You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.195.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 09:46, 11 January 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 January 2025
Your current IP address is 44.195.68.6. The blocked range is 44.195.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Americans of French-Canadian birth or descent))
((Use mdy dates|date=February 2023))
((Use American English|date=February 2023))
((Infobox ethnic group
| group = French-Canadian Americans
| native_name = Américains canadiens
| image = 
| caption = 
| population = 1,998,012 (2020)<ref name="ACS2020">((cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=Ancestry&tid=ACSDT5Y2020.B04006|title=Table B04006 - People Reporting Ancestry - 2020 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 12, 2022|archive-url=|archive-date= ))</ref>
| popplace = [[New England]] (especially [[Maine]], [[New Hampshire]] and [[Vermont]]), [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Michigan]], [[California]] and [[Louisiana]]
| langs = [[American French|French]] ([[Canadian French|Canadian]] and [[French language in the United States|American]])((·))[[North American English|English]]((·))[[Franglais]]
| rels = Predominantly [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]], minority of [[Protestantism]]
| related-c = [[French Canadians]], [[French Americans]], [[Canadian Americans]], [[Breton Canadians]], [[French people]], [[Cajuns]], [[Métis in the United States|Métis Americans]], [[Métis]]
))
((French people))
'''French-Canadian Americans''' (also referred to as '''Franco-Canadian Americans''' or '''Canadien Americans''') are Americans of [[French Canadians|French-Canadian]] descent. About 2.1 million U.S. residents cited this ancestry in the 2010 U.S. Census; the majority of them speak [[French language|French]] at home.<ref>((cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_5YR_B16001&prodType=table|title=Languages Used at home|date=October 2010 |format=PDF |work=2010 U.S. Census |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau ))</ref> 
Americans of French-Canadian descent are most heavily concentrated in [[New England]], [[New York State]], [[Louisiana]] and the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]]. Their ancestors mostly arrived in the United States from [[Quebec]] between 1840 and 1930, though some families became established as early as the 17th and 18th centuries.

The term ''[[Canadiens|Canadien]]'' (French for "Canadian") may be used either in reference to [[nationality]] or [[ethnicity]] in regard to this population group. French-Canadian Americans, because of their proximity to Canada and Quebec, kept their language, culture, and religion alive much longer than any other ethnic group in the United States apart from [[Mexican Americans]].<ref>l’Actualité économique, Vol. 59, No 3, (september 1983): 423-453 and Yolande LAVOIE, L’Émigration des Québécois aux États-Unis de 1840 à 1930, Québec, Conseil de la langue française, 1979.</ref> Many "[[Little Canada (term)|Little Canada]]" neighborhoods developed in New England cities, but gradually disappeared as their residents eventually assimilated into the American mainstream.  A revival of the Canadian identity has taken place in the Midwestern states, where some families of French descent have lived for many generations. These states had been considered part of Canada [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|until 1783]].  A return to their roots seems to be taking place, with a greater interest in all things that are Canadian or Québécois.<ref>Harvard encyclopedia of American ethnic groups,Stephan Thernstorm, Harvard College, 1980, p 392</ref>

== French-Canadian population in New England ==
In the late 19th century, many Francophones arrived in New England from [[Quebec]] and [[New Brunswick]] to work in [[textile mill]] cities in New England.  In the same period, Francophones from Quebec soon became a majority of the workers in the saw mill and logging camps in the [[Adirondack Mountains]] and their foothills. Others sought opportunities for farming and other trades such as blacksmiths in [[Upstate New York]].  By the mid-20th century, French-Canadian Americans comprised 30 percent of [[Maine]]'s population.  Some migrants became [[lumberjack]]s but most concentrated in industrialized areas and into enclaves known as [[Little Canada (term)|Little Canada]]s in cities like [[Lewiston, Maine]], [[Holyoke, Massachusetts]], and [[Woonsocket, Rhode Island]].<ref name="Richard 2002">Mark Paul Richard, ''From 'Canadien' to American: The Acculturation of French-Canadian Descendants in Lewiston, Maine, 1860 to the Present'', PhD dissertation, Duke U., 2002; ''Dissertation Abstracts International'', 2002 62(10): 3540-A. DA3031009, 583p.</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-little-canadas-of-new-england/|title=The Little Canadas of New England|date=17 November 2015))</ref>

Driven by depleted farmlands, poverty and a lack of local economic opportunitunities, rural inhabitants of these areas sought work in the expanding mill industries.  Newspapers in [[New England]] carried advertisements touting the desirability of wage labor work in the [[textile mill]]s.  In addition to industry's organized recruitment campaigns, the close kinship network of French-Canadians facilitated transnational communication and the awareness of economic opportunity for their friends and relatives. Individual French-Canadian families who desired dwellings developed French Canadian neighborhoods, called [[Little Canada (term)|Petit Canadas]], and sought out local financing. Most arrived through railroads such as the [[Grand Trunk Railroad]].<ref>((Citation |first=Susan |last=Hudson |title=The Quiet Revolutionaries: How the Grey Nuns Changed the Social Welfare, 1870–1930 |publisher=Routledge |year=2013))</ref>

French-Canadian women saw New England as a place of opportunity and possibility where they could create economic alternatives for themselves distinct from the expectations of their farm families in Canada.  By the early 20th century some saw temporary migration to the United States to work as a rite of passage and a time of self-discovery and self-reliance. Most moved permanently to the United States, using the inexpensive railroad system to visit Quebec from time to time. When these women did marry, they had fewer children with longer intervals between children than their Canadian counterparts. Some women never married, and oral accounts suggest that self-reliance and economic independence were important reasons for choosing work over marriage and motherhood. These women conformed to traditional gender ideals in order to retain their 'Canadienne' cultural identity, but they also redefined these roles in ways that provided them increased independence in their roles as wives and mothers.<ref>((Citation |first=Florencemae |last=Waldron |title=The Battle Over Female (In)Dependence: Women In New England Québécois Migrant Communities, 1870–1930 |journal=Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies |year=2005 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=158–205 |doi=10.1353/fro.2005.0032 |s2cid=161455771 ))</ref><ref>((Citation |first=Florencemae |last=Waldron |title='I've Never Dreamed It Was Necessary To 'Marry!': Women And Work In New England French Canadian Communities, 1870–1930 |journal=Journal of American Ethnic History |year=2005 |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=34–64 |doi=10.2307/27501562 |jstor=27501562 |s2cid=254493034 |url=http://jaeh.press.illinois.edu/24/2/waldron.html ))((Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>

The French-Canadians became active in the [[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholic Church]] where they tried with little success to challenge its domination by [[Irish Americans|Irish]] clerics.<ref name="Richard">((Cite journal |first=Mark Paul |last=Richard |title=The Ethnicity of Clerical Leadership: The Dominicans in Francophone Lewiston, Maine, 1881–1986 |journal=Quebec Studies |year=2002 |volume=33 |pages=83–101 |doi=10.3828/qs.33.1.83))</ref> They founded such newspapers as '[[Le Messager]]' and '[[La Justice]].' The first hospital in [[Lewiston, Maine]], became a reality in 1889 when the Sisters of Charity of Montreal, the "[[Grey Nuns]]", opened the doors of the Asylum of Our Lady of Lourdes. This hospital was central to the Grey Nuns' mission of providing [[social services]] for Lewiston's predominately French-Canadian mill workers. The Grey Nuns struggled to establish their institution despite meager financial resources, language barriers, and opposition from the established medical community.<ref>((Citation |first=Susan |last=Hudson |title=Les Sœurs Grises of Lewiston, Maine 1878–1908: An Ethnic Religious Feminist Expression |journal=Maine History |year=2001–2002 |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=309–332 ))</ref> Immigration dwindled with the [[Immigration Act of 1924|U.S. immigration restrictions]] after [[World War I]].

