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((Short description|New Zealand government led by Jim Bolger and Jenny Shipley respectively from 1990 to 1999))
((EngvarB|date=November 2017))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2017))
((more citations needed|date=June 2011))
((Infobox government cabinet
|cabinet_name = Fourth National Government
|cabinet_type = [[List of New Zealand ministries|Ministries]]
|cabinet_number          =
|jurisdiction = [[New Zealand]]|flag=Flag of New Zealand.svg
|flag_border =true
|incumbent = 1990–1999
|image =
|date_formed =  2 November 1990
|date_dissolved = 27 November 1999
|government_head = [[Jim Bolger]] (1990–1997)<br />[[Jenny Shipley]] (1997–1999)
|government_head_history =  
|deputy_government_head = [[Don McKinnon]] (1990–1996)<br />[[Winston Peters]] (1996–1998)<br />[[Wyatt Creech]] (1998–1999)
|state_head = [[Elizabeth II]]
|governor_general = Dame [[Catherine Tizard]] (1990–1996)<br />Sir [[Michael Hardie-Boys]] (1996–1999)
|current_number = 
|former_members_number = 
|total_number = 
|political_party = '''[[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] (1990–99)'''<br />[[New Zealand First]] (1996–98) <br />[[Mauri Pacific]] (1998–99) <br />[[Te Tawharau]] (1998–99) <br />[[Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata]] (1998–99)
|election = ((unbulleted list
| [[1990 New Zealand general election|1990 general election]]
| [[1993 New Zealand general election|1993 general election]]
| [[1996 New Zealand general election|1996 general election]]
))
|legislature_term = ((unbulleted list
| [[43rd New Zealand Parliament|43rd Parliament]]
| [[44th New Zealand Parliament|44th Parliament]]
| [[45th New Zealand Parliament|45th Parliament]]
))
|last_election = [[1999 New Zealand general election|1999 general election]] 
|opposition_party = [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]]
|opposition_leader = ((unbulleted list
| [[Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)|Mike Moore]] (1990–1993)
| [[Helen Clark]] (1993–1999)
))
|previous = [[Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand]]
|successor = [[Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand]]
|state_head_title = Monarch
|government_head_title = Prime Minister
|deputy_government_head_title = Deputy Prime Minister
))
The '''Fourth National Government of New Zealand''' (also known as the '''Bolger–Shipley Government''') was the [[Governments of New Zealand|government of New Zealand]] from 2 November 1990 to 27 November 1999. Following electoral reforms in the 1996 election, [[Jim Bolger]] formed a coalition with [[New Zealand First]].<ref>((cite web |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/34046/parties-making-up-parliament-1984-2017 |title=Parties making up Parliament, 1984–2017 – Labour Party – Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand |website=teara.govt.nz |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510115800/https://teara.govt.nz/en/interactive/34046/parties-making-up-parliament-1984-2017 |archive-date=2018-05-10))</ref> Following Bolger's resignation, the government was led by [[Jenny Shipley]], the country's first female Prime Minister, for the final two years.

For the first six years, the [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] governed alone under the leadership of Jim Bolger.  Extreme dissatisfaction with both National and [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]] led to the [[New Zealand electoral reform|reform of the electoral system]]: the introduction of [[proportional representation]] in the form of [[Mixed-member proportional representation|mixed-member proportional]] (MMP) representation. The first MMP election was held in 1996, and resulted in a coalition between National and [[New Zealand First]] in which Bolger continued as prime minister. Bolger was ousted in 1997 and replaced as National leader and prime minister by [[Jenny Shipley]]. The National/New Zealand First coalition dissolved in 1998,<ref name=dissolve>((cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/161937|title=The coalition crumbles|date=20 August 1998|newspaper=The Economist))</ref> and the consequent cobbling together of another coalition between National and the deserters of various parties contributed to the government's defeat in 1999.

Following in the footsteps of the previous [[Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand|Labour government]], the fourth National government embarked on an extensive programme of spending cuts. This programme, popularly known as "[[Ruthanasia]]" after Finance Minister [[Ruth Richardson]], involved the reduction of [[social welfare]] benefits and the introduction of fees for healthcare and tertiary education. This was highly controversial, as was the retention of the [[superannuation]] [[surtax]], a tax on old age pensions which National had promised to abolish. Also controversial, but in a different way, was the beginning of the [[Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements|Treaty settlement process]].

==Significant policies==

===Economic===
*''''Economic Reform''''
((main|Ruthanasia))
On taking power, National discovered that the [[Bank of New Zealand]] needed large and immediate government aid, and that outgoing Finance Minister [[David Caygill]]'s predictions of a small [[Economic surplus|surplus]] were very wrong. These problems gave Finance Minister [[Ruth Richardson]] the opportunity and [[caucus]] support for major cost-cutting.

