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((Short description|Catholic cardinal (1532–1596)))
((Refimprove|date=January 2017))
((Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Francisco de Toledo
| honorific-suffix = [[Society of Jesus|S.J.]]
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| title = Cardinal-Priest of [[Santa Maria in Traspontina]]
| image = Francisco de Toledo, cardinal (1532-1596).jpg
| image_size = 190px
| alt = 
| caption = 
| church = 
| archdiocese = 
| province = 
| metropolis = 
| diocese = 
| see = 
| elected = 
| appointed = 
| term = 
| term_start = 
| quashed = 
| term_end = 
| predecessor = 
| opposed = 
| successor = 
| other_post = <!---------- Orders ---------->
| ordination = 
| ordinated_by = 
| consecration = 
| consecrated_by = 
| cardinal = 17 September 1593
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = ((birth date|1532|10|4|df=y))
| birth_place = [[Córdoba, Spain|Cordoba]], [[Crown of Castille|Castille]]
| death_date = ((death date and age|1596|9|14|1532|10|4|df=y))
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Papal States]]
| buried = 
| nationality = [[Spain|Spanish]]
| religion = 
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| occupation = 
| profession = 
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| education = 
| alma_mater = 
| motto = 
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| coat_of_arms = Coat of Arms of Cardinal Francisco de Toledo.svg
| coat_of_arms_alt = <!---------- Sainthood ---------->
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| attributes = 
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| shrine = 
| suppressed_date = <!---------- Other ---------->
| other = 
| created_cardinal_by = [[Clement VIII]]
))

'''Francisco de Toledo'''  (4 October 1532 in [[Cordoba, Andalusia|Cordoba]] ([[Crown of Castile|Castille]]) – 14 September 1596 in [[Rome]]) was a Spanish [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest and theologian, [[Biblical]] exegete and professor at the [[Roman College]]. He is the first Jesuit to have been made a [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] (in 1593).

== Biography ==
After studying under [[Domingo de Soto]], Toledo became a professor of [[philosophy]] at the [[University of Salamanca]] from 1555 to 1559.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041105180136/http://www.lcms.org/ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=T&t2=o Christian Cyclopedia]</ref>

He was ordained [[Catholic priest|priest]] at [[Salamanca]] in 1556 and two years later, in 1558, entered the Jesuit order. After a brief period of spiritual formation he was called to [[Rome]] by the [[Superior General of the Society of Jesus|Superior General]], [[Diego Laynez|Diego Láynez]], where the budding Roman College was in great need of professors. Toledo successively (and successfully) taught [[Philosophy]] (1559-1562), Scholastic and [[Moral Theology]] (1562-1569), and was prefect of studies of the fast-growing university. 

In the 1570s he published a number of commentaries on [[Aristotle]]'s works.<ref>Roger Ariew, ''René Descartes and the Jesuits'', p. 164, in Mordechai Feingold (editor), Jesuit Science and the Republic of Letters (2002)</ref>

He directed the work on the [[Sixto-Clementine Vulgate|Clementine Vulgate]], the revision of the [[Latin Vulgate]] that was published in 1598; this built on the [[Sistine Vulgate]] (the 1590 text), approved by [[Pope Sixtus V]].

He died in 1596 and was buried in the [[Santa Maria Maggiore]]. The tomb monument was created in 1598 by the Flemish sculptor [[Gillis van den Vliete]] after a design by [[Giacomo della Porta]].<ref name=new>[https://www.academia.edu/17663852/The_Tomb_of_Francisco_de_Toledo_at_S_Maria_Maggiore_A_New_Work_by_Giacomo_della_Porta_and_Egidio_della_Riviera_Ricerche_di_Storia_dellarte_21_1983_ Steven F. Ostrow, ''The Tomb of Cardinal Francisco de Toledo at S. Maria Maggiore: A New Work by Giacomo della Porta and Egidio della Riviera''], Ricerche di Storia dell'arte, 21, 1983, pp. 87-96</ref>
==Works==
[[Image:Toledo, Francisco – Instructio sacerdotum ac poenitentium, 1601 – BEIC 11511853.jpg|thumb|190px|''Instructio sacerdotum ac poenitentium'', 1601]]
[[Image:Toledo - Commentarii et annotationes in Epistolam Beati Pauli apostoli ad Romanos, 1602 - 4382897.tif|thumb|190px|''Commentarii et annotationes in Epistolam Beati Pauli apostoli ad Romanos'', 1602]]