The French-Canadian community in New England tried to preserve some of its cultural norms. This doctrine, like efforts to preserve [[Culture of Quebec|Francophone culture]] in [[Quebec]], became known as ''[[la Survivance]]''.<ref name="Stewart">((Citation |first=Alice R. |last=Stewart |title=The Franco-Americans of Maine: A Historiographical Essay |journal=Maine Historical Society Quarterly |year=1987 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=160–179 ))</ref>

== Cities ==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! City || Percentage of population<ref name="ReferenceA">According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]] of 2000</ref>((fcn|date=December 2023|reason=Specific and verifiable source is needed))
|-
| [[Madawaska, Maine]] || 75.%
|-
| [[Frenchville, Maine]] || 70.%
|-
| [[Van Buren, Maine]] || 65.%
|-
| [[Fort Kent, Maine]] || 63.% 
|-
| [[Berlin, New Hampshire]] || 53.4%
|-
| [[Lewiston, Maine]] || 50.%
|-
| [[Auburn, Maine]] || 46.2% 
|-
| [[Biddeford, Maine]] || 46.%
|-
| [[Greene, Maine]] || 43.1%
|-
| [[Hallandale Beach, Florida]] || 42.1%
|-
|}

== States ==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! State || ((huh|date=December 2023|reason=What does this column show? Percentage of what?))<ref name="ReferenceA"/>((fcn|date=December 2023|reason=Specific and verifiable source is needed))
|-
| [[Maine]] || 23.9%
|-
| [[New Hampshire]] || 23.2%
|-
| [[Vermont]] || 21.1%
|-
| [[Rhode Island]]  || 17.2%
|-
| [[Massachusetts]] || 12.9%
|-
| [[Connecticut]] || 9.9%
|-
|}

== French Canadian immigration to New England ==
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! colspan = 6 |Distribution of French Canadians in New England, 1860–1880<ref>
Ralph D. VICERO, ''Immigration of French Canadians to New England, 1840–1900'', Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1968, p. 275; as given in Yves ROBY, Les Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle Angleterre, 1776–1930, Sillery, Septentrion, 1990, p. 47</ref>
|-
! State
! Francophones
! Percentage
! Francophones
! Percentage
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Maine]]
| 7,490
| 20.0%
| 29,000
| 13.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[New Hampshire]]
| 1,780
|  4.7%
| 26,200
| 12.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Vermont]]
| 16,580
| 44.3%
| 33,500
| 16.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Massachusetts]]
| 7,780
| 20.8%
| 81,000
| 38.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Rhode Island]]
| 1,810
| 5.0%
| 19,800
| 9.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Connecticut]]
| 1,980
| 5.3%
| 18,500
| 8.9%
|- style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#f0f0f0"
| style="text-align:left" | Total
| 37,420
| 100%
| 208,100
| 100%
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! colspan = 6 |Distribution of French Canadians in New England, 1900–1930<ref>[[Leon E. Truesdell]], ''The Canadian Born in the United States'', New Haven, 1943, p. 77; as given in Yves ROBY, ''Les Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle-Angleterre'', Sillery, Septentrion, 1990, p. 282.</ref>
|-
! State
! Francophones
! Percentage
! Francophones
! Percentage
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Maine]]
| 58,583
| 11.3%
| 99,765
| 13.4%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[New Hampshire]]
| 74,598
| 14.4%
| 101,324
| 13.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Vermont]]
| 41,286
| 8.0%
| 46,956
| 6.4%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Massachusetts]]
| 250,024
| 48.1%
| 336,871
| 45.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Rhode Island]]
| 56,382
| 10.9%
| 91,173
| 12.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Connecticut]]
| 37,914
| 7.3%
| 67,130
| 9.0%
|- style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#f0f0f0"
| style="text-align:left" | Total
| 518,887
| 100%
| 743,219
| 100%
|}

==American cities founded by or named after French Canadians==
((unreferenced section|date=February 2021))
[[Image:French1346.gif|thumb|right|250px|[[Maps of American ancestries|Distribution]] of Franco Americans according to the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]]]]
*[[Biloxi, Mississippi|Biloxi]], founded by  [[Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville]]
*[[Bourbonnais, Illinois|Bourbonnais]] named after François Bourbonnais
*[[Davenport, Iowa]] founded by [[Antoine LeClaire]]
*[[Detroit, Michigan]], named by French explorer [[Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac]]*
*[[Dubuque, Iowa|Dubuque]], named after [[Julien Dubuque]]
*[[Huron, Ohio|Huron]], founded by Jean-Baptiste Flemmond
*[[Juneau, Alaska|Juneau]], named after [[Joe Juneau (prospector)|Joe Juneau]]
*[[La Barge, Wyoming]], named after [[Joseph Marie LaBarge, Senior|Joseph Marie La Barge]]
*[[Laramie, Wyoming]], named after [[Jacques La Ramee|Jacques La Remee]]
*[[Milwaukee]], founded by [[Solomon Juneau]] 
*[[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]], founded by [[Pierre LeMoyne d'Iberville]]
*[[New Orleans]], founded by [[Lemoyne de Bienville]]
*[[Portage Des Sioux]] founded by [[Zénon Trudeau|Zenon Trudeau]] and François Saucier
*[[Provo, Utah]], named for [[Étienne Provost|Etienne Provost]]
*[[St. Joseph, Missouri|Saint Joseph]], founded by [[Joseph Robidoux IV|Joseph Robidoux]]
*[[Saint Paul, Minnesota|Saint Paul]], first settled by [[Pierre Parrant]]
*[[Vincennes, Indiana|Vincennes]] founded by [[François-Marie Bissot, Sieur de Vincennes|François-Marie Bissot]]

==Notable French Canadian Americans==
((see also|Category:American people of French-Canadian descent))
* [[John C. Frémont]], first [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[President of the United States]], former [[List of United States senators from California|United States senator from California]], former [[List of governors of California before 1850|Military Governor of California]], former [[List of governors of Arizona|Governor of the Arizona Territory]]<ref>Chaffin, pp. 21–22</ref>
* [[John Cena]], professional wrestler; has French-Canadian ancestry through his mother<ref>((cite web | url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm1078479/ | title=John Cena &#124; Actor, Producer, Writer | website=[[IMDb]] ))</ref>
* [[Ross Perot]], business magnate, politician, and philanthropist
* [[Alex Trebek]], former host of [[Jeopardy!]]<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2019/06/12/alex-trebek-who-is-americas-favorite-game-show-host/?sh=120542038fdf|title=Alex Trebek: Who Is America's Favorite Game Show Host?|website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=September 1, 2021|date=June 12, 2019))</ref>
* [[Annie Proulx]], prolific writer, winner of the [[PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction]] for her first novel, ''[[Postcards (novel)|Postcards]]''. Her second novel, ''[[The Shipping News]]'' (1993), won both the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]]<ref name=pulitzer>[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Fiction "Fiction"]. ''Past winners & finalists by category''. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2012-03-28.</ref> and the U.S. [[National Book Award for Fiction]]. Her short story "[[Brokeback Mountain (short story)|Brokeback Mountain]]" was adapted as an [[Academy Award]], [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] and [[Golden Globe Award]]-winning [[Brokeback Mountain|motion picture]] released in 2005.

==See also==
((Portal|France|Canada|United States))
* [[Francophone Canadians]]
* [[History of the Franco-Americans]]

== References ==
((reflist))

==Further reading==
((Further|French Americans#Further reading))
* Anctil, Pierre. (1979). ''A Franco-American Bibliography: New England'', Bedford, N. H.: National Materials Development Center, 137 p.
* Barkan, Elliott Robert. (1980) "French Canadians". in Stephan Thernstrom, ed. ''Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups'' 388-401, comprehensive survey
* Brault, Gérard-J. (1986). ''The French-Canadian Heritage in New England'', Hanover: University Press of New England, 1986, 282 p.&nbsp;((ISBN|0-87451-359-6)) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZkXdBzYjzcC online excerpt])
* Brown, Michael. "Franco-American Identity at the University of Maine," ''Maine History'' 1997 36(3-4): 106-119
* Chartier, Armand, and Claire Quintal (1999). ''The Franco-Americans of New England. A History'', Manchester and Worcester: ACA Assurance and Institut français of [[Assumption College (Worcester)|Assumption College]], 537 p.&nbsp;((ISBN|1-880261-05-7)). 537pp; encyclopedic coverage, 1860 to 1990s.
* Doty, C. Stewart. "The Future of the Franco-American Past," ''American Review of Canadian Studies,'' Spring 2000, Vol. 30 Issue 1, pp 7–17 calls for further research on trade unionism, politics, farming and logging, links with Quebec elites, and literary figures.
* ((cite book|title=French Contributions to America|oclc=1312704|last=Fecteau|first=Edward|publisher=Soucy Press; Franco-American Historical Society (Société Historique Franco-Américaine)|location=Methuen, Mass.|year=1945|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015032043377&view=1up&seq=1))
* Fedunkiw, Marianne P. "French-Canadian Americans." in ''Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,'' edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp.&nbsp;167–183. [https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300075/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=190d2611 Online]
* [[Louis Fréchette|Fréchette, Louis]] (1900). ''The United States for French Canadians'', 345 pages [https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesforf00frch/mode/2up online free]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080617091203/http://www.quintinpublications.com/category/Author_Peter_Gagne Gagné, Peter J.] and Adrien Gabriel Morice (2000). ''French-Canadians of the West. A Biographical Dictionary of French-Canadians and French Métis of the Western United States and Canada'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014111343/http://www.quintinpublications.com/qp/00-085/Author_Peter_Gagne/French-Canadians+of+the+West%3A+Complete+3-Volume+Set Quintin Publications], ((ISBN|1-58211-223-1))
* Geyh, Patricia Keeney, et al. (2002). ''French Canadian Sources. A Guide for Genealogists'', Ancestry Publishing, 320 pages ((ISBN|1-931279-01-2)) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=svJKKvIWfUcC online excerpt])
* Gosnell, Jonathan. "Le base ball, Assimilation, and Ethnic Identity: The National Pastime in Franco-America." ''Quebec Studies'' 66 (2018): 49-75. [https://scholarworks.smith.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=frn_facpubs online]
* ((cite journal |last1=Lacroix |first1=Patrick |title=A Church of Two Steeples: Catholicism, Labor, and Ethnicity in Industrial New England, 1869–90 |journal=Catholic Historical Review |date=2016 |volume=102 |issue=4 |pages=746–770 |doi=10.1353/cat.2016.0206 |s2cid=159662405 ))
* ((cite journal |last1=Lacroix |first1=Patrick |title=Americanization by Catholic Means: French Canadian Nationalism and Transnationalism, 1889-1901 |journal=Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era |date=2017 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=284–301 |doi=10.1017/S1537781416000384 |s2cid=164667346 ))
* ((cite journal |last1=Lacroix |first1=Patrick |title=À l'assaut de la corporation sole : autonomie institutionnelle et financière chez les Franco-Américains du Maine, 1900-1917 |journal=Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française |date=2018 |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=31–51 |url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/haf/2018-v72-n1-haf03953/1051145ar/|doi=10.7202/1051145ar |doi-access=free ))
* Lamarre, Jean. (2003). ''The French Canadians of Michigan'', Wayne State University Press, 209 pages ((ISBN|0-8143-3158-0)) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=cOZSIlCd19wC online excerpt])
* Laflamme, J.L.K., David E. Lavigne and J. Arthur Favreau. (1908) ((CathEncy|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06271c.htm|title=French Catholics in the United States))
* Louder, Dean R., and Eric Waddell, eds. (1993). ''French America. Mobility, Identity, and Minority Experience Across the Continent'', Louisiana State University Press, 371 pages ((ISBN|0-8071-1669-6))
* Lindenfeld, Jacqueline. (2002). ''The French in the United States. An Ethnographic Study'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 184 pages ((ISBN|0-89789-903-2)) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=1BANzjrDe1EC online excerpt])
* Monnier, Alain. "Franco-Americains et Francophones aux Etats-Unis" ("Franco-Americans and French Speakers in the United States). ''Population'' 1987 42(3): 527-542. Census study.
* Murphy, Lucy Eldersveld, ''Great Lakes Creoles: A French-Indian Community on the Northern Borderlands, Prairie du Chien, 1750-1860.'' New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
* Perreault, Robert B. ''Franco-American Life and Culture in Manchester, New Hampshire: Vivre La Difference'' (2010) [https://www.amazon.com/Franco-american-Life-Culture-Manchester-Hampshire/dp/1596298979/ excerpt and text search]
* Potvin, Raymond H. "The Franco-American Parishes of New England: Past, Present and Future," ''American Catholic Studies'' 2003 114(2): 55-67.
* Richard, Mark Paul. (2008) ''Loyal but French: The Negotiation of Identity by French-Canadian Descendants in the United States'', on acculturation in [[Lewiston, Maine]], 1860 to the 2000
* Richard, Mark Paul. (2016) "'Sunk into Poverty and Despair': Franco-American Clergy Letters to FDR during the Great Depression." ''Quebec Studies'' 61#1: 39-52. [https://online.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/pdf/10.3828/qs.2016.4 online]
* Richard, Sacha. (2002) "American Perspectives on 'La Fievre aux Etats-Unis,' 1860–1930: A Historiographical Analysis of Recent Writings on the Franco-Americans in New England," ''Canadian Review of American Studies'' 32(1): 105-132
* Roby, Yves. (2004). ''The Franco-Americans of New England. Dreams and Realities'', Montreal: Les éditions du Septentrion, 543 pages ((ISBN|2-89448-391-0)) ([https://books.google.com/books?id=Ht6gEInWTB4C online excerpt]) translated by Mary Ricard.
* Rumily, Robert. (1958) ''Histoire des Franco Americains''. a standard history, in French
* Stewart, Alice R. (1987) "The Franco-Americans of Maine: A Historiographical Essay," ''Maine Historical Society Quarterly''  26(3): 160-179
*  Vermette, David G. (2018) ''A Distinct Alien Race: The Untold Story of Franco-Americans: Industrialization, Immigration, Religious Strife''
* Warren, Jean-Philippe. (2017) "The French Canadian Press in the United States." ''Journal of Modern Periodical Studies'' 7.1-2: 74-95. [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/664250/pdf online]

===Primary sources===
* Madore, Nelson, and Barry Rodrigue, eds. ''Voyages: A Maine Franco-American Reader'' (2009)
* Robbins, Rhea Cote. 'down the Plains,' (2013) http://www.rhetapress.com/
* Robbins, Rhea Cote. ''Wednesday's Child'' (2008)
* Robbins, Rhea Cote, ed. ''Canuck and Other Stories'' (2006)

==External links==
*[http://www.afgs.org American-French Genealogical Society] A genealogical and historical organization for French-Canadian research

((Canadians abroad))
((French diaspora))
((Authority control))

[[Category:French-Canadian diaspora in the United States| ]]
[[Category:American people of French-Canadian descent| ]]
[[Category:French diaspora in the United States]]
[[Category:Canadian diaspora in the United States]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

French-Canadian Americans (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Canadians abroad (edit)
Template:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:CathEncy (view source) (protected)
Template:Citation (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite Catholic Encyclopedia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Clarify (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country data Canada (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dead link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Ethnic group sidebar (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fcn (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix-span (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:Flagicon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flagicon/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:French diaspora (edit)
Template:French people (edit)
Template:Full citation needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Further (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Huh (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:ISBN (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox ethnic group (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unreferenced (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unreferenced section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use American English (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use mdy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:· (view source) (protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:DecodeEncode (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/c (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/f (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/u (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to French-Canadian Americans.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French-Canadian_Americans"