You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.201.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 23:54, 31 July 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 44.201.28.123. The blocked range is 44.201.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Concerts in Carnegie Hall in 1938 and 1939))
((More citations needed|date=August 2011))
((italics title))
'''''From Spirituals to Swing''''' was the title of two [[concerts]] presented by [[John H. Hammond|John Hammond]] in [[Carnegie Hall]] on 23 December 1938 and 24 December 1939.  The concerts included performances by [[Count Basie]], [[Benny Goodman]], [[Big Joe Turner]] and [[Pete Johnson (musician)|Pete Johnson]], [[Helen Humes]], [[Meade Lux Lewis]], [[Albert Ammons]], [[Mitchell's Christian Singers]], the [[Golden Gate Quartet]], [[James P. Johnson]], [[Big Bill Broonzy]] and [[Sonny Terry]].<ref name="Music">((cite book
| first= Paul
| last= Du Noyer
| year= 2003
| title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music
| edition= 1st
| publisher= Flame Tree Publishing 
| location= Fulham, London
| isbn= 1-904041-96-5
| pages= 165–166))</ref>

==Concert==
The idea was a history, starting with [[gospel music|spirituals]] and leading up to [[swing music|big swing bands]], involving African American performers. Hammond had difficulty gaining sponsorship for the event because it involved African American artists and an integrated audience. However, ''[[The New Masses]]'', the journal of the [[American Communist Party]], agreed to finance it.<ref>((cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4NO26n13V2YC&q=American+Communist+Party+From+Spirituals+to+Swing&pg=PA126 |title=Music of the Great Depression - Google Books |isbn=9780313332302 |accessdate=2011-02-14 |last1=Young |first1=William H. |last2=Young |first2=Nancy K. |last3=Young |first3=Nancy K. |year=2005 ))</ref>

Hammond, according to the liner notes of the [[boxed set]], "[i]n 1938... conceived a concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City to showcase African-American music from its raw beginnings to the most current jazz. Hammond... was one of the most influential talent scouts and record producers in history, having 'discovered' artists from Billie Holiday and Count Basie to [much later - Varlet] Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen. The concert, which would be titled 'From Spirituals To Swing', would depict the common themes that existed in Black music from its origins in Africa, through gospel and blues, dixieland and eventually to swing."

"On December 23, 1938, 'From Spirituals To Swing' was presented to a sold-out house... Its success prompted another concert on Christmas Eve of 1939..."

"The musical significance of the two 'From Spirituals To Swing' concerts is difficult to deny. Equally important, however, were the social and political implications. The racial impact cannot be overlooked as African-American artists were being presented to an integrated audience at Carnegie Hall at a time when such an occurrence was, if not unheard of, extremely rare. The strong ties between the jazz world and the political Left were also obvious in the two sponsors of the programs: The Marxist 'New Masses' and the Theater Arts Committee which was an openly Left-wing organization. John Hammond was an independent iconoclast. In his efforts to foster social justice and integration he found himself at times in step with civil rights groups and Communists (though Hammond himself was never a member of the Communist Party). The impact of the integration of musicians and jazz audiences in the 1930s and 1940s was very influential on the racial history of our country. 'From Spirituals To Swing' was not only a musical milestone in the history of jazz, it was also a socially significant even coming at a time when our nation, as well as the world, was entering a period of inconceivable upheaval and change."

The [[boogie-woogie]] craze of the late 1930s and early 1940s dates from these concerts.<ref name="Music"/> Johnson and Turner, along with Lewis and Ammons, continued as an act after the concerts with their appearances at the [[Cafe Society]] [[night club]], as did many of the other performers. The stage moves and musical ecstasy of the gospel performers were new to the white audience, and presaged much that appeared later in [[rhythm and blues]] and [[rock and roll]].

