Fyodor Stepanovich Rokotov (Fedor Rokotov) (Russian: Фёдор Степа́нович Ро́котов) (1736–December 24, 1808) was a Russian painter who specialized in portraits.

Fyodor Rokotov was born into a family of peasant serfs, belonging to the Repnins. Much in his biography is obscure. He studied art in Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts. After buying back his freedom at the end of the 1750s he became established as a fashionable painter.

In 1765, Rokotov was elected an Academician, but he did not work as a professor in the Academy long, because it interfered with his painting. He returned to Moscow in 1765, where he lived for the rest of his life. He had a lot of commissions there, becoming one of the best portrait painters of his time.

Among his best-known portraits are Portrait of Alexandra Struyskaya (1772), sometimes called the Russian Mona Lisa and admittedly the most celebrated piece of the 18th-century Russian painting; Portrait of Countess Elisabeth Santi (1785), and Lady in a Pink Dress (1770s, illustration, right).

Rokotov avoided painting formal portraits with much adornment and decoration. Instead he was one of the first Russian painters advancing a psychological portrait with attention to optical and atmospheric effects.

Selected works

• 
  Emperor Paul I as a Child. 1761
• 
  Count I. G. Orlov. c.1762-1765
• 
  Catherine II, 1770
• 
  Alexandra Struyskaya. 1772
• 
  Ivan Shuvalov 1760
• 
  Anna Yuryevna Kvashnina-Samarina. 1770s
• 
  Princess Darya Gruzinskaya, late 1700s
• 
  Lady in a White Cap. 1790s
• 
  Countess Anna Buturlina, c. 1793.
• 
  Nikita Ivanovich Panin,1760s