its New York Downtown hotel/residence is owned by Silverstein Properties, and its Las Vegas hotel is part of the Mandalay Bay complex. The contracts between Four Seasons and property owners typically permit the company to participate in the design of the property and run it with nearly total control over every aspect of the operation.[5]
Four Seasons generally earns three percent of the gross income and about five percent of profits from the properties it operates. Property owners are required to additionally contribute money for marketing, chain-wide sales, reservations systems and renovations. Four Seasons hotels have larger staffs than competing chains, and the company maintains separate reserve accounts for each hotel to cover upkeep costs. Profit margins are relatively low, but the brand attracts developers through the hotels' reputation as solid assets for loan collateral or resale.[5]
Residential rentals
Interior of the Four Seasons Hotel and Resort in MacauFour Seasons Hotel and Tower in Miami, FloridaFour Seasons Hotel in Florence, in the historic Palazzo della Gherardesca
Residential Rentals provide the same services as Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts in a residential setting. Customers are mainly multi-generational vacationers and small group travellers.[28]
The first stand alone Four Seasons Private Residences opened in London at 20 Grosvenor Square, Mayfair in July 2019. It will be the third Four Seasons venue in London.[29]
Locations
North America and the Caribbean
Four Seasons has a total of 52 hotels in North America and the Caribbean:
Four Seasons Hotel Berlin, Germany: Opened in 1996, management terminated in 2004. It was subsequently rebranded Regent Berlin.[165]
Four Seasons Hotel Damascus, Syria: Opened in 2005 and financed by Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal (who is a joint stakeholder at the company) and Syrian businessman Samer Foz. The hotel remained affiliated with the hotel chain years after the start of the Syrian Civil War, which saw Canada severing ties with Syria, until 2019, when the United States put sanctions on Foz for his ties with Bashar Al-Assad. The hotel continues to call itself Four Seasons, despite no longer being associated with it.[166]
Four Seasons Hotel Jakarta, Indonesia: Opened in 1995 as Regent Jakarta, a Four Seasons Hotel, the hotel was rebranded a proper Four Seasons in 2004. The hotel was closed in 2014, initially for renovations that were expected to be completed by 2018.[168] However, it never reopened as a Four Seasons again. Management of the hotel was eventually assumed by Marriott International, which rebranded it as The St. Regis Jakarta in 2022.[169] The name "Four Seasons Hotel Jakarta" now refers to another hotel that the chain opened in 2016.
Four Seasons Hotel Moscow, Russia: Opened in 2014 on top of a demolished hotel called Hotel Moskva, which operated from 1935 to 2004. Like its counterpart in Saint Petersburg, it left the chain following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, but continues to call itself Four Seasons.[170]
Four Seasons Hotel Sao Paulo, Brazil: Opened in 2018, management terminated in 2020. Marriott International assumed partnership with the hotel in 2022 and rebranded it as JW Marriott Sao Paulo.[173]
Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai, China: Opened in 2002 as the first Four Seasons hotel in China. In 2020, the company announced that the hotel would be closed for renovations, which commenced in June 2022. It has since been delisted from the company's website, making its future uncertain.[174]
Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai Pudong, China: Opened in 2012. Management was taken over by IHG Hotels & Resorts in 2020, which rebranded it Regent Shanghai Pudong.[175]
Four Seasons Hotel Tokyo at Chinzan-so, Japan: Opened in 1992. It was the first Four Seasons Hotel to open in Asia and Pacific region, but it left the chain in 2012. It is currently known as Hotel Chinzan-so Tokyo.
Four Seasons Hotel Toronto, Canada: Opened in 1978 as a rebranding of the former Hyatt Regency Toronto, which had opened six years prior. The hotel closed in 2012, in conjunction with the opening of a new Four Seasons property in Toronto nearby, and was converted to a condominium.[176]
Four Seasons Hotel Vancouver, Canada: Opened in 1976, it was one of the few Four Seasons hotel directly owned by the chain, as opposed to being operated on behalf of a third-party. After 44 years in service, the hotel closed in 2020 following a legal dispute with its landowners.[177]
Four Seasons Resort Great Exuma at Emerald Bay, the Bahamas: Opened in 2003 as part of the Great Exuma's Emerald Bay resort development, management was terminated in 2009. Several months later, it reopened as Sandals Emerald Bay.[179]
Inn on the Park, Toronto, Canada: Opened in 1963 as the company's first luxury hotel, a prototype to the Four Seasons brand. It suffered a decline in the 1980s, ultimately leaving the chain in 1996 and being converted to a Holiday Inn. The hotel closed in 2005 and has since been demolished.[9]
The Ritz-Carlton Chicago, a Four Seasons Hotel, United States: Opened in 1975, the hotel joined the Four Seasons chain in 1977. Despite its name, it was not originally affiliated with The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company (which did not exist at the time; the name "Ritz-Carlton" was carried under a license). It left the chain in 2013 before joining Marriott International in 2015, under which it began operating as a proper Ritz-Carlton.[181]
Ships
In September 2022, the Four Seasons announced it was launching Four Seasons Yachts, with its first super yacht scheduled to hit the high seas in 2025.[182] In June 2023, the company confirmed plans for a second ship due for delivery in 2026.[183]
In 2003, Four Seasons Explorer, a luxury three-deck catamaran with 11 rooms, began to sail in the Maldives. Visitors from the Maldives' two Four Seasons resorts, Kuda Huraa and Landaa Giraavaru, could either book rooms or charter the entire ship for trips that lasted from three to seven days.[184] After two decades, the ship left the Maldives in 2023 for Palau, where Four Seasons began offering tours at the end of that year.[185]
In recent years, restaurants at Four Seasons hotels and resorts have been recognized by Zagat and Michelin. The latter has awarded a total of 29 stars to 20 of the company's restaurants, including Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong (three restaurants), Paris (three restaurants), Beijing (two restaurants) and Florence.[191]
US$4.3 billion (2015)[1]
