The Honourable

Sir Frederick Ponsonby
Major-General Sir Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby by Thomas Heaphy
Birth nameFrederick Cavendish Ponsonby
Born6 July 1783 (1783-07-06)
Marylebone, London, England
Died11 January 1837 (1837-01-12) (aged 53)
Basingstoke, Hampshire, England
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service/branch British Army
RankMajor-General
Battles/warsPeninsular War
Napoleonic Wars
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

Major General Hon. Sir Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby GCMG KCB KCH (6 July 1783 – 11 January 1837) was an Anglo-Irish military officer.

Early life and education

Ponsonby was the second of three sons of Frederick Ponsonby, Viscount Dungannon (who succeeded as the 3rd Earl of Bessborough in 1793), and Henrietta Ponsonby, Countess of Bessborough. He was the brother of John Ponsonby, 4th Earl of Bessborough, and William Ponsonby, 1st Baron de Mauley, and his sister was the "notorious" Lady Caroline Lamb, who married the Prime Minister Viscount Melbourne.[1]

He was educated at Harrow.[2]

Early career

Ponsonby joined the army as a cornet in January 1800, serving in the 10th Light Dragoons. He was promoted lieutenant in June 1800 and Captain on 20 August 1803. He exchanged to the 60th Regiment of Foot in April 1806 and served on the staff of the Duke of Bedford, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and briefly for his successor, the Duke of Richmond. Promoted major on 25 June 1807, he went into the 23rd Light Dragoons on 6 August 1809 and went with them to serve in the Peninsular War.[2]

He fought well at Talavera. He was promoted lieutenant colonel on 15 March 1810, and served as assistant adjutant-general at Buçaco and Barrosa, directing a successful charge by a squadron of the 2nd Regiment of Hussars (KGL) against the French dragoons. He was given command of the 12th Light Dragoons on 11 June 1811.[3]

After the fall of Badajoz, he distinguished himself in the battle of Villagarcia (or Llerena) on 11 April 1812, temporarily commanding Anson's brigade. Ordered by Sir Stapleton Cotton to detain a superior force of French cavalry under Charles Lallemand, he successfully delayed them until reinforcements could arrive to flank the French and pursue them into Llerena.[3]

He led the 12th Light Dragoons to disperse some of the broken French infantry after the Battle of Salamanca, and was wounded while covering the withdrawal from Burgos. At Vitoria, his regiment was part of the force, under Sir Thomas Graham, that blocked the French retreat towards Bayonne. He took part in the Battle of the Pyrenees and the fighting that followed in the south of France. In Paris at the time of the abdication of Napoleon as Emperor of the French, he rode through the night to bring the news to Wellington, who famously, at an inn after defeating the French at the Battle of Toulouse, snapped his fingers and turned on his heel "in a triumphal pastiche of a flamenco dance."[4][5]

Waterloo Campaign

During the Waterloo Campaign, the 12th Light Dragoons were attached to Sir John Ormsby Vandeleur's light cavalry brigade. At the Battle of Waterloo, the 12th and 16th Light Dragoons were told to charge down the slope, but no further, to support the withdrawal of the Union Brigade of heavy cavalry. But, like the Union Brigade (led by his second cousin, William Ponsonby), the light horse charged (as he later admitted) too far.[6]

Ponsonby was wounded in both arms, and knocked off his horse by another sabre cut. A French lancer saw him move where he lay and stabbed him in the back with his lance, exclaiming "Tu n'es pas mort, coquin" (You're not dead, you rascal).[7] A French skirmisher then robbed him but luckily for Ponsonby, a Major de Laussat of the French Imperial Guard Dragoons found him and treated him kindly, giving him some brandy and promising to send help should the French prove victorious. Later, another French skirmisher used Ponsonby as a shield as he talked with him and fired over his body. Toward the end of the battle, he was ridden over by Prussian cavalry. During the night after the battle, he was roughed up by a Prussian looking for plunder, and a mortally wounded soldier of the Royal Dragoons had crawled upon Ponsonby's legs and lay dying. At last, Ponsonby was discovered by a soldier of the 40th Foot, who stood guard over him for hours until a cart became available to transport him back to Brussels.[8] Despite the quixotic nursing ideas of his sister,[further explanation needed] the notorious Lady Caroline Lamb,[9][10] and despite being further bled of 120 imperial fluid ounces (3.4 L) over two days, he managed to survive against the odds from his seven major wounds.[11][7] [6][11]

Later career

Plinth of Ponsonby's Column, a monumental column erected in Valletta in 1838. The column was destroyed by lightning in 1864, and only the plinth survives today.