==List of performers==
===December 23, 1938===
*The [[Count Basie]] Orchestra
::[[Ed Lewis (musician)|Ed Lewis]], [[Harry Edison]], [[Buck Clayton]], [[Shad Collins]] (trumpets); [[Dicky Wells]], [[Dan Minor]], [[Benny Morton]] (trombones); [[Earle Warren]] (alto sax); [[Herschel Evans]], [[Lester Young]] (tenor sax, clarinet); [[Jack Washington]] (baritone sax, alto sax); Count Basie (piano); [[Freddie Green]] (guitar); [[Walter Page]] (bass); [[Jo Jones]] (drums)
*[[Oran "Hot Lips" Page]] with the Count Basie Orchestra
*[[Meade Lux Lewis]]
*[[Albert Ammons]]
*[[Pete Johnson (musician)|Pete Johnson]]
*[[Big Joe Turner|Joe Turner]] with Pete Johnson
*[[Sister Rosetta Tharpe]] with Albert Ammons
*[[Mitchell's Christian Singers]]
::William Brown (1st tenor), Julius Davis (2nd tenor), Louis David (baritone), Sam Bryant (bass)
*[[Big Bill Broonzy]] with Albert Ammons
*[[Sonny Terry]]
*[[James P. Johnson]]
*[[Jimmy Rushing]] with the Count Basie Orchestra
*The Kansas City Six:
::Buck Clayton, Lester Young, [[Leonard Ware]] (electric guitar), Freddie Green, Walter Page, Jo Jones
*[[The Golden Gate Quartet]]
::Willie Johnson (1st bass), Henry Owens (1st tenor), William Langford (2nd tenor), [[Orlandus Wilson]] (2nd bass)

===December 24, 1939===
*The [[Benny Goodman]] Sextet
::Benny Goodman (clarinet), [[Charlie Christian]] (electric guitar), [[Lionel Hampton]] (vibes), [[Fletcher Henderson]] (piano), [[Artie Bernstein|Arthur Bernstein]] (bass), [[Nick Fatool]] (drums)
*James P. Johnson
*[[Ida Cox]] with Shad Collins, Dicky Wells, [[Buddy Tate (musician)|Buddy Tate]] (tenor sax), James P. Johnson, Freddie Green, Walter Page, Jo Jones
*Big Bill Broonzy with Albert Ammons
*Sonny Terry with [[Bull City Red]]
*The Kansas City Six:
::Buck Clayton, Lester Young, Charlie Christian, Freddie Green, Walter Page, Jo Jones
*[[Helen Humes]] with James P. Johnson and the Count Basie Orchestra
::Ed Lewis, Harry Edison, Buck Clayton, Shad Collins, Dicky Wells, Dan Minor, Benny Morton, Earle Warren, Lester Young, Buddy Tate, Jack Washington, Count Basie, Freddie Green, Walter Page, Jo Jones
<ref>''From Spirituals to Swing'', liner notes, Definitive Records CD reissue, 2001</ref>

==Recordings==
The recordings of the concerts commissioned by Hammond were acetate sound checks, and only transferred to tape in 1953 and released in 1959, with faked announcements recorded by Hammond the previous year. The album was reissued by [[Vanguard Records]] as a triple CD set in 1999. Inside were two  documents: a modern brochure describing the contents of the box set, and a reproduction of the original 1938 program for the show.  The program was  entitled: "The New Masses Presents An Evening Of African American Negro Music - 'From Spirituals To Swing' [Dedicated to Bessie Smith]."  The cover had an image of [[Bessie Smith]].

==References==
((Reflist))

==Bibliography==
*''From Spirituals To Swing'', CD [[boxed set]] booklet, copyright 1999 by Vanguard Records, A Welk Music Group Company, 2700 Pennsylvania Avenue, Santa Monica, California, 90404
((Benny Goodman))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:From Spirituals To Swing))
[[Category:Concerts in the United States]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

From Spirituals to Swing (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Benny Goodman (edit)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox musical artist/hCard class (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Italic title (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Italics title (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox musical artist (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox musical artist/color (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Italic title (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to From Spirituals to Swing.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_Spirituals_to_Swing"