Richardson's first budget, delivered in 1991 and named by the media as 'the mother of all budgets',<ref>Partially because Richardson was the first woman ever to deliver a New Zealand budget, and partially in reference to [[Saddam Hussein]]'s description earlier in the year of a battle in the [[Gulf War]] as 'the mother of all battles'.</ref> introduced major cuts in [[social welfare]] spending. Unemployment and other benefits were substantially cut, and 'market rents' were introduced for [[State housing in New Zealand|state houses]], in some cases tripling the rents of low-income people.<ref>((cite web 
|url= http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/we-call-it-home/the-state-steps-in-and-out 
|title=The state steps in and out – housing in New Zealand
|last= Ministry for Culture and Heritage
|work=New Zealand history online
|date= 29 February 2012
|access-date=9 July 2012))</ref> In combination with the high unemployment resulting from some of the 1980s reforms, this caused poverty to increase, and foodbanks and [[soup kitchens]] appeared in New Zealand for the first time since the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s.

The government also felt that market forces should be introduced into the running of hospitals, schools and universities. User charges were introduced in universities and hospitals for the first time, and educational institutes were instructed to compete with each other for students. Although not a policy as such, the government's retention of the superannuation [[surtax]] (a tax on pensions), despite promising to abolish it, was also significant. The attempt to introduce overnight fees of $50 for public hospitals was rescinded before the 1993 election.<ref>((cite web|url =  http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/hospitals/page-6|title = Linda Bryder, 'Hospitals – Hospital funding and patient entitlement', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|publisher = Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date=11 December 2019|df=dmy-all))</ref>

In some areas, governmental standards were relaxed in the expectation that market forces would assure quality via competition, such as in the Building Act 1991, which was seen as one of the steps leading to the [[leaky homes crisis]] in the following decade.

The government's economic programme became known as '[[Ruthanasia]]' was massively unpopular, especially following the equally dramatic reforms of the 1980s. As a result, the government came extremely close to losing the [[1993 New Zealand general election|1993 election]]. Subsequently, Richardson was replaced as Finance Minister by [[Bill Birch]] and left politics. National's period of major economic reform was over.

*'''Health reforms and hospital closures'''
One of the most ambitious and controversial aspects of the Fourth National Government's programme was the comprehensive overhaul of the public health system. The system of democratically elected Area Health Boards was abolished and replaced with Crown Health Enterprises (CHEs), run according to the prevailing [[new public management]] ethos that created an internal market for the provision of hospital services and required the CHEs to make a profit. The degree of corporatisation of hospital services was scaled back after the 1996 election.<ref>((cite web 
|url= http://www.parliament.nz/en-nz/parl-support/research-papers/00PLSocRP09031/new-zealand-health-system-reforms
|title=New Zealand health system reforms 
|last=Peter Quin 
|publisher=Parliamentary Library
|date=29 April 2009
|access-date=23 March 2013))</ref> Thirty-eight public hospitals were closed down during the term of the Fourth National Government.

*'''Sale of state-owned enterprises'''
((see also|State-Owned Enterprises of New Zealand))
The government continued the previous Labour government's controversial sale of [[State-owned enterprises]]. Following the near collapse of the [[Bank of New Zealand]] in 1990, the Bank was sold in 1992 to [[National Australia Bank]] Group. In 1993 the government sold [[Tranz Rail|New Zealand Rail Limited]] to a consortium led by [[Fay Richwhite|Fay, Richwhite and Company]] for $400&nbsp;million. In 1996 the government split the [[New Zealand Ministry of Works]] between consulting ([[Opus International Group]]) and construction ([[Works Infrastructure]]) arms, selling both branches. The same year the commercial arm of [[Radio New Zealand]] was sold to [[Clear Channel Communications|Clear Channel]] forming [[The Radio Network]]. In 1997 electricity generator [[Contact Energy]], formerly a part of the [[Electricity Corporation of New Zealand]] was floated on the [[New Zealand Stock Exchange]]. In 1998 the government sold its 51.6% share in [[Auckland International Airport]] by way of a public float. At that time, the Company had some 67,000 shareholders, mainly New Zealanders holding small parcels of shares.

The government also corporatised a number of government departments, or restructured state-owned enterprises with the intention of privatising them at a later date. For example, in 1998 the [[Electricity Corporation of New Zealand]] was divided into a further three generators, [[Meridian Energy]], [[Mercury Energy|Mighty River Power]] and [[Genesis Energy Limited|Genesis Power]]. In 1999 the [[Accident Compensation Corporation]] was exposed to competition, albeit only for one year. Plans to corporatise [[Transit New Zealand]] never came to fruition however.

*'''The Employment Contracts Act'''

This was a major overhaul of employment law, which abolished [[collective bargaining]] and seriously weakened the power of [[trade unions|unions]].

