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((Short description|Genealogies appearing in the Book of Genesis))
((Multiple issues|
((more citations needed|date=December 2022))
((original research|date=December 2022))
((religious text primary|date=December 2022))
))
((Bible related))
The '''genealogies of Genesis''' provide the framework around which the [[Book of Genesis]] is structured.<ref name="EvansLohr2012">((cite book|author1=Craig A. Evans|author2=Joel N. Lohr|author3=David L. Petersen|title=The Book of Genesis: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rQIyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA281|year=2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-22657-9|page=281))</ref> Beginning with [[Adam]], genealogical material in Genesis 4, 5, 10, 11, 22, 25, 29–30, 35–36, and 46 moves the narrative forward from the creation to the beginnings of the [[Israelites]]' existence as a people.((citation needed|date=December 2022))

Adam's lineage in Genesis contains two branches: Chapter 4 giving the descendants of [[Cain]], and Chapter 5 that for [[Seth]] that is then continued in later chapters. Chapter 10 gives the [[Generations of Noah]] (also called the Table of Nations) that records the populating of the Earth by [[Noah]]'s descendants, and is not strictly a [[genealogy]] but an [[ethnography]].((citation needed|date=December 2022))

Genesis 5 and Genesis 11 include the age at which each [[Patriarchs (Bible)|patriarch]] had the progeny named as well as the number of years he lived thereafter. Many of the ages given in the text are long, but could have been considered modest in comparison to the ages given in other works (for instance, the [[Sumerian King List]]).<ref>((cite book |author=Cassuto, Umberto |title=A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part I From Adam to Noah |publisher=[[Magnes Press]] |year=1972 |isbn=978-965-223-480-3 |location=Jerusalem |pages=264 |translator=[[Israel Abrahams]] |quote=Although the ages in our section may appear high compared with the normal human life-span, yet if we bear in mind the notions prevailing in the environment in which the Torah was written, and the impression that the reading of this section must have left on its ancient readers, they will seem, on the contrary, low and modest. |author-link=Umberto Cassuto))</ref>

The ages include patterns surrounding the numbers five and seven, for instance the 365 year life of [[Enoch]] (the same as the number of full calendar days in a solar year) and the 777 year life of [[Lamech (father of Noah)|Lamech]] (repetitional emphasis of the number seven).<ref>((cite book|title=A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part I From Adam to Noah|translator=[[Israel Abrahams]]|author=Cassuto, Umberto|author-link=Umberto Cassuto|pages=261–262|location=Jerusalem|publisher=The Magnes Press|year=1972 |isbn=978-965-223-480-3|quote={...}the numbers five and seven are specially stressed in the text, in a way calculated to attract the reader's attention.{...}In the enumeration of Lamech's years-seven and seventy years, and seven hundred years (v.31)- the emphasis given to the number seven is even more manifest.{...} Possibly the number 365 in v.23 is intended by Scripture to provide us with the key to the understanding of our subject, as though to say: Pray do not forget that every year has 365 days.))</ref> Overall, the ages display clear mathematical patterns, leading some people to conclude that number symbolism was used to construct them.<ref>((Cite journal|last=Johnson|first=Richard|title=Patriarchal Ages in Genesis |journal=Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith|url=https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2004/PSCF6-04Johnson.pdf|volume=56 |year=2004 |pages=152–153))</ref> Nevertheless, since Genesis 5 and 11 provide the age of each patriarch at the birth of his named descendant, it also appears to present a gapless chronology from Adam to [[Abraham]], even if the named descendant is not always a first-generation son.<ref>((Cite journal|last=Sexton|first=Jeremy |title=Who Was Born When Enosh Was 90? A Semantic Reevaluation of William Henry Green's Chronological Gaps |url=http://www.pastorsexton.com/articles|journal=Westminster Theological Journal  |volume=77 |year=2015 |pages=193–218))</ref>

==Versions==
((Unreferenced section|date=October 2021))
Nearly all modern translations of Genesis are derived from the [[Masoretic Text]], but there are also two other versions of Genesis: the [[Samaritan Pentateuch]] and the [[Septuagint]] (a Greek translation of a Hebrew text). Translations from the Masoretic Text are preferred by Western Christians, including [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]] and [[Protestant]]s and by followers  of [[Orthodox Judaism]], whereas the Greek version is preferred by [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christians]], including [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]], [[Coptic Orthodox Church|Coptic]], Ethiopic, [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Jacobite]] and [[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian]].((citation needed|date=October 2021)) The Samaritan Pentateuch is used mainly by the [[Samaritans]].((citation needed|date=December 2022))

