Francis of Baux (French: François des Baux, Italian: Francesco del Balzo; c. 1330[1] – 23 April 1422) was the first Duke of Andria, Count of Montescaglioso and Squillace, and Lord of Berre, Mison, and Tiano. He was the son of Bertrand III of Baux, Count of Andria and Montescaglioso and his second wife, Marguerite d'Aulnay.[1] Francis's father was a Senator of Rome, Captain General of Tuscany, and Justiciar of Naples.[1] The half-royal Baux family was one of the greatest families of the kingdom after the Duke's marriage to Marguerite of Taranto in 1348.[2]
Status
In 1349, Francis was given an extensive grant by Louis, Prince of Taranto. Prince Louis had married Joanna I of Naples in 1346 as her second husband, and had become King of Naples; he was crowned in 1352/53. The King was brother to Francis's second wife, Margaret, whom he had married in 1348.[1][3] Francis was created Duke of Andria and was the first magnate to be raised to ducal dignity in the kingdom.[2] Andria had been a royal fief which the Duke's father received from Beatrice of Anjou, by virtue of her dower.[4]
Civil war
On the death of Philip II, Prince of Taranto in 1373, Marguerite and Francis claimed Taranto and Philip's Greek lands (chiefly the Principality of Achaea and its dependent territories) and titles for themselves and their son, James of Baux, as the last male descendant of Philip I, Prince of Taranto.[2] Margaret's claim was supported by Pope Gregory XI.[2] Queen Joanna, however, decided to exercise direct rule over the Prince of Taranto's Greek possessions.[2] In April 1374, Queen Joanna decided to suppress the family and stripped Francis of all his lands and titles.[2] This action led to a civil war between the Queen and the Baux family.[2] An account is recorded in the Aragonese version of the Chronicle of the Morea.[2]
Family
Francis married three times.[1]
In 1337, he married Luisa de San Severino, daughter of Tommaso III de San Severino, Count of Marsico; they had no children.[1]
In 1348, Francis married Margaret of Taranto, daughter of Philip I, Prince of Taranto by his second wife, Catherine of Valois.[1] She died about September 1380 in imprisonment.[1] They had:
In 1381, Francis married Sueva Orsini, daughter of Nicolo Orsini by his first wife, Jeanne de Sabran. They had:
