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((lowercase|title=fuser))
((more citations needed|date=January 2021))
((Infobox software
| name                   = fuser
| logo                   = 
| screenshot             = Fuser-command-example.png
| screenshot size        = 
| caption                = Example usage of ((code|fuser))
| author                 = 
| developer              = 
| released               = 
| latest release version = 
| latest release date    = 
| operating system       = [[Unix]] and [[Unix-like]]
| platform               = [[Cross-platform]]
| genre                  = [[Command (computing)|Command]]
| license                = 
| website                = 
))
The [[Unix]] [[command (computing)|command]] '''<code>fuser</code>''' is used to show which [[process (computing)|process]]es are using a specified [[computer file]], [[file system]], or [[Unix domain socket|Unix socket]].

==Example==
For example, to check process IDs and users accessing a USB drive:
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ fuser -m -u /mnt/usb1
/mnt/usb1:   1347c(root)  1348c(guido)  1349c(guido)
</syntaxhighlight>

The command displays the [[process identifier]]s (PIDs) of processes using the specified files or  file
systems.   In the default display mode, each PID is followed by a
letter denoting the type of access:

; c : current directory.
; e : executable being run.
; f : open file.
; F : open file for writing. 
; r : root directory.
; m : mmap'ed file or shared library

Only the PIDs are written to [[standard output]]. Additional information is written to standard error. This makes it easier to process the output with computer programs.

The command can also be used to check what processes are using a network port:
<syntaxhighlight lang="console">
$ fuser -v -n tcp 80
                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
80/tcp:              root       3067 F.... (root)httpd
                     apache     3096 F.... (apache)httpd
                     apache     3097 F.... (apache)httpd
</syntaxhighlight>

The command returns a non-zero code if none of the files are
accessed or in case of a fatal error. If at least one access has succeeded, fuser returns zero. 
The output of "fuser" may be useful in diagnosing "resource busy" messages arising when attempting to [[mount (Unix)|unmount]] filesystems.

==Options==
[[POSIX]] defines the following options:<ref>((man|1|fuser|SUS)). Retrieved December 4, 2020.</ref>
:; <kbd>-c</kbd> : Treat the file as a [[mount point]].
:; <kbd>-f</kbd> : Only report processes accessing the named files.
:; <kbd>-u</kbd> : Append user names in parentheses to each PID.

psmisc adds the following options, among others:<ref>((Cite web|url=https://gitlab.com/psmisc/psmisc/-/blob/master/doc/fuser.1 |title=fuser.1 |date=September 9, 2020 |access-date=December 4, 2020 |website=[[GitLab]] |format=[[troff]] with man macros))</ref>
:; <kbd>-k</kbd>, <kbd>--kill</kbd> : Kill all processes accessing a file by sending a [[SIGKILL]]. Use e.g. <kbd>-HUP</kbd> or <kbd>-1</kbd> to send a different [[signal (IPC)|signal]].
:; <kbd>-l</kbd>, <kbd>--list-signals</kbd> : List all supported signal names.
:; <kbd>-i</kbd>, <kbd>--interactive</kbd> : Prompt before killing a process.
:; <kbd>-v</kbd>, <kbd>--verbose</kbd> : [[verbose mode]]
:; <kbd>-a</kbd>, <kbd>--all</kbd> : Display all files. Without this option, only files accessed by at least one process are shown.
:; <kbd>-m</kbd>, <kbd>--mount</kbd> : Same as <kbd>-c</kbd>. Treat all following path names as files on a [[mount (computing)|mounted]] file system or [[block device]]. All processes accessing files on that file system are listed.

==Related commands==
* The list of all open files and the processes that have them open can be obtained through the [[lsof]] command.
* The equivalent command on [[BSD]] operating systems is ((mono|fstat(1))).

== References ==
<references />

==External links==
((Wikibooks|Guide to Unix|Commands))
((man|cu|fuser|SUS))

((Unix commands))

[[Category:Unix SUS2008 utilities]]
[[Category:Unix process- and task-management-related software]]


((Unix-stub))

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