==Cain and Seth==
Genesis names three children of Adam and Eve, [[Cain]], [[Abel]] and [[Seth]].  A genealogy tracing the descendants of Cain is given in ((bibleverse|Genesis|4|YLT)), while the line from Seth down to Noah appears in ((bibleverse|Genesis|5|YLT)).  Scholars have noted similarities between these descents: most of the names in each are variants of those in the other, though their order differs, with the names of Enoch and Mahalalel/Mehujael switching places in the two pedigrees.((sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=112))<ref>((cite book|title=A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part I From Adam to Noah|translator=[[Israel Abrahams]] |author=Cassuto, Umberto|author-link=Umberto Cassuto|pages=266|location=Jerusalem|publisher=The Magnes Press|year=1972|isbn=978-965-223-480-3|quote=The names of the founding fathers of the world in our chapter, beginning with Enosh, bear a remarkable resemblance to the names that appear in the family-tree of the sons of Cain.{...}the series Mahalalel-Jared-Enoch parallels, in reverse order, the series Enoch-Irad-Meḥujael{...}the similarity is striking, and cannot be regarded as fortuitous.))</ref> It is "as if they were different versions of the same underlying tradition."<ref>((cite book|last=Bandstra|first=Barry L. |title=Reading the Old Testament: An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible|publisher=Wadsworth|year=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/readingoldtestam00band_309 |url-access=limited|pages=[https://archive.org/details/readingoldtestam00band_309/page/n87 59]-60|isbn=9780495391050 ))</ref>  This has led to speculation that a single original genealogical descent had diverged during independent transmission, only to be brought back together and put to different uses when the Book of Genesis was compiled from its [[Jahwist]] and [[Priestly source]]s.<ref>((cite book|last=McEntire|first=Mark|title=Struggling with God: An Introduction to the Pentateuch|publisher=Mercer University Press|year=2008|pages=59–60))</ref><ref name=Hooke>((cite book|last=Hooke|first=S. H.|title=Middle Eastern Mythology: From the Assyrians to the Hebrews|url=https://archive.org/details/middleeasternmyt0000hook|url-access=registration|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1963|pages=[https://archive.org/details/middleeasternmyt0000hook/page/127 127-128]))</ref>

((chart top|Comparison of descents from Adam given in ''Genesis''<br />(Generations aligned as per Hooke.<ref name=Hooke />)|collapsed=no))
((chart/start |align=center))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | ADA |y| EVE | | |ADA=[[Adam]]|EVE=[[Eve]]))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| |))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |!| | | | ABE | | | SET |ABE=[[Abel]]|SET=[[Seth]]))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | ENS |ENS=[[Enos (biblical figure)|Enos]] (Enosh)))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |))
((chart|border=0 |boxstyle=background:palegreen; | | | | | | | CAI | | | | | | | | KEN |CAI=[[Cain]]|KEN=[[Kenan|Cainan]] (Kenan)))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | |ENC  | |7| | |S|P| |MAH  |ENC=[[Enoch (son of Cain)|Enoch]]|MAH=[[Mahalalel]]|boxstyle_ENC  =background-color: lavender;|boxstyle_MAH  =background-color: seashell;))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |!| | |:| |S|Z| | | |!| |))
((chart|border=0 |boxstyle=background:lightyellow;| | | | | | | IRA | |L|~|a2|~|7| | JAR |IRA=[[Irad]]|JAR=[[Jared (biblical figure)|Jared]]))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |!| | | |S|Z| |:| | |!| |))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | |MEH  | |P|Z| | |L| |ENO  |MEH=[[Mehujael]]|ENO=[[Enoch (ancestor of Noah)|Enoch]]|boxstyle_ENO  =background-color: lavender;|boxstyle_MEH  =background-color: seashell;))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |))
((chart|border=0 |boxstyle=background:lightcyan;| | | | | | | MEL | | | | | | | | MEH |MEL=[[Methushael]]|MEH=[[Methuselah]]))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| |))
((chart|border=0 | | ADA |y|~|LAH  |~|y| ZIL | | |LAM  |LAH=[[Lamech (descendant of Cain)|Lamech]]|ADA=[[Adah (wife of Lamech)|Adah]]|ZIL=[[Zillah (Bible)|Zillah]]|LAM=[[Lamech (father of Noah)|Lamech]]|boxstyle_LAH  =background-color: pink;|boxstyle_LAM  =background-color: pink;))
((chart|border=0 | |,|-|-|^|.| | | |,|^|-|-|.| | | |!| |))
((chart|border=0 | JAB | | JUB | | TUB | | NAA | | NOA |JAB=[[Jabal (Bible)|Jabal]]|JUB=[[Jubal (Bible)|Jubal]]|TUB=[[Tubal-cain|Tubal-Cain]]|NAA=[[Naamah (Genesis)|Naamah]]|NOA=[[Noah]]))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.|))
((chart|border=0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SHM | | HAM | | JPH|SHM=[[Shem]]|HAM=[[Ham (son of Noah)|Ham]]|JPH=[[Japheth]]))
((chart/end))
((chart bottom))

==Generations of Noah==
((main|Generations of Noah))
Following the [[Genesis flood narrative]], a large multi-branched genealogy presents the descendants of the sons of Noah. (((bibleverse|Genesis|10:9|HE))) The 70 names given represent biblical geography, consisting of local [[ethnonym]]s and [[toponym]]s presented in the form of [[eponymous ancestor]]s (names in [[origin myth|origin-myth]] genealogies that are to be understood as ancestors and embodiments of the peoples whose names they bear). This is a symbolic presentation of the peopling of the world and indicates a view of the unity of the human race.((sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=156)) The peoples and places are not organised by geography, [[language family]] or [[ethnic groups]],((sfn|Gmirkin|2006|p=140–141)) and probably do not represent the geography of a particular point in history, instead deriving from an old nucleus of geographical knowledge to which additional names/peoples were subsequently added.((sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=156–157))

==Abraham's family tree==
((Further|Abraham's family tree))
The following is a family tree((dubious|date=February 2023)) for the descendants of the line of [[Noah]]'s son [[Shem]], through [[Abraham]] to [[Jacob]] and his sons. Dashed lines are marriage connections.
((Abraham Family Tree))

==Genesis chrono-genealogy==
The numbers given in the text are usually similar but do vary between versions. The numbers in the Masoretic, Samaritan, and [[Lucian of Antioch|Lucianic]] Septuagint versions of Genesis are shown in this table:<ref>((cite book|author=John Skinner|title=A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Genesis|publisher=T&T Clark, Edinburgh|orig-year=1910|year=1930|page=134))</ref>

The following table lists the patriarchs that appear in the [[Vulgate]] and the Septuagint, but their names are spelled as they appear in the [[King James Version]] of the Bible. Their year of birth differs according to the Vulgate or the Septuagint. Also given is each patriarch's age at the birth of his named son and the age of the patriarch's death. Cainan, born after the flood, is mentioned in the Septuagint but not the Vulgate.<ref>((cite book|title=A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part II From Noah to Abraham|translator=[[Israel Abrahams]]|author=Cassuto, Umberto|author-link=Umberto Cassuto|pages=251|location=Jerusalem|publisher=The Magnes Press|year=1974|isbn=978-965-223-540-4 |quote=Also here, just as in chapter x (and in agreement with the Book of Jubilees), the Septuagint adds Kenan between Arpachshad and Shelah. Certain scholars suppose that this was the original form of the text{...}the mention of Kenan is not part of the original text, but a later interpolation of no value.))</ref> Methuselah survived the flood according to the Septuagint (but not the Vulgate), even though he was not on [[Noah's Ark]].<ref>((cite book |title=A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part I From Adam to Noah|translator=[[Israel Abrahams]]|author=Cassuto, Umberto|author-link=Umberto Cassuto|pages=264–5|location=Jerusalem|publisher=The Magnes Press|year=1972|isbn=978-965-223-480-3|quote=In the case of Methuselah there is a deviation only in a few MSS, which give his age at the birth of Lamech as 167 years (twenty years less than the Masoretic figure), but apparently this is a mistake, for according to this reckoning Methuselah would have survived the flood. The number 187 found in the other MSS is not a later correction to make it accord with the Masoretic text, but the original reading of the Septuagint. The error may derive from the number 67 in the Samaritan text.))</ref>

The genealogies of Genesis contain a difficulty with regards to the birth of [[Arphaxad]]. One method of calculating places the birth of Arphaxad 600 years after the birth of Noah, while another places Arphaxad's birth 602 years after Noah.<ref>((cite journal|author=James Barr|year=1985|url=https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/api/datastream?publicationPid=uk-ac-man-scw:1m1647&datastreamId=POST-PEER-REVIEW-PUBLISHERS-DOCUMENT.PDF|title=Why the World Was Created in 4004 BC: Archbishop Ussher and Biblical Chronology|journal=Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester|volume=67|pages=584–587, 606, 608))</ref> The table below uses the 602-year method; the 600 year method would decrease the date for Arphaxad and all the following figures by two years.((citation needed|date=December 2022))

This chart counts year totals only.  ''[[Anno Mundi]]'' (AM, or 'in the year of the world') can be calculated by adding '''2''' to any given value in either the "Birth" or "Death" columns. The result will give a corresponding date in AM.<ref name=":3">[[Anno Mundi#Jewish tradition]]

Occasionally in Talmudic writings, reference was made to other starting points for eras, such as Destruction Era dating, being the number of years since the AD 70 [[Siege of Jerusalem (70)|destruction of the Second Temple]], and the number of years since the [[Dating Creation|Creation year]] based on the calculation in the [[Seder Olam Rabbah]] of Rabbi [[Jose ben Halafta]] in about AD 160. By his calculation, based on the [[Masoretic Text]], [[Adam]] and [[Eve]] were created on 1st of Tishrei ([[Rosh Hashanah]]) Day 1 in 3760 BC, later confirmed by the Muslim chronologist [[al-Biruni]] as 3448 years before the [[Seleucid era]]. An example is the c. 8th-century AD [[Baraita of Samuel]].</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> The [[Epoch (reference date)|epoch]] for this calendar system is 3761 BC.<ref>[[Hebrew calendar#Anno Mundi]]

The Jewish calendar's epoch (reference date), 1 Tishrei AM 1, is equivalent to Monday, 7 October '''3761 BC''' in the proleptic Julian calendar, the equivalent tabular date (same daylight period) and is about one year before the traditional Jewish date of Creation on 25 Elul AM 1, based upon the Seder Olam Rabbah.</ref>''<ref name=":4" />''

''(Note: the numbers in green are consistent across all versions, while the numbers in yellow are contradicted in one other version and the numbers in red are contradicted by more than one of the other versions.)''
{| border=1 align=center cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 style="border:0px;"
|-
! style="border:0px;" colspan=2 |  &nbsp; !!  rowspan=23 bgcolor=blue | &nbsp; || colspan="5" bgcolor="lightblue" | Masoretic & Vulgate !! rowspan=23 bgcolor=blue | &nbsp; || colspan="5" bgcolor="lightblue" | Samaritan Pentateuch !! rowspan="23" bgcolor="blue" | &nbsp; || colspan="5" bgcolor="lightblue" | Septuagint (Lucian) !! rowspan="23" bgcolor="blue" | &nbsp; || style="border:0px;" | &nbsp;
|-bgcolor=yellow
! Patriarch !! Meaning || <sub>Birth</sub> !! <sub>Son</sub> !! <sub>Remain</sub> !! <sub>Lived</sub> 
!<sub>Death</sub>!! <sub>Birth</sub> !! <sub>Son</sub> !! <sub>Remain</sub> !! <sub>Lived</sub> 
!<sub>Death</sub>!! <sub>Birth</sub> !! <sub>Son</sub> !! <sub>Remain</sub> !! <sub>Lived</sub> 
!<sub>Death</sub>!! Wife/Wives/etc
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|1|21|Adam)) || align=left | <small>"humanity"<ref name="ClendenenHoward2015">((cite book|author1=Robert D. Bergen|editor1=E. Ray Clendenen|editor2=Jeremy Royal Howard|title=The Holman Illustrated Bible Commentary|chapter=Genesis|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DqzrCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|year=2015|publisher=B&H Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8054-9930-8|page=14))</ref></small>
| 0 || ((maybe|130)) || 800 || ((yes|930))
|930
| 0 || ((maybe|130)) || 800 || ((yes|930))
|930
| 0 || ((no|230)) || 700 || ((yes|930))
|930
| align=left | Eve
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|83|52|Seth)) || align=left | <small>possibly "substitution"<ref name="AlexanderBaker2003">((cite book|editor1=T. Desmond Alexander|editor2=David W. Baker|title=Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ao5ecZ0ZsG8C&pg=PA739|date=13 January 2003|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-1781-8|page=739))</ref></small>
| 130 || ((maybe|105)) || 807 || ((yes|912))
|1042
| 130 || ((maybe|105)) || 807 || ((yes|912))
|1042
| 230 || ((no|205)) || 707 || ((yes|912))
|1142
| align=left |
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|5|83|Enosh)) || align=left | <small>"humanity"<ref name="ClendenenHoward2015" /></small>
| 235 || ((maybe|90))   || 815 || ((yes|905))
|1140
| 235 || ((maybe|90))   || 815 || ((yes|905))
|1140
| 435 || ((no|190)) || 715 || ((yes|905))
|1340
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|70|18|Kenan)) || align=left | <small>etymology uncertain<ref name="ToornBecking1999">((cite book|editor1=Karel van der Toorn|editor2=Bob Becking|editor3=Pieter Willem van der Horst|title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCkRz5pfxz0C&pg=PA479|year=1999|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-2491-2|page=479))</ref></small>
| 325 || ((maybe|70)) || 840 || ((yes|910))
|1235
| 325 || ((maybe|70)) || 840 || ((yes|910))
|1235
| 625 || ((no|170)) || 740 || ((yes|910))
|1535
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|41|11|Mahalalel)) || align=left | <small>"praising El" / "praise of El"<ref name="Hess2007">((cite book|author=Richard S. Hess|title=Israelite Religions: An Archaeological and Biblical Survey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jNoqNRDYDUC&pg=PA176|date=2007|publisher=Baker Academic|isbn=978-1-4412-0112-6|page=176))</ref></small>
| 395 || ((maybe|65))   || 830 || ((yes|895))
|1290
| 395 || ((maybe|65))   || 830 || ((yes|895))
|1290
| 795 || ((no|165)) || 730 || ((yes|895))
|1690
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|33|82|Jared)) || align=left | <small>"to descend"<ref name="Hess2007" /></small>
| 460 || ((maybe|162)) || 800 || ((maybe|962))
|1422
| 460 || ((no|62))   || 785 || ((no|847))
|1307
| 960 || ((maybe|162)) || 800 || ((maybe|962))
|1922
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|25|85|Enoch)) || align=left | <small>etymology uncertain<ref name="Boccaccini2007">((cite book|author=Gabriele Boccaccini|title=Enoch and the Messiah Son of Man: Revisiting the Book of Parables|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kc6mzRRrkrIC&pg=PA114|year=2007|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-0377-1|page=114))</ref></small>
| 622 || ((maybe|65)) || 300 || ((yes|365¹))  
|987
| 522 || ((maybe|65)) || 300 || ((yes|365¹))  
|887
| 1122 || ((no|165)) || 200 || ((yes|365¹)) 
|1487
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|49|68|Methuselah)) || align=left | <small>meaning uncertain<ref>For the proposed etymologies "man of the dart" or "his death shall bring judgement," see Cornwall and Stelman Smith, ''The Exhaustive Dictionary of Bible Names''</ref><ref>For the proposed etymologies "devotee of Shalach" and other possibilities, see ((cite book|author=Richard S. Hess|title=Israelite Religions: An Archaeological and Biblical Survey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jNoqNRDYDUC&pg=PA176|date=15 October 2007|publisher=Baker Academic|isbn=978-1-4412-0112-6|page=176))</ref></small>
