GADD45A
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2KG4
Identifiers
Aliases	GADD45A, DDIT1, GADD45, growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha
External IDs	OMIM: 126335 MGI: 107799 HomoloGene: 1449 GeneCards: GADD45A
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p31.3 Start 67,685,201 bp[1] End 67,688,334 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6|6 C1 Start 67,012,080 bp[2] End 67,014,441 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in vena cava ascending aorta popliteal artery glomerulus metanephric glomerulus kidney left coronary artery right coronary artery seminal vesicula kidney tubule Top expressed in blood extensor digitorum longus muscle renal corpuscle interventricular septum duodenum jejunum lens extraocular muscle bone marrow submandibular gland More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding kinase binding protein homodimerization activity protein heterodimerization activity protein N-terminus binding RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus nucleoplasm nuclear speck Biological process apoptotic process centrosome cycle regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity negative regulation of protein kinase activity signal transduction in response to DNA damage response to stress positive regulation of JNK cascade regulation of cell cycle cellular response to DNA damage stimulus cellular response to mechanical stimulus positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process positive regulation of apoptotic process cellular response to ionizing radiation cell cycle DNA repair positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1647 13197 Ensembl ENSG00000116717 ENSMUSG00000036390 UniProt P24522 P48316 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001924 NM_001199741 NM_001199742 NM_007836 RefSeq (protein) NP_001186670 NP_001186671 NP_001915 NP_031862 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 67.69 – 67.69 Mb Chr 6: 67.01 – 67.01 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GADD45A gene.^[5][6][7]

Function

This gene is a member of a group of genes, the GADD45 genes, whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents (mutagens). The DNA damage-induced transcription of this gene is mediated by both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The protein encoded by this gene responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase.^[7]

Applications

The fact that expression of this gene is an indicator of DNA damage has been exploited to construct an in vitro test for mutagenicity, the GADD45a-GFP GreenScreen HC assay.^[8] This assay consists of a cell line which has been engineered so that expression of GADD45A will lead to expression of green fluorescent protein, which can easily be detected. To test a substance for mutagenicity, it is applied to these cells and fluorescence is measured.

Interactions

GADD45A has been shown to interact with:

• AURKA,^[9]
• Cdk1,^{[10][11][12][13]}
• CCNB1,^[10][13]
• GADD45GIP1^[14]
• MAP3K4,^[15]
• P21,^[12][16] and
• PCNA.^{[12][17][18][19][20]}