You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 35.175.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪JJMC89‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:20, 2 March 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 05:38, 21 February 2024
- Expiry of block: 05:38, 21 February 2029
Your current IP address is 35.175.116.192. The blocked range is 35.175.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((more citations needed|date=May 2013))
[[Image:Nebraska 1718.jpg|thumb|Nebraska as depicted in [[Guillaume de L'Isle]]'s 1718 map, with the approximate area of the future state highlighted]]

[[French people]] have been present in the U.S. state of [[Nebraska]] since before it achieved statehood in 1867. The area was originally claimed by [[Kingdom of France|France]] in 1682 as part of ''[[Louisiana Territory|La Louisiane]]'', the extent of which was largely defined by the watershed of the [[Mississippi River]] and its tributaries. Over the following centuries, explorers of French ethnicity, many of them [[French-Canadian]], trapped, hunted, and established settlements and trading posts across much of the northern [[Great Plains]], including the territory that would eventually become Nebraska, even in the period after France formally ceded its North American claims to Spain.<ref>"Nebraska", ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', 1910</ref> During the 19th century, [[fur trading]] gave way to settlements and farming across the state, and French colonists and French-American migrants continued to operate businesses and build towns in Nebraska. Many of their descendants continue to live in the state.

==Political history==
According to historian Addison Erwin Sheldon, the French knew of the [[Otoe]] and [[Missouria|Missouri]] tribes in Nebraska as early as 1673.<ref>Sheldon, et al. (19--) ''Nebraska history, Volumes 4-5 ''. [[Nebraska State Historical Society]]. p 60.</ref> In 1682, French explorer [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle]] claimed the area first when he named all the territory drained by the [[Mississippi River]] and its tributaries for France, naming it ''La Louisiane'' ([[Louisiana]]). In 1714, fellow French explorer [[Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont]] traveled from the mouth of the Missouri River in [[Missouri]] to the mouth of the [[Platte River]], which he called the ''Rivière Nebraskier'', becoming the first person to approximate the state's name.<ref name="nps.gov">[http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/LewisClark2/TheBicentennial/Symposium2002/Papers/Hechenberger_Dan.htm Dan Hechenberger, "Etienne de Véniard sieur de Bourgmont - A timeline"] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090911085301/http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/LewisClark2/TheBicentennial/Symposium2002/Papers/Hechenberger_Dan.htm |date=September 11, 2009 )), ''The Lewis and Clark Journey of Discovery'', National Park Service</ref> Brothers and French-Canadian [[voyageurs]] [[Pierre Antoine and Paul Mallet]] sought to reach [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]] by water via what they renamed the Platte River in 1739. They ended up following the [[South Platte River|south fork]] of the Platte into what is now [[Colorado]].

French colonists settled throughout the Mississippi Valley, first to the east of the river in areas such as present-day Illinois. Trappers and traders established relationships with Native American tribes at major points around the Great Lakes and along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers.

In the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]] in 1762, France ceded its lands west of the [[Mississippi River]] to Spain. In 1794 a French trapper named [[Jean-Baptiste Truteau]] established a trading post 30 miles up the [[Niobrara River]]. The next year, in 1795, [[Jacques D'Eglise]] traveled the [[Missouri River Valley]] on behalf of the Spanish crown. Searching for the elusive [[Northwest Passage]], D'Eglise did not go any further than central [[North Dakota]].

In 1803 the United States purchased the [[Louisiana Territory]] from France for $15,000,000. What became Nebraska was under the "rule" of the United States for the first time.

==Business presence==
The first Europeans to see the [[Platte River]] were French explorers and fur trappers in about 1714; they first called it the ''Nebraskier'' (Nebraska), a transliteration of the name given by the Otoe people, meaning "flat water".

[[Jean Pierre Cabanné]] operated [[Cabanne's Post|a fur trading post]] north of Omaha along the Missouri. Other French-Canadian posts in Nebraska include the [[Bordeaux Trading Post]], the [[Post of the Otos]], and the [[Robidoux Pass Trading Post]]. The Spaniard [[Manuel Lisa]], a partner of the French-dominated [[Missouri Trading Company]], established [[Fort Lisa (Nebraska)|Fort Lisa]] north of Omaha in the [[Ponca Hills]] in the early 1800s. Due to his positive relationships with many tribes, Lisa thwarted British influence with their allied tribes in the area during the [[War of 1812]].

In 1820 the U.S. Army established [[Fort Atkinson (Nebraska)|Fort Atkinson]] near the present-day town of [[Fort Calhoun, Nebraska|Fort Calhoun]] in order to protect the area's burgeoning fur trade industry. In 1822 the [[Missouri Fur Company]] built a headquarters and trading post about nine miles north of the mouth of the Platte River on the site of [[Fontenelle's Post]]. Calling it [[Bellevue, Nebraska|Bellevue]], these French-Americans established the first town in Nebraska. In 1824 [[Jean-Pierre Cabanné]] established [[Cabanne's Trading Post]] for [[John Jacob Astor]]'s [[American Fur Company]] near Fort Lisa, at the confluence of Ponca Creek and the Missouri River. It became a well-known post in the region.

==Placenames==
Starting in the 1740s, there were French settlements in Eastern Nebraska along the Missouri River and elsewhere in the present-day state. According to [[History Nebraska]], "[f]or a time their trading centers were [[Glenrock, Nebraska|Glenrock]], [[Brock, Nebraska|Brock]], [[Peru, Nebraska|Peru]], and [[Brownville, Nebraska|Brownville]]," as well as [[Julian, Nebraska|Julian]]. The same organization says, "Genuine French settlers came in the late 1850s, and for ten or fifteen years thereafter."<ref>[https://history.nebraska.gov/publications_section/french-in-nemaha-county/ "French in Nemaha County"], History Nebraska. Retrieved Jan 5, 2024.</ref>

Historical accounts portrayed homes across Nebraska were "the French language was used in the settlers’ homes, while English was spoken elsewhere," as well as an event in 1918, where "the French people of [[Nemaha County, Nebraska|Nemaha County]] held a picnic and celebration."<ref>[https://history.nebraska.gov/publications_section/french-in-nemaha-county/ "French in Nemaha County"], History Nebraska. Retrieved Jan 5, 2024.</ref>

The town of [[Barada, Nebraska|Barada]] was named after [[Antoine Barada]], whose father was the French fur trapper and interpreter [[Michel Barada]]. Early [[French Canadian]] trappers named the area south of [[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha]] ''Belle Vue'' because of the beauty of the view from the bluffs overlooking the [[Missouri River]]. Later, a [[Fontenelle's Post|fur trading post]] on that spot grew into the city of [[Bellevue, Nebraska|Bellevue]]. The town of [[Du Bois, Nebraska|Du Bois]] was named for the forest surrounding the area. [[Fremont, Nebraska|Fremont]] was named for [[John C. Frémont]], French-American pioneer and politician. Both [[Loup County, Nebraska|Loup County]] and the [[Loup River]] were named after the Skidi [[Pawnee people|Pawnee]] people, who called themselves the Wolf People. The town of [[Papillion, Nebraska|Papillion]] was named from the French word ''papillon'', which means "butterfly". The [[Platte County, Nebraska|Platte County]] and [[Platte River]] were named for the French word for "flat," a translation of the Oto.<ref>(2007) [http://www.omahahistory.org/History%20at%20a%20Glance%209-2007.pdf "History at a glance"] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029122148/http://www.omahahistory.org/History%20at%20a%20Glance%209-2007.pdf |date=2008-10-29 )), Douglas County Historical Society. Retrieved February 2, 2008.</ref> [[Sarpy County, Nebraska|Sarpy County]] was named after [[Peter Abadie Sarpy]], a fur trader of French Creole origin, born in [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Early French maps noted an area called, "L'eau qui Pleure", the water that weeps, which today is the town of [[Weeping Water, Nebraska|Weeping Water]].

The town of [[Fontenelle, Nebraska|Fontenelle]] was named after [[Logan Fontenelle]], the son of the French Creole [[Lucien Fontenelle]] from New Orleans and ''Me-um-bane,'' his [[Omaha tribe|Omaha]] wife and a daughter of [[Big Elk]], the principal [[Tribal chief|chief]]. As an interpreter to the Omaha and United States, the younger Fontenelle was important during negotiations of the [[Treaty of 1854]], by which the Omaha ceded most of their land to the United States.  Several other places in Nebraska have been named after Logan Fontenelle, as well.

In 1840, Joseph Deroin set up a trading post along the Missouri River at the mouth of the Platte, at the main village of the Otoe. Deroin was the son of a [[Métis]]<ref name="Barkwell">[https://www.scribd.com/doc/57200133/The-People-of-the-Metis-Nation-D-G Lawrence Barkwell, "DeRoin, Joseph"], ''The People of the Metis Nation: D-G/History through Biography,'' at Scribd.com, p. 10.</ref> [[French Canadian]] trapper Amable De Rouins and his Otoe wife. The elder De Rouins had traded along the nearby Missouri River for decades, and a trading post was already operating near the townsite when [[Lewis and Clark]] came through with their expedition in 1804.<ref name="Farrar">Farrar, J. [http://www.ngpc.state.ne.us/nebland/articles/parks/indiancave.asp "Indian Cave State Park"] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302100640/http://www.ngpc.state.ne.us/nebland/articles/parks/indiancave.asp |date=2010-03-02 )), Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. Retrieved 8/9/08.</ref> The town of [[St. Deroin, Nebraska|St. Deroin]] grew up around the trading post and was named in 1853 after Joseph Deroin was killed in an argument. Today it is a ghost town.

In 1885, the town of [[Chadron, Nebraska|Chadron]] was platted and named in honor of [[Pierre Chadron]], a French-Indian trapper who lived and trapped in the area. He was at one time a trader for the American Fur Company. The town of [[Bordeaux, Nebraska|Bordeaux]] was named for [[Pierre Bordeaux]], a French trapper and trader who came from [[Bordeaux, France]], and took his name from that city.

[[Rosalie, Nebraska|Rosalie]] was named for Rosalie La Flesche, a daughter of [[Joseph La Flesche]].  A Métis, he was adopted by the Omaha chief [[Big Elk]] as his son and named his successor as principal chief of the [[Omaha tribe]]. Rosalie La Flesche married Edward Farley of Bancroft. She was a sister of [[Susette LaFlesche Tibbles|Susette "Bright Eyes" LaFlesche]], who became an Omaha activist and married to the noted journalist [[Thomas Tibbles]];<ref>Fitzpatrick, Lilian Linder A.M. (1925) ''[http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/englishunsllc/1 Nebraska Place-Names]''. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Studies in Language, Literature, and Criticism. p 140.</ref> and of [[Susan LaFlesche Picotte]], the first Native American female doctor in the United States.

==See also==
* [[History of Nebraska]]
* [[Ethnic groups in Omaha, Nebraska]]

==References==
((reflist))

((French Americans by location))

((DEFAULTSORT:French people in Nebraska))
[[Category:French-American culture in Nebraska]]
[[Category:French-American history of Nebraska]]
[[Category:Nebraska people of French descent]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:French Americans by location (edit)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Webarchive (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Webarchive/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to French people in Nebraska.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_people_in_Nebraska"