===Constitutional===
*'''Referendum'''
The government passed the [[Referendums in New Zealand#Citizens initiated referendums|Citizens Initiated Referenda]] Act 1993. This Act allowed for non-binding referendums to be held on the petition of citizens.
((see also|Referendums in New Zealand))
*'''Electoral reform'''
((main|New Zealand electoral reform))
By 1990, many New Zealanders were already seriously dissatisfied with their [[First Past the Post]] (FPP) electoral system, which had twice (in [[1978 New Zealand general election|1978]] and [[1981 New Zealand general election|1981]]) led to a party losing the popular vote but winning the election. National's continuation of Labour's reforms despite a clear indication that the electorate was sick of reform intensified this feeling. National had promised a referendum on the electoral system, and having angered voters in so many other ways, felt that it would be unwise to break this promise. In the non-binding [[New Zealand voting method referendum, 1992|1992 referendum]] an overwhelming majority of those who voted opted to replace FPP with a form of [[proportional representation]], [[Mixed-member proportional representation|mixed-member proportional]] (MMP) representation. A binding referendum was held the following year in which a small majority voted for MMP. The first MMP election occurred in 1996; the Bolger government was returned, albeit in coalition with [[New Zealand First]].

===Treaty of Waitangi===
((main|Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements))
In 1985 the Labour government had enabled the [[Waitangi Tribunal]] to investigate breaches of the [[Treaty of Waitangi]] dating back to 1840. By the early 1990s the Tribunal had made some major reports, including those into the [[Waikato (iwi)|Waikato]]-[[Tainui]] and [[Ngāi Tahu]] claims. An [[Office of Treaty Settlements]] was established and substantial resources and sums of money were given to various [[iwi]] in compensation for past wrongs. An attempt was made in 1995 to bring the process to an end with a billion dollar 'fiscal envelope' which was to have settled all outstanding grievances in one go. However this was rejected by [[Māori people|Māori]].

===Foreign Affairs===
* A 32-strong army medical team was deployed to assist in the [[Gulf War]]. These troops were integrated into the U.S. Navy 6th Hospitable Fleet.<ref>No Author. "The Gulf War 1990–91." NZ Army. Last reviewed February 24th 2015. http://www.army.mil.nz/about-us/what-we-do/deployments/previous-deployments/the+gulf+war/default.htm</ref>

=== Defence ===

* In 1992, New Zealand sent nine military observers to join the [[United Nations]] peacekeeping force in [[Bosnian War|Bosnia]]. This was soon reinforced in 1994, by a 250 strong infantry company, supported by 25 M113 armoured personal carriers, 10 unimog trucks and 21 land rovers. This was New Zealand's largest deployment of military personnel since the [[Vietnam War]]. In early January 1996, 200 New Zealand military personnel returned to New Zealand, while the remaining 50 were left to reconstitute equipment before returning to New Zealand in late January. Ultimately, New Zealand would remain involved in Bosnia through a small force of observers until mid-2007.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/operations/deployments/bosnia-herzegovina/factsheet.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327142408/http://www.nzdf.mil.nz/operations/deployments/bosnia-herzegovina/factsheet.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-03-27|title=NZDF – Fact Sheet, LOT|date=2009-03-27|access-date=2018-05-24))</ref>

===Social policy===
*'''Human Rights Act'''
In 1993, the [[New Zealand Human Rights Act|Human Rights Act]] was passed, outlawing discrimination on the grounds of sexuality. The government was excluded from the provisions of the Act, probably due to concern over the possibility of [[Same-sex marriage in New Zealand|gay marriage]]. Several National MPs, most prominently Police Minister [[John Banks (New Zealand politician)|John Banks]], opposed the Act on religious grounds.
*'''Work and Income'''
Following National's coalition with New Zealand First in 1996, the Department of Social Welfare and the [[New Zealand Employment Service]] were merged to form [[Work and Income New Zealand]] (WINZ). Alongside these reforms was the introduction of a work for the dole scheme, known as the community wage.
((see also|Social welfare in New Zealand))

===Environment===
*'''Resource management'''
The [[Resource Management Act 1991]] (RMA) completely overhauled New Zealand's system of planning. Originally drafted by former Labour Prime Minister and Environment Minister Sir [[Geoffrey Palmer (politician)|Geoffrey Palmer]] and continued by [[Simon Upton]] after Labour's electoral defeat, the RMA replaced many laws regarding the environment, zoning, land and water use and many other issues and provided one piece of legislation requiring developers (including state agencies) to have regard for environmental impacts and Māori and heritage values. Critics have since argued that the RMA gives too much power to opponents of development, who can slow down or halt projects even if they have no valid objections((Citation needed|date=November 2012)). Others have seen the RMA as a welcome means to prevent the destruction of sacred sites, heritage buildings and fragile ecosystems.

