Fuenlabrada (Spanish pronunciation:[fwenlaˈβɾaða]) is a city and municipality of Spain located in the Community of Madrid. As of 2018[update], it has a population of 193,586, making it the region's fourth most populated municipality.
Placename
The etymology of Fuenlabrada comes from the contraction of Fuente Labrada,[2] Spanish for "carved fountain".
The highest point in the municipality (721 metres above sea level) is located in a hill to the northwest of the city proper.[3]
The city proper's altitude gently decreases from the Northwest to the Southeast; the lowest areas in the municipality (slightly over 600 metres above sea level) are located in the East, past the A-42 near the border with Getafe.[4]
The southeast of the municipality is covered by the Polígono Cobo Calleja [es], a huge economic area overwhelmingly dedicated to the wholesale distribution of Chinese imports (considered the biggest one in Europe in the latter regard).[5][6]
The residential area of Loranca [es] (203.6 ha in size)[7] lies in the west,[8] near Móstoles, semi-detached from the main urban nucleus by the M-407 [es] highway.
The main hydrographic feature is the Arroyo Culebro [es], a tributary of the Manzanares.[9] Other parts of the municipality (including the Arroyo de Fregacedos) are however part of the Guadarrama catchment area.[10]
History
There are archeological sites tracing back the human presence in the area to the Paleolithic (La Cantueña) and the Bronze Age (Casas del Cerro).[11] Other settlements in the current municipal area, including Loranca, Albas and Fregacedos, existed during the Upper Middle Ages.[12]
The founding of the village of Fuenlabrada has been tentatively traced to the late 14th century, populated by the dwellers of the nearby settlements of Loranca, Albas and Fregacedos, which had been simultaneously depopulated.[13] The first mention of Fuenlabrada, which by the early 16th century was part of the Land of Madrid, was recorded later in the century, during the reign of Philip II, in the so-called Topographic Relations of Philip II.[13] The village suffered the loss of a quarter of the population in the second half of the 18th century.[14]
While the agricultural sector of the economy remained dominant, the making of rosquillas [es] and buns in the municipality became renowned among the surrounding towns by the end of the 19th century.[15] Following the end of the 1936–1939 Civil War, in which some parts of Fuenlabrada endured serious damage, the Dirección General de Regiones Devastadas undertook some building works in the municipality during the 1940s and 1950s.[16]
The population experienced a demographic explosion in the 1970s, going from 7,369 inhabitants in 1970 to 65,181 in 1980, the biggest relative increase in Spain in that period.[17] The demographic growth continued in the ensuing decades.
The city is linked with the M-50, A-42, M-506, M-407 and M-409 highways. It is connected as well to the neighbouring towns of Humanes de Madrid and Moraleja de Enmedio through the M-413 and M-405 local roads, respectively.
Fuenlabrada is connected to Madrid via the Cercanías Madrid line C-5, a commuter train service, having two stations: Fuenlabrada (Transfer with Fuenlabrada Central metro station) and La Serna.
Demography
Fuenlabrada witnessed a dramatic population explosion in the 1980s, due to large scale immigration of young workers coming from the capital city and other agrarian regions (chiefly Extremadura, Castilla-La Mancha, Andalusia and Galicia) seeking affordable prices in housing. By 1975, the municipality had already reached a population of 18,442. Foreign workers have also settled in the city, most of them coming from Latin America, Africa, the Maghreb, China and Romania.
The city is home to basketball team Baloncesto Fuenlabrada, currently playing in the first tier division (Liga ACB), having competed in the top flight division of Spanish basketball for several years. Their home games are played at Fernando Martín sports centre, which has a capacity of 5,700.
CF Fuenlabrada is the local football team, playing in Primera Federación (third tier in Spanish league). They play as home team at the Estadio Fernando Torres, inaugurated by the footballer's parents on 1 September 2011. The stadium has a capacity of 7,500.
Due to Yugoslav Wars, Partizan had to play abroad as the host in the 1991/1992 season. The management of the club decided to "host" in the Madrid suburb of Fuenlabrada, and that season they became champions of the old continent.
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