Ponsonby went on half-pay on 26 August 1820, and was appointed "inspecting field officer" in the Ionian Islands on 20 January 1824. On 27 May 1825, he was promoted major-general, commanding the troops in the Ionian Islands. The next year, on 22 December 1826, he was appointed Governor of Malta, and remained there for eight and a half years.[12] He met Baron de Laussat, his saviour at Waterloo, in 1827. During his Maltese tenure, he was made GCMG in 1828, and KCB and KCH in 1831.[citation needed] He left the governorship in May 1835 (but remained the de jure Governor until 30 September 1836), and was appointed colonel of the 86th Regiment of Foot on 4 December 1835. He was transferred to the colonelcy of the Royal Dragoons on 31 March 1836. During this period, he maintained a high degree of interest in the handling of cavalry, and corresponded with Wellington.[12] He died suddenly at an inn, The Wellesley Arms at Murrell Green near Basingstoke, on 11 January 1837 and was buried in the crypt of St Nicholas' Church, Hatherop, Gloucestershire.[13]

In 1838, Ponsonby's Column was erected in Valletta in honour of the governor. It was destroyed by lightning in 1864.[14]

Family

On 16 March 1825, Ponsonby married Lady Emily Charlotte Bathurst (died 1877), the youngest daughter of Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst. They had three sons and three daughters:[15][16]

Notes

  1. ^ Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. p. 361. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1.
  2. ^ a b Lloyd & Falkner 2004, ¶ 1.
  3. ^ a b Lloyd & Falkner 2004, ¶ 2.
  4. ^ Lloyd & Falkner 2004, ¶ 3.
  5. ^ Andrew Roberts (2001). Napoleon and Wellington (Weidenfeld & Nicolson), pp. 136–7.
  6. ^ a b Lloyd & Falkner 2004, ¶ 4.
  7. ^ a b Dalton 1904, p. 76.
  8. ^ Paul Douglas (2004). Lady Caroline Lamb (Macmillan), p. 171.
  9. ^ Paul Douglas (2004). Lady Caroline Lamb (Macmillan), pp. 171–2.
  10. ^ Alice Marie Crossland (2016). Wellington's Dearest Georgy (Universe Press), p. 88.
  11. ^ a b Creasy 1877, Chapter XV. Battle of Waterloo, A.D. 1815.
  12. ^ a b Lloyd & Falkner 2004, ¶ 6.
  13. ^ Bromley & Bromley 2015, p. 1825.
  14. ^ Simpson, Donald H. (1958). "Some public monuments of Valletta 1800–1955" (PDF). Melita Historica. 2 (3): 156–157.
  15. ^ Lloyd & Falkner 2004, ¶ 5.
  16. ^ Burke's Peerage, Hon. Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby (p. 126)

References

Further reading

External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom Preceded byHon. James ButlerHon. George Ponsonby Member of Parliament for County Kilkenny 1806–1826 With: Hon. James Butler 1801–1820Charles Clarke 1820–1830 Succeeded byViscount DuncannonCharles Clarke Preceded byViscount Normanby Member of Parliament for Higham Ferrers 1826–1830 Succeeded byViscount Howick Military offices Preceded byThe Marquess of Hastings Governor of Malta 1827–1836 Succeeded bySir Henry Bouverie Preceded byThe Lord Harris Colonel of the 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot 1835–1836 Succeeded bySir James Watson Preceded byLord Edward Somerset Colonel of 1st (Royal) Regiment of Dragoons 1836–1837 Succeeded bySir Hussey Vivian, Bt
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