*'''Climate change'''
In September 1993, the Fourth National Government ratified the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] (the UNFCCC).<ref name="mfat">((cite web |url=http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Foreign-Relations/1-Global-Issues/Environment/2-Climate-Change/climate-change-framework.php#unfccc |title=International climate change framework – The UNFCCC |publisher=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|date=8 October 2009 |access-date=20 January 2010))</ref> In July 1994, four months after the UNFCCC came into force, the Fourth National Government announced a number of specific climate change policies. 
* a target of reducing ''net'' emissions to 1990 volumes by the year 2000;
* a target of slowing growth of ''gross'' emissions by 20%;
* increased carbon storage in plantation forests;
* energy sector reforms;
* an energy efficiency strategy and the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA)l
* renewable energy sources;
* use of the [[Resource Management Act 1991]]; and
* voluntary agreements with industry.
The Fourth National Government said that if emissions were not stabilised at 1990 levels by the year 2000, a low-level carbon charge would be introduced in December 1997.<ref>((cite web
|url=http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/ser/ser1997/html/chapter5.9.html
|title=Chapter 5: Responses to atmospheric change
|author=MfE
|work=State of New Zealand's Environment 1997
|publisher=Ministry for the Environment
|year=2007
|access-date=15 July 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314190226/http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/ser/ser1997/html/chapter5.9.html
|archive-date=14 March 2013
|url-status=dead
))</ref>

By 1996, the National Government had established a new target for the reduction of greenhouse gases. This was to have either no increase in 2000 net emissions of carbon dioxide from 1990 volumes or a 20% reduction if it was cost-effective and had no impact on trade.<ref>((cite web 
|url= http://www.beehive.govt.nz/feature/environment-2010-strategy 
|title=Environment 2010 Strategy 
|last=RT Hon Simon Upton 
|publisher=Ministry for the Environment
|date=24 July 1996
|access-date=12 July 2012))</ref>

On 22 May 1998, the National Government signed the [[Kyoto Protocol]] to the UNFCCC. As an Annex B party, the National Government agreed to commit to a target of limiting greenhouse gas emissions for the five-year 2008–2012 commitment period (CP1) to five times the 1990 volume. New Zealand may meet this target by '''either''' reducing emissions '''or''' by obtaining carbon credits from the international market or from domestic carbon sinks.<ref name="mfatkp">((cite web
 |url=http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/03-Treaty-making-process/National-Interest-Analyses/0-Kyoto-Protocol-Part-I.php#obligations 
 |title=The Kyoto Protocol 
 |publisher=New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade 
 |date=16 July 2007 
 |access-date=1 January 2010 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305162952/http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Treaties-and-International-Law/03-Treaty-making-process/2-National-Interest-Analyses/0-Kyoto-Protocol-Part-I.php
 |archive-date=5 March 2012
 |url-status=dead
))</ref><ref>((cite web 
|url= http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/climate/international/kyoto-protocol.html 
|title=The Kyoto Protocol 
|publisher=Ministry for the Environment 
|date= 15 April 2010 
|access-date=1 July 2012))</ref>

==Formation==
((Main|1990 New Zealand general election))
[[Jim Bolger]], leader of the National Party since 1986, led the party to a [[landslide victory]] in the 1990 general election, winning nearly half the popular vote and more than two-thirds of the seats in parliament—the biggest majority government in New Zealand history. However, the result can be seen more as a rejection of the [[Fourth Labour Government of New Zealand|fourth Labour government]] than an endorsement of National. The Labour government had enacted sweeping economic and social reforms but the extent of these had split the party, causing serious public conflict between senior government members, and two leadership changes in a year and a half. This combined with a widespread feeling that the reforms had gone far enough to ensure a change of government. Having rejected reformist Labour, and having been led to believe that National would not follow in its footsteps, many voters were extremely angry when the new government went on to make further reforms along the same lines.

==1993 election==
((main|1993 New Zealand general election))
Amid growing voter dissatisfaction with both major parties and the [[first past the post]] electoral system, the 1993 election was held alongside a [[New Zealand voting method referendum, 1993|referendum on New Zealand's electoral system]]. The election saw National return to power with a one-seat [[Majority government|majority]], winning 50 seats, but only 35% of the popular vote, while Labour won 34.7% of the popular vote and 45 seats. [[Alliance (New Zealand political party)|Alliance]] and [[New Zealand First]], led by former Labour and National MPs respectively, gained 18.2% and 8.4% of the popular vote, but only two seats each. As a consequence of the referendum, New Zealand adopted the [[Mixed Member Proportional]] electoral system which would come into effect at the following election.

=== Second term government arrangements ===
((44th Parliament governments))

National's slim majority and the large number of defections from both major parties saw five different governing arrangements between 1993 and 1996. After convincing former Labour minister [[Peter Tapsell (New Zealand politician)|Peter Tapsell]] to take the non-voting [[Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives|Speaker]]'s position, National was able to govern alone until [[Ross Meurant]] left to form a new [[New Zealand Conservative Party|Right of Centre]] party (later the New Zealand Conservative Party). Right of Centre entered a coalition with National on 11 September 1994. On 8 June 1995, National MP [[Trevor Rogers (politician)|Trevor Rogers]] joined the Conservatives. The coalition was briefly supported by [[Peter Dunne]], who had left Labour to form the [[Future New Zealand (Dunne)|Future New Zealand]] party.<ref name="Boston">((cite book|last1=Boston|first1=Jonathan|last2=Levine|first2=Stephen|last3=McLeay|first3=Elizabeth|last4=Roberts|first4=Nigel S.|title=New Zealand Under MMP|date=1996|publisher=Auckland University Press|location=Auckland, New Zealand|isbn=1-86940-138-7|pages=94–96))</ref>