His works may be divided into three classes:

*(1) Philosophical: "Introductio in dialecticam Aristotelis" (Rome, 1561), thirteen editions, apparently the first work of a Jesuit to be printed in Mexico; "Commentaria una cum quæstionibus in universam Aristotelis logicam" (Rome, 1572), seventeen editions; "Commentaria de physica auscultatione" (Venice, 1573), fifteen editions; "De generatione et corruptione" (Venice, 1575), seven editions; "De anima" (Venice, 1574), twenty editions; "Opera omnia. Opera philosophica" (Lyons, 1586–92), only one volume issued. 
*(2) Theological: "In Summam theologiæ S. Thomæ Aquinatis enarratio" (4 vols., Rome, 1869), published by Father José Paría, S.J.; "Summa casuum sive instructio sacerdotum" (Lyons, 1599), forty-six editions (Spanish tr., Juan de Salas; Italian, Andreo Verna; French, Goffar; summaries in Latin, Spanish, French, and Italian). 
*(3) Exegetical: "In sacrosanctum Joannis Evangelium commentarium" (Rome, 1592), nine editions; "In prima XII capita Sacrosancti Jesu Christi D. N. Evangelium secundum Lucam" (Rome, 1600), printing supervised by Father Miguel Vázquez, S.J.; "In Epistolam B. Pauli Apostoli ad Romanos" (Rome, 1602), Aramaic tr., Father [[Luis de Azevedo]]. Manuscripts: "Emmendationes in Sacra Biblia vulgata", corrected by direction of Clement VIII; "Regulæ hebraicæ pro lingua sancta intelligenda". Sermons: "Motivós y advertencias de casas dignas de refomación cerca del Breviario".<ref>((CathEncy|wstitle=Francisco Toledo))</ref>

*((cite book
|publisher= Giovanni Antonio Franzini, Girolamo eredi Franzini, Luigi Zanetti
|language= la
|title= Commentarii in prima XII capita sacrosancti Iesu Christi D.N. Evangelii secundum Lucam
|location= Romae
|date= 1600
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=4381170&search_terms=DTL8
))
* ((cite book|title=Instructio sacerdotum ac poenitentium|publisher=Giovanni Antonio Franzini & Girolamo Franzini, eredi|location=Roma|year=1601|language=la|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=11511853))
*((cite book
|publisher= Paolino Arnolfini
|language= la
|title= Commentarii et annotationes in Epistolam Beati Pauli apostoli ad Romanos
|location= Romae
|date= 1602
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=4382897&search_terms=DTL8
))
*((cite book
|publisher= Bartolomeo Fontana
|language= la
|title= Instructio sacerdotum ac poenitentium
|location= Brixiae
|date= 1624
|url= https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=4379525&search_terms=DTL7
))

==Notes==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1593.htm#Toledo Biography]
* ((Cite encyclopedia
| first = Vernon J.
| last = Bourke
| author-link = Vernon Bourke
| title = Toletus, Francis (1532–1596)
| url = https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/toletus-francis-1532-1596
| volume = 8
| editor-last = Edwards
| editor-first = Paul
| editor-link = Paul Edwards (philosopher)
| encyclopedia = [[The Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]
| year = 1967
| page = 146
| access-date = 16 September 2023
))
* ((Catholic|wstitle=Francisco Toledo))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Toledo, Francisco de))
[[Category:1532 births]]
[[Category:1596 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Spanish Jesuits]]
[[Category:16th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians]]
[[Category:Latin commentators on Aristotle]]
[[Category:16th-century Spanish cardinals]]
[[Category:University of Salamanca alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Salamanca]]
[[Category:Jesuit cardinals]]

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