GDF3
Identifiers
AliasesGDF3, KFS3, MCOP7, MCOPCB6, growth differentiation factor 3
External IDsOMIM: 606522 MGI: 95686 HomoloGene: 7336 GeneCards: GDF3
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

9573

14562

Ensembl

ENSG00000184344

ENSMUSG00000030117

UniProt

Q9NR23

Q07104

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_020634

NM_008108

RefSeq (protein)

NP_065685

NP_032134

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 7.69 – 7.7 MbChr 6: 122.58 – 122.59 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Growth differentiation factor-3 (GDF3), also known as Vg-related gene 2 (Vgr-2) is protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF3 gene.[5] GDF3 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It has high similarity to other TGF-β superfamily members including Vg1 (found in frogs) and GDF1.[5]

Tissue distribution

Expression of GDF3 occurs in ossifying bone during embryonic development and in the brain, thymus, spleen, bone marrow and adipose tissue of adults.[6][7]

Function

GDF3 is a bi-functional protein that has some intrinsic activity and also modulate other TGF-β superfamily members, e.g. potentiates the activity of NODAL. It may also inhibit other TGF-β superfamily members (i.e. BMPs), thus regulating the balance between different modes of TGF-beta signaling.[8] It has been shown to negatively and positively control differentiation of embryonic stem cells in mice and humans.[9] This molecule plays a role in mesoderm and definitive endoderm formation during the pre-gastrulation stages of development.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000184344 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030117 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b Caricasole AA, van Schaik RH, Zeinstra LM, Wierikx CD, van Gurp RJ, van den Pol M, Looijenga LH, Oosterhuis JW, Pera MF, Ward A, de Bruijn D, Kramer P, de Jong FH, van den Eijnden-van Raaij AJ (January 1998). "Human growth-differentiation factor 3 (hGDF3): developmental regulation in human teratocarcinoma cell lines and expression in primary testicular germ cell tumours". Oncogene. 16 (1): 95–103. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201515. PMID 9467948.
  6. ^ a b Chen C, Ware SM, Sato A, Houston-Hawkins DE, Habas R, Matzuk MM, Shen MM, Brown CW (January 2006). "The Vg1-related protein Gdf3 acts in a Nodal signaling pathway in the pre-gastrulation mouse embryo". Development. 133 (2): 319–29. doi:10.1242/dev.02210. PMID 16368929. S2CID 14505029.
  7. ^ Hexige S, Guo J, Ma L, Sun Y, Liu X, Ma L, Yan X, Li Z, Yu L (December 2005). "Expression pattern of growth/differentiation factor 3 in human and murine cerebral cortex, hippocampus as well as cerebellum". Neurosci. Lett. 389 (2): 83–7. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.071. PMID 16126341. S2CID 25293256.
  8. ^ Levine A, Brivanlou A (2006). "GDF3 at the crossroads of TGF-beta signaling". Cell Cycle. 5 (10): 1069–73. doi:10.4161/cc.5.10.2771. PMID 16721050.
  9. ^ Levine A, Brivanlou A (2006). "GDF3, a BMP inhibitor, regulates cell fate in stem cells and early embryos". Development. 133 (2): 209–16. doi:10.1242/dev.02192. PMID 16339188. S2CID 35923560.

Further reading


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