On 9 May 1995, [[Graeme Lee (politician)|Graeme Lee]] left National to form the [[Christian Democrat Party (New Zealand)|Christian Democrat Party]], but his [[confidence and supply]] kept the coalition in power as a 49-seat [[minority government]]. The coalition's seats were further reduced to 45 when a group of MPs, including Peter Dunne and defectors from Labour and National, formed the [[United Party (New Zealand)|United Party]] on 28 June 1995. However, United's support kept the coalition in power.<ref name="Boston"/>

The coalition collapsed in September 1995 when Ross Meurant was sacked by Jim Bolger for accepting a directorship of Prok bank, a Russian-owned bank in Vanuatu.<ref>((cite news|last1=Taylor|first1=Phil|title=Breaker Meurant|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10682462|access-date=18 March 2018|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=22 October 2010))</ref> Right of Centre continued to support National, who governed alone on 43 seats. National sought a coalition with United, which resulted in Peter Dunne becoming [[Minister of Revenue (New Zealand)|Minister of Revenue]] and [[Department of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)|Minister of Internal Affairs]] on 28 February 1996. With the additional support of Graeme Lee, this new coalition governed with a one-seat majority. However, the majority was lost when [[Peter McCardle]] and [[Michael Laws]] defected from National to [[New Zealand First]] in April 1996. Laws later resigned from parliament due to the [[Michael Laws#The "Antoinette Beck" Affair|Antoinette Beck affair]]. To avoid the need for a by-election in Laws' [[Hawkes Bay (New Zealand electorate)|Hawkes Bay]] electorate, Jim Bolger called for a general election slightly earlier than expected.

==1996 election==
((Main|1996 New Zealand general election))
This was New Zealand's first election under the Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) electoral system. Though National won the most seats, they lacked a majority. Potential coalitions with United and [[ACT New Zealand|ACT]] lacked the numbers needed to form a government. Other natural partners, such as the [[Christian Coalition (New Zealand)|Christian Coalition]] and the [[New Zealand Conservative Party|Conservative Party]], failed to win any seats. This made [[New Zealand First]], with 17 seats, the '[[kingmaker]]'. The election was held on 12 October 1996 however the government was not formed until 10 December.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10405278|title=A decade of MMP: 1996 election left country hanging|date=2006-10-10|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2018-05-25|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777))</ref>

New Zealand First was founded by [[Winston Peters]], a former National cabinet minister who had been dismissed by Jim Bolger in 1991 after criticising party policy.<ref name="Gulliver">((cite news|last1=Gulliver|first1=Aimee|title=Timeline: Winston Peters and Northland|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/66748067/timeline-winston-peters-and-northland|access-date=16 June 2017|publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]]))</ref> Prior to the election, he created the impression that he would not join a National-led government, but after months of negotiations with both National and Labour, Peters announced his party would enter into coalition with National. This angered many New Zealand First supporters, who believed they were voting for New Zealand First to help get rid of National. Peters justified his decision on the basis of National winning the most votes, but it is suggested that National was willing to grant more policy concessions than Labour. Peters became Deputy Prime Minister and was also made Treasurer, a newly created position superior to but co-existing with that of [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Finance Minister]]. Various other New Zealand First MPs were given Ministerial or Associate Ministerial positions. Ultimately the new government resulted in New Zealand First being given five Cabinet positions, with some outside Cabinet as well. Leader of the opposition [[Helen Clark]] spoke after announcement of the coalition which had been reached stating, "I think it is a disappointment to every New Zealander who voted for a government of change on October 12. I think many will see it as a betrayal and most will find it very difficult to understand."<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10405278|title=A decade of MMP: 1996 election left country hanging|date=2006-10-10|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=2018-05-25|language=en-NZ|issn=1170-0777))</ref>

===National–New Zealand First coalition===
<!--NOTE: [[Cabinet of New Zealand]] and other pages link to the above heading -->
Bolger and Peters appeared to have put their previous differences aside, and initially worked very well together.  However, strains began appearing in the coalition by 1997. Several New Zealand First MPs had gone into politics specifically to combat some of National's early 1990s policies, and were unhappy at being made to perpetuate them. [[Neil Kirton]], Associate Minister of Health, was particularly unhappy, and was fired from his position in 1997. He then led a campaign within New Zealand First to cancel the coalition and seek an arrangement with Labour. The strains increased when Health Minister [[Jenny Shipley]] staged a caucus room coup and ousted Bolger as National leader and prime minister.

By 1998, Peters had become aware that the coalition had cost New Zealand First so much support that it might not be returned to parliament in the following year's election. In August 1998, Shipley sacked Peters after a dispute over the privatisation of [[Wellington International Airport]].<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/shipley-sacks-rebel-minister-1171750.html|title=Shipley sacks rebel minister|author=David Barber|date=14 August 1998|work=The Independent))</ref> Peters tore up the coalition agreement soon afterwards.<ref name="dissolve" /> However several New Zealand First MPs, including deputy leader [[Tau Henare]] and most of the ministers, opted to leave the party and continue to support National. They, mostly now in a new party called [[Mauri Pacific]], with a renegade Alliance MP, [[Alamein Kopu]], formed a new coalition which allowed National to retain power until the 1999 election.

==Defeat==
((main|1999 New Zealand general election))
By 1999, National was holding onto power with the support of former New Zealand First and Alliance MPs. By contrast, Labour had established a friendly working relationship with the Alliance. Labour leader [[Helen Clark]] had improved her public image, while Shipley had difficulty connecting with the public. A series of minor scandals concerning National's management of various state organisations helped Labour win nearly 39% of the party vote and 49 seats, compared to National's 30.5% (39 seats). Potential National allies [[ACT New Zealand|ACT]] and [[United New Zealand|United]] won only nine seats and one seat, respectively. New Zealand First was severely punished at the polls, falling to only five seats.  It would have been ejected from parliament altogether had Peters not barely held onto Tauranga.

==Election results==
[[Mixed-member proportional representation|Mixed-member proportional]] (MMP) representation was introduced in the 1996 election, thus making comparisons between the first two and second two elections difficult.

{| width=95%
|-----
|align=center|'''Election'''
|align=center|'''Parliament'''
|align=center|'''Seats'''
|align=center|'''Total votes'''*
|align=center|'''Percentage'''
|align=center|'''Gain (loss)'''
|align=center|'''Seats won'''*
|align=center|'''Change'''
|align=center|'''Majority'''
|-----
|align=center|[[1990 New Zealand general election|1990]]
|align=center|[[43rd New Zealand Parliament|43rd]]
|align=center|'''97'''
|align=center|
|align=center|47.82%
|align=center|+3.82%
|align=center|'''67'''
|align=center|+27
|align=center|'''37'''
|-----
|align=center|[[1993 New Zealand general election|1993]]
|align=center|[[44th New Zealand Parliament|44th]]
|align=center|'''99'''
|align=center|
|align=center|35.05%
|align=center|-12.77%
|align=center|'''50'''
|align=center|-17
|align=center|'''1'''
|-----
|align=center|[[1996 New Zealand general election|1996]]
|align=center|[[45th New Zealand Parliament|45th]]
|align=center|'''120'''
|align=center|
|align=center|Nat 33.87%, NZF 13.35%
|align=center|Nat −1.18%
|align=center|'''Nat 44, NZF 17'''
|align=center|Nat −6
|align=center|'''1'''
|-----
|align=center|[[1999 New Zealand general election|1999]]
|align=center|[[46th New Zealand Parliament|46th]]
|align=center|'''120'''
|align=center|
|align=center|Nat 30.5%, NZF 4.26%**
|align=center|Nat −3.3%, NZF −9.09%
|align=center|'''Nat 39, NZF 5'''
|align=center|Nat −5, NZF −12
|align=center|-
|}

<small>* For 1996 and 1999 'votes' means party votes only. 'Seats' means both list and electorate seats.</small><br />
<small>** New Zealand First were not part of the government at the 1999 election, although several former New Zealand First MPs had formed a new coalition with National.</small>

==Prime ministers==
[[Jim Bolger]] was [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] for the first two and a half terms of this government. Late in 1997, [[Jenny Shipley]] [[1997 New Zealand National Party leadership election|challenged Bolger for the leadership of the National Party]]. Seeing that he no longer had the support of his party, Bolger resigned and Shipley became New Zealand's first female Prime Minister.

<gallery class="center" caption="Prime Ministers of the Fourth National Government">
File:Jim Bolger at press conference retouched.jpg|[[Jim Bolger]]<br />served 1990–97
File:Jenny Shipley 2013 (crop).jpg|Dame [[Jenny Shipley]]<br />served 1997–99
</gallery>

==Cabinet Ministers==
((main|Cabinet of New Zealand))