| 687   || ((no|187)) || 782 || ((maybe|969))
|1656
| 587   || ((no|67))   || 653 || ((no|720))
|1307
| 1287 || ((no|187)) || 782 || ((maybe|969))
|2256
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|39|29|Lamech)) || align=left | <small>meaning unknown<ref name="Hess2007"/></small>
| 874   || ((no|182)) || 595 || ((no|777))
|1651
| 654   || ((no|53))   || 600 || ((no|653))
|1307
| 1454 || ((no|188)) || 565 || ((no|753))
|2207
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|51|46|Noah)) || align=left | <small>meaning uncertain<ref name="Gnuse2014">Proposals include "rest", "comfort", and "settle down" (in an agricultural sense). ((cite book|author=Robert Gnuse|title=Misunderstood Stories: Theological Commentary on Genesis 1-11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V20NBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA226|date=20 March 2014|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-63087-157-4|page=226))</ref></small>
| 1056 || ((yes|502<sup>2</sup>))  || —|| ((yes|950))
|2006
| 707 || ((yes|502<sup>2</sup>)) || —|| ((yes|950))
|1657
| 1642 || ((yes|502<sup>2</sup>)) || —|| ((yes|950))
|2592
| align=left |
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|80|35|Shem)) || align=left | <small>name</small>
| 1558 || ((yes|100)) || 500 || ((yes|600))
|2158
| 1209 || ((yes|100)) || 500 || ((yes|600))
|1809
| 2144 || ((yes|100)) || 500 || ((yes|600))
|2744
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|7|75|Arphaxad)) || align=left | <small>meaning uncertain<ref name="Mandel2010">((cite book|author=David Mandel|title=Who's Who in the Jewish Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yzmi5_408K4C&pg=PA42|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|isbn=978-0-8276-1029-3|pages=42–43))</ref></small>
| 1658 || ((no|35))   || 403 || ((maybe|438))
|2096
| 1309 || ((maybe|135)) || 303 || ((maybe|438))
|1747
| 2244 || ((maybe|135)) || 430 || ((no|565))
|2809
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Gstrong's|25|36|Cainan)) || align=left | <small>meaning uncertain<ref name="ToornBecking1999" /></small>
| —|| —|| —|| —
|—
| —|| —||  —|| —
|—
| 2379 || ((no|130)) || 330 || ((no|460))
|2839
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|79|74|Salah)) || align=left | <small>branch<ref name="Mandel2007">((cite book|author=David Mandel|title=The Ultimate Who's Who in the Bible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ULLDDnK0MsQC&pg=PA587|year=2007|publisher=Bridge-Logos|isbn=978-0-88270-372-5|page=587))</ref></small>
| 1693 || ((no|30))   || 403 || ((maybe|433))
|2126
| 1444 || ((maybe|130)) || 303 || ((maybe|433))
|1877
| 2509 || ((maybe|130)) || 330 || ((no|460))
|2969
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|56|77|Eber)) || align=left | <small>possibly "traveler"<ref>((cite book|editor1=J. D. Douglas|editor2=Merrill C. Tenney|title=Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Tq7UcPMwacC&pg=PA382|date=3 May 2011|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=978-0-310-49235-1|page=382))</ref></small>
| 1723 || ((no|34))   || 430 || ((no|464))
|2187
| 1574 || ((maybe|134)) || 270 || ((maybe|404))
|1978
| 2639 || ((maybe|134)) || 270 || ((maybe|404))
|3043
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|63|89|Peleg)) || align=left | <small>etymology disputed<ref name="Bellinzoni">((cite book|author=Arthur J. Bellinzoni|title=Old Testament: An Introduction to Biblical Scholarship|date=5 March 2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=btfY5N5nRbQC&pg=PA77|publisher=Prometheus Books, Publishers|isbn=978-1-61592-264-2|page=77))</ref></small>
| 1757 || ((no|30))   || 209 || ((maybe|239))
|1996
| 1708 || ((maybe|130)) || 109 || ((maybe|239))
|1947
| 2773 || ((maybe|130)) || 209 || ((no|339))
|3112
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|74|66|Reu)) || align=left | <small>possibly "shepherd" or "friend"<ref name="Bellinzoni" /></small>
| 1787 || ((no|32))   || 207 || ((maybe|239))
|2026
| 1838 || ((maybe|132)) || 107 || ((maybe|239))
|2077
| 2903 || ((maybe|132)) || 207 || ((no|339))
|3242
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|82|86|Serug)) || align=left | <small>Sarug (name of a city)<ref>((cite book|author=Francis Brown|year=1899|chapter=Serug|editor1=Cheyne|editor2=Black|title=Encyclopaedia Biblica))</ref></small>
| 1819 || ((no|30))   || 200 || ((maybe|230))
|2049
| 1970 || ((maybe|130)) || 100 || ((maybe|230))
|2200
| 3035 || ((maybe|130)) || 200 || ((no|330))
|3365
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|51|52|Nahor)) || align=left | <small>snorting</small>
| 1849 || ((no|29)) || 119 || ((maybe|148))
|1997
| 2100 || ((no|79)) || 69  || ((maybe|148))
|2248
| 3165 || ((no|179)) || 125 || ((no|304))
|3469
| align=left |
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's|86|46|Terah)) || align=left | <small>etymology debated<ref name="Bellinzoni" /></small>
| 1878 || ((yes|70)) || 135      || ((no|205))
|2083
| 2179 || ((yes|70)) || 75       || ((no|145))
|2324
| 3344 || ((yes|70)) || 205      || ((no|275))
|3619
| align=left | 
|-align=right