{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! scope="col"| Portfolio
! scope="col"| Minister
! scope="col" colspan="2"| Party
! scope="col"| Start
! scope="col"| End
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"| [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]]
| ((sortname|Jim|Bolger))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 8 December 1997
|-
| ((sortname|Jenny|Shipley))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|8 December 1997))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand|Deputy Prime Minister]]
| ((sortname|Don|McKinnon))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Winston|Peters))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand First))|
| NZ First
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 14 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|Wyatt|Creech))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|14 August 1998))
| 5 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Minister of Agriculture (New Zealand)|Minister of Agriculture]]
| ((sortname|John|Falloon))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 29 February 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Lockwood|Smith))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|29 February 1996))
| 26 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|John|Luxton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|26 August 1998))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"| [[Attorney-General (New Zealand)|Attorney-General]]
| ((sortname|Paul|East))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 5 December 1997
|-
| ((sortname|Doug|Graham))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|5 December 1997))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! scope="row"| [[Minister of Broadcasting, Communications and Digital Media|Minister of Broadcasting]]
| ((sortname|Maurice|Williamson))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row"| [[Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management (New Zealand)|Minister for Civil Defence]] 
| ((sortname|Graeme|Lee|Graeme Lee (politician)))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 29 November 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Warren|Cooper))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|29 November 1993))
| 1 March 1996
|-
| ((sortname|John|Banks|John Banks (New Zealand politician)))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 March 1996))
| 1 November 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Murray|McCully))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 November 1996))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Jack|Elder|dab=politician))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand First))|
| NZ First
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 10 December 1999 
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Minister of Commerce and Consumer Affairs|Minister of Commerce]]
| ((sortname|Philip|Burdon))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 1 March 1996
|-
| ((sortname|John|Luxton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 March 1996))
| 31 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|Max|Bradford))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|31 August 1998))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Minister of Conservation (New Zealand)|Minister of Conservation]] 
| ((sortname|Denis|Marshall|Denis Marshall (politician)))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 30 May 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Simon|Upton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|30 May 1996))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Nick|Smith|Nick Smith (New Zealand politician)))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage|Minister for Culture and Heritage]]
| ((sortname|Doug|Graham))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Christine|Fletcher))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 12 September 1997
|-
| ((sortname|Simon|Upton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|12 September 1997))
| 31 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|Marie|Hasler))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|31 August 1998))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row"| [[Minister of Customs (New Zealand)|Minister of Customs]]
| ((sortname|Wyatt|Creech))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 1 July 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Murray|McCully))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 July 1993))
|  16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Neil|Kirton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand First))|
| NZ First
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 12 September 1997
|-
| ((sortname|Tuariki|Delamere))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand First))|
| NZ First
| ((dts|12 September 1997))
| 31 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|John|Luxton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|31 August 1998))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Minister of Defence (New Zealand)|Minister of Defence]]
| ((sortname|Warren|Cooper))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|26 August 1998))
| 1 March 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Paul|East))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 March 1996))
| 5 December 1997
|-
| ((sortname|Max|Bradford))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|5 December 1997))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Minister of Education (New Zealand)|Minister of Education]]
| ((sortname|Lockwood|Smith))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 1 March 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Wyatt|Creech))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 March 1996))
| 31 January 1999
|-
| ((sortname|Nick|Smith|Nick Smith (New Zealand politician)))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|31 January 1999))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Minister of Energy and Resources (New Zealand)|Minister of Energy]]
| ((sortname|John|Luxton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 2 March 1994
|-
| ((sortname|Doug|Kidd))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 March 1994))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Max|Bradford))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! scope="row"| [[Ministry for the Environment (New Zealand)|Minister for the Environment]]
| ((sortname|Simon|Upton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)|Minister of Finance]] 
| ((sortname|Ruth|Richardson))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 29 November 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|Birch))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|29 November 1993))
| 1 February 1999
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|English))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 February 1999))
| 22 June 1999
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|Birch))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|22 June 1999))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"| [[Minister of Fisheries (New Zealand)|Minister of Fisheries]]
| ((sortname|Doug|Kidd))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|John|Luxton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! scope="row"| [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| ((sortname|Don|McKinnon))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Minister of Forestry (New Zealand)|Minister of Forestry]]
| ((sortname|John|Falloon))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Lockwood|Smith))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 31 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|John|Luxton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|31 August 1998))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="5" scope="row"| [[Minister of Health (New Zealand)|Minister of Health]]
| ((sortname|Simon|Upton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 27 March 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|Birch))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|27 March 1993))
|  29 November 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Jenny|Shipley))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts| 29 November 1993))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|English))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 2 February 1999
|-
| ((sortname|Wyatt|Creech))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 February 1999))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"| [[Minister of Housing and Urban Development|Minister of Housing]]
| ((sortname|John|Luxton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 29 November 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Murray|McCully))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|29 November 1993))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Minister of Immigration (New Zealand)|Minister of Immigration]] 
| ((sortname|Bill|Birch))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 27 March 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Maurice|McTigue))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|27 March 1993))
| 29 November 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Roger|Maxwell))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|29 November 1993))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Tuariki|Delamere))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand First))|
| NZ First
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Minister of Internal Affairs (New Zealand)|Minister of Internal Affairs]] 
| ((sortname|Graeme|Lee|Graeme Lee (politician)))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 28 November 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Warren|Cooper))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|28 November 1993))
| 29 February 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Peter|Dunne))
| bgcolor=((party color|United New Zealand))|
| United
| ((dts|29 February 1996))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Jack|Elder|dab=politician))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand First))|
| NZ First
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! scope="row"| [[Minister of Justice (New Zealand)|Minister of Justice]]
| ((sortname|Doug|Graham))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Minister of Labour (New Zealand)|Minister of Labour]]
| ((sortname|Bill|Birch))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 3 October 1991
|-
| ((sortname|Christine|Fletcher))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|27 March 1993))
| 21 December 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Doug|Kidd))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|21 December 1993))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Max|Bradford))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Leader of the House (New Zealand)|Leader of the House]] 
| ((sortname|Paul|East))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 27 March 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Don|McKinnon))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|27 March 1993))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Wyatt|Creech))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 31 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|Roger|Sowry))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|31 August 1998))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Minister of Māori Affairs]] 
| ((sortname|Winston|Peters))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 2 October 1991
|-
| ((sortname|Doug|Kidd))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 October 1991))
| 6 November 1993
|-
| ((sortname|John|Luxton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|6 November 1993))
| 12 October 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Tau|Henare))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand First))|
| NZ First
| ((dts|12 October 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Minister of Police (New Zealand)|Minister of Police]] 
| ((sortname|John|Banks|John Banks (New Zealand politician)))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 2 March 1994
|-
| ((sortname|John|Luxton))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 March 1994))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Jack|Elder|dab=politician))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand First))|
| NZ First
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 31 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|Clem|Simich))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|31 August 1998))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Minister of Railways (New Zealand)|Minister of Railways]]
| ((sortname|Doug|Kidd))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 3 October 1991
|-
| ((sortname|Maurice|McTigue))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|3 October 1991))
| 1 July 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Wyatt|Creech))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 July 1993))
| 21 December 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Philip|Burdon))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|21 December 1993))
| 2 March 1994
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row"| [[Minister of Revenue (New Zealand)|Minister of Revenue]] 
| ((sortname|Wyatt|Creech))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 1 March 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Peter|Dunne))
| bgcolor=((party color|United New Zealand))|
| United
| ((dts|1 March 1996))
|  16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|Birch))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts| 16 December 1996))
| 31 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|Max|Bradford))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|31 August 1998))
| 1 February 1999
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|English))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 February 1996))
| 22 June 1999
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|Birch))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|22 June 1999))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"| [[Minister for Social Development (New Zealand)|Minister for Social Welfare]]
| ((sortname|Jenny|Shipley))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 12 October 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Roger|Sowry))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|12 October 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"| [[Minister for Sport and Recreation|Minister for Sport]]
| ((sortname|John|Banks|John Banks (New Zealand politician)))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Murray|McCully))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row"| [[Minister for State Owned Enterprises]]
| ((sortname|Doug|Kidd))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 3 October 1991
|-
| ((sortname|Maurice|McTigue))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|3 October 1991))
| 27 March 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Wyatt|Creech))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|27 March 1993))
| 29 November 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Philip|Burdon))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|29 November 1993))
| 8 November 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Jenny|Shipley))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 8 December 1997
|-
| ((sortname|Tony|Ryall))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|8 December 1997))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"| [[Minister of Statistics (New Zealand)|Minister of Statistics]]
| ((sortname|Rob|Storey))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 1 July 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Maurice|Williamson))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 July 1993))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Minister of Tourism (New Zealand)|Minister of Tourism]]
| ((sortname|John|Banks|John Banks (New Zealand politician)))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 1 November 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Murray|McCully))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|1 November 1996))
| 27 April 1999 
|-
| ((sortname|Lockwood|Smith))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|27 April 1999))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="2" scope="row"| [[Minister of Trade (New Zealand)|Minister of Trade]]
| ((sortname|Don|McKinnon))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Lockwood|Smith))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Ministry of Transport (New Zealand)#Ministers of Transport|Minister of Transport]] 
| ((sortname|Rob|Storey))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 29 November 1993
|-
| ((sortname|Maurice|Williamson))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|29 November 1993))
| 16 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Jenny|Shipley))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 8 December 1997
|-
| ((sortname|Maurice|Williamson))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|8 December 1997))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="row"| [[Minister of Finance (New Zealand)#List of Treasurers|Treasurer]]
| ((sortname|Winston|Peters))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand First))|
| NZ First
| ((dts|16 December 1996))
| 14 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|Birch))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|14 August 1998))
| 22 June 1999
|-
| ((sortname|Bill|English))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|22 June 1999))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! scope="row"| [[Minister for Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations]]
| ((sortname|Doug|Graham))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 10 December 1999
|-
! rowspan="4" scope="row"| [[Minister for Women (New Zealand)|Minister for Women]]
| ((sortname|Jenny|Shipley))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|2 November 1990))
| 12 December 1996
|-
| ((sortname|Christine|Fletcher))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|12 December 1996))
| 11 September 1997
|-
| ((sortname|Jenny|Shipley))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|11 September 1997))
| 26 August 1998
|-
| ((sortname|Georgina|te Heuheu))
| bgcolor=((party color|New Zealand National Party))|
| National
| ((dts|26 August 1998))
| 10 December 1999
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Governments of New Zealand]]
*[[New Zealand National Party]]
*[[Ruthanasia]]
*[[Electoral reform in New Zealand]]
*[[Electoral system of New Zealand]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Governments_of_New Zealand))

((DEFAULTSORT:Fourth National Government Of New Zealand))
[[Category:Ministries of Elizabeth II]]
[[Category:Governments of New Zealand|National 4]]
[[Category:New Zealand National Party]]
[[Category:20th century in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1990 establishments in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1999 disestablishments in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Cabinets established in 1990]]
[[Category:Cabinets disestablished in 1999]]
[[Category:Coalition governments]]

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