| align=left | ((Hstrong's||87|Abram)) || align=left | <small>exalted father</small>
| 1948 ||   ((yes|100))    || —|| ((yes|175))
|2123
| 2249 ||   ((yes|100))   || —|| ((yes|175))
|2424
| 3414 ||   ((yes|100))    || —|| ((yes|175))
|3589
| align=left | Sarai;&nbsp;(Hagar);&nbsp;Keturah
|}

<sup>1</sup>According to most interpretations, including the New Testament [[Epistle to the Hebrews]], Enoch did not die,<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.ebible.org/bible/kjv/Hebrews.htm#C11V1|title=Hebrews 11:5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918041441/http://ebible.org/bible/kjv/Hebrews.htm#C11V1|archive-date=2008-09-18|work=King James Version))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022)) but was taken away by God (at an age of 365).
Genesis states that Enoch "walked with God; and he ''[was]'' not; for God took him."<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.ebible.org/bible/kjv/Genesis.htm#C5V1|title=Genesis 5:24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302110023/http://ebible.org/bible/kjv/Genesis.htm#C5V1|archive-date=2009-03-02|work=King James Version))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022))

<sup>2</sup>On this chart Noah is listed as having lived 502 years when he begat Shem and this calculation is based on the birth year of Arphaxad.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/11-10.htm|title=Genesis 11:10 KJV: These are the generations of Shem: Shem was an hundred years old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-19))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022)) The extra-biblical [[Sefer haYashar (midrash)|Book of Jasher]] also mentions that Noah was 502 years old when his wife Naamah bore Shem.<ref>Jasher 5:18 And Noah was five hundred and two years old when Naamah bore Shem, and the boys grew up and went in the ways of the Lord, in all that Methuselah and Noah their father taught them.</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022))

===Number symbolism===
The following table lists all the ages of the patriarchs from Adam to Moses in the Masoretic Text, which add up to 12,600.<ref name="north">((cite book|author=Jeremy Northcote|chapter=The Lifespans of the Patriarchs: Schematic Orderings in the Chrono-Genealogy|title=Vetus Testamentum|year=2007|pages=243–257, esp. 245, 247))</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Patriarchs !! Age !! Patriarchs !! Age
|-
| 1. Adam || 930 || 14. Eber || 464
|-
| 2. Seth || 912 || 15. Peleg || 239
|-
| 3. Enosh || 905 || 16. Reu || 239
|-
| 4. Kenon || 910 || 17. Serug || 230
|-
| 5. Mehalalel || 895 || 18. Nahor || 148
|-
| 6. Jared || 962 || 19. Terah || 205
|-
| 7. Enoch || 365 || 20. Abraham || 175
|-
| 8. Methuselah || 969 || 21. Isaac|| 180
|-
| 9. Lamech || 777 || 22. Jacob || 147
|-
| 10. Noah || 950 || 23. Levi || 137
|-
| 11. Shem || 600 || 24. Kohath || 133
|-
| 12. Arpachshad || 438 || 25. Amram || 137
|-
| 13. Shelah || 433 || 26. Moses || 120
|-
| TOTAL  || || || 12,600
|}

The value of 12,600 is a variant of the symbolic value of 1,260 later used in the [[Book of Revelation]] (e.g. Rev. 11:2–11; 12:4–6, 11; 13:5((primary source inline|date=December 2022))), although may derive from earlier traditions.((citation needed|date=October 2021)) Another example of the numerical schema of 12,600 can be found in the [[War Scroll]] discovered at [[Qumran]], where "the Sons of Light shall fight against the Sons of Darkness in the final days for a period of 35 years. Employing the Jewish luni-solar calendar of the 360-day year, 35 years equals 12,600 days."<ref name="north" /> The patriarchal ages were individually selected to achieve this total.((citation needed|date=December 2022))

=== Usage of Anno Mundi  ===
The current formal usage of the [[Anno Mundi]] [[calendar era]] is implemented based on the calculations of [[Maimonides]] in ''[[Mishneh Torah]]'' (completed in AD 1178).<ref>((Cite book|title=Mishneh Torah|pages=Section: Sanctification of the Moon 11.16))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022)) It is the official method of calculating years for the [[Hebrew calendar]] currently in use. Based on a calculation using the Masoretic Text recorded in the ''[[Seder Olam Rabbah]]'' (c 160 AD) of Rabbi [[Jose ben Halafta]], the first five days of creation in Genesis were in Anno Mundi 1,<ref name=":4">((Cite web|url=http://www.chabad.org/calendar/view/day_cdo/aid/156820/jewish/Creation.htm|title=Creation (3761 BC)|website=www.chabad.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-23))</ref> and the creation of [[Adam]] was on 1 [[Tishrei]] (Rosh Hashanah) in Anno Mundi 2<ref name=":1">((Cite web|url=http://www.chabad.org/calendar/view/day_cdo/aid/150485/jewish/Adam-Eve.htm|title=Birthday of Adam & Eve (3760 BC)|website=www.chabad.org|publisher=Chabad-Lubavitch Media Center|language=en|access-date=2018-01-23))</ref><ref name=":2">((Cite web|url=http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/526875/jewish/The-Jewish-Year.htm|title=The Jewish Year|website=www.chabad.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-23))</ref> which corresponds to 3760 BC.<ref name=":3" /><ref>See [[The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries]]</ref> The official Anno Mundi epoch is Anno Mundi 1. This first year begins almost a full year before creation and is commonly referred to as ''The Year Of Emptiness'' or ''The Ascension Year'' in Jewish tradition and coincides with the years 3761/3760 BC.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.tondering.dk/claus/cal/hebrew.php|title=The Hebrew Calendar|last=Tøndering|first=Claus|date=2014|website=www.tondering.dk|access-date=October 23, 2015))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://hebrewcalendar.tripod.com/luachmail.html#029|title=Is Creation at AM 1 or AM 2?|last=Landau|first=Remy|date=February 16, 2005|website=hebrewcalendar.tripod.com|access-date=October 23, 2015))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://strangeside.com/calendar-when-does-it-start/|title=Calendar — when does it start|website=strangeside.com|access-date=October 23, 2015))</ref>

=== Counting years ===
Counting a number of years based on an annual fixed calendar date yields a different result from a rolling year count based on dates such as birthdays which have the possibility of being at any time of the year and change depending on the individual. Using this method has led some chronologists to add or subtract a 0.5 year margin to/from the birth year of each patriarch to account for unknown birth dates.((citation needed|date=December 2022))

The first mention in Genesis of the use of a fixed method to reckon years is made in Genesis 1 referring to the "lights in the firmament".<ref>((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/1-14.htm|title=Genesis 1:14 KJV: And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-21))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022)) A fixed calendar system is usually determined by an annual epoch such as New Year's Day (1 January) which is fixed by the alignment of astronomical objects; the reckoning of the year occurs on its epoch. Years represented in Anno Mundi dates could be interpreted to be in alignment with Rosh Hashanah and are counted according to its annual occurrence.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11499-new-year|title=NEW-YEAR - JewishEncyclopedia.com|website=www.jewishencyclopedia.com|access-date=2018-01-23))</ref>

=== Birth years of Shem and Arphaxad ===
There are several different interpretations as to the exact birth year of Shem and his son Arphaxad. Based on Noah being at least 500 years old when he began to beget children<ref>((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/5-32.htm|title=Genesis 5:32 KJV: And Noah was five hundred years old: and Noah begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth.|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-19))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022)) and Noah's sons each having an age difference,<ref>((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/9-24.htm|title=Genesis 9:24 KJV: And Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had done unto him.|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-19))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/10-21.htm|title=Genesis 10:21 KJV: Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born.|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-19))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022)) it is not uncommon to encounter chronologies that list Shem as being 98 years old when the flood began. Shem begat Arphaxad two years after the flood when he was 100 years old.<ref name=":0" />

In the Masoretic, Vulgate and the Samaritan Pentateuch the method of starting from the birth of Noah and adding exactly 500 years until Shem, and adding another 100 years until the birth of Arphaxad <sup>(Born 2 years after the flood)</sup> would be the same year as the death of Methuselah following the above chart.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/5-27.htm|title=Genesis 5:27 KJV: And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred sixty and nine years: and he died.|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-19))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022)) Since Methuselah was not mentioned in Genesis among those who were aboard the ark,<ref>((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/7-7.htm|title=Genesis 7:7 KJV: And Noah went in, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives with him, into the ark, because of the waters of the flood.|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-21))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/7-23.htm|title=Genesis 7:23 KJV: And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth: and Noah only remained alive, and they that were with him in the ark.|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-21))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022)) it is possible that his death came in the same year of the flood.((citation needed|date=December 2022))

Based on the Masoretic Text, counting 1656 years on the above chart will result in being the 600th year of Noah's life, the year of the death of Methuselah and year that the flood began.<ref>((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/7-6.htm|title=Genesis 7:6 KJV: And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters was upon the earth.|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-19))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=http://biblehub.com/kjv/genesis/7-11.htm|title=Genesis 7:11 KJV: In the six hundredth year of Noah's life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.|website=biblehub.com|access-date=2018-01-21))</ref>((primary source inline|date=December 2022)) The two-year discrepancy is commonly resolved by rendering the birth year of Shem in the same year that Noah was 502 years old, and rendering Arphaxad as having been born two years after the death of Methuselah and the flood.((citation needed|date=December 2022))

===Differences in the numbers===
A comparison of the Genesis 5 numbers (Adam through Noah) in the above table shows that the ages when the sons were born plus the remainders equal the totals given in each version, but each version uses different numbers to arrive at these totals. The three versions agree on some of the total ages at death, but many of the other numbers differ by exactly 100 years. The Septuagint ages of the fathers at the birth of their sons are in many instances 100 years greater than the corresponding ages in the other two versions; in Genesis 11 some of the Samaritan Pentateuch ages agree with the Septuagint ages and are also 100 years beyond that of the Masoretic and Vulgate versions.<ref>((cite book|title=A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part I From Adam to Noah|translator=[[Israel Abrahams]]|author=Cassuto, Umberto|author-link=Umberto Cassuto|pages=264|location=Jerusalem|publisher=The Magnes Press|year=1972|isbn=978-965-223-480-3|quote=In the Septuagint,{...}the figures for the years prior to the birth of the first son show divergences in most instances,{...}For Adam, Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, and Enoch, the number is higher than that of the Masorah by a century))</ref><ref>((cite book|title=A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part II From Noah to Abraham|translator=[[Israel Abrahams]]|author=Cassuto, Umberto|author-link=Umberto Cassuto|pages=258|location=Jerusalem|publisher=The Magnes Press|year=1974|isbn=978-965-223-540-4|quote=In the Samaritan Pentateuch, the ages of the patriarchs at the time of birth of the first son, from Arpachshad to Serug, exceed those of the Masoretic text by a hundred years;{...}In the Septuagint{...}In most cases, the father's age at the birth of his first-born is identical with that of the Samaritan recension (in some MSS the age of Nahor exceeds that given in the Samaritan Pentateuch by a hundred years),{...))}</ref>

The Samaritan chronology has Jared, Methuselah, and Lamech dying in Noah's 600th year, the year of the flood. The Masoretic chronology also has Methuselah dying in Noah's 600th year, but the Masoretic version uses a different chronology than the Samaritan version, with about 350 extra years between creation and flood. The Lucianic text of the Septuagint has Methuselah surviving the flood and therefore the 100 year differences were not an attempt by the Septuagint editors to have Jared, Methuselah, or Lamech die during or prior to the flood.<ref>((cite journal|author=[[Ralph W. Klein]]|title=Archaic Chronologies and the Textual History of the Old Testament|journal=Harvard Theol Review|volume=67|year=1974|issue=3|pages=255–263|doi=10.1017/S0017816000016801|s2cid=161376823 ))</ref> Some scholars<ref>((cite journal|author=Gerhard Larsson|title=The Chronology of the Pentateuch: A Comparison of the MT and LXX|journal=Journal of Biblical Literature|volume=102|year=1983|issue=3 |pages=401–409|doi=10.2307/3261014|jstor=3261014))</ref> argue that the differences between the Masoretic and Septuagint chronologies in Genesis 5 can be explained as alterations designed to rationalize a primary Masoretic system of chronology to a later Septuagint system. According to another scholar,<ref name="Tov">((cite book|author=Emanuel Tov|title=Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible|location=Minneapolis|publisher=Fortress Press|year=1992|pages=11, 352))</ref> to assume that the Masoretic Text is primary "is a mere convention for the scholarly world" and "it should not be postulated in advance that MT reflects the original text of the biblical books better than the other texts." The present-day Greek Orthodox Septuagint text still offers the Lucianic numbers for Methuselah,<ref>See e.g. the Septuagint text of Genesis 5 in ((citation|title=Myriobiblos|url=http://www.myriobiblos.gr/bible/ot/chapter.asp?book=1&page=5)) or the text offered by the ((citation|title=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America and the Hellenic Bible Society|url=https://www.septuagint.bible/genesis/-/asset_publisher/l5tBRlYCzctt/content/kephalaio-5))</ref> which undoubtedly are the numbers as found in the original Septuagint text, most likely based on the Hebrew original that was used for the translation. This opens the possibility that these were the original numbers in the Hebrew tradition also, that only later, after discovering the chronological discrepancy, have been changed by adapting the Methuselah numbers to 167+782=969 (in some Septuagint manuscripts) or to 187+782=969 (in some other Septuagint manuscripts as well as in the present-day Masoretic text). The scholarly Septuagint translation of the Hebrew [[Pentateuch]] into Greek at Alexandria, Egypt, in about 280 BC worked from a Hebrew text that was edited in the 5th and 4th centuries BC.<ref>((cite book|editor=Charles M. Laymon|title=The Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary on the Bible|publisher=Abingdon Press|location=Nashville|year=1971|page=1227))</ref> This would be centuries older than the proto–Masoretic Text selected as the official text by the [[Masoretes]].<ref name="Tov"/>

The Genesis 5 ages were presumably intended to be read at face value, as years and not months.<ref>((cite book|title=A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part I From Adam to Noah|translator=[[Israel Abrahams]]|author=Cassuto, Umberto|author-link=Umberto Cassuto|pages=253|location=Jerusalem|publisher=The Magnes Press|year=1972|isbn=978-965-223-480-3|quote=Every one who reads our section is amazed at the great ages attained by the patriarchs of the world, which far exceed the normal bounds of human life. Apologists have, indeed, attempted in various ways to lend credibility to the figures, but these attempts cannot be regarded seriously. To this category, for instance, belongs the hypothesis that the years mentioned here are not years of twelve months each, but much shorter periods of time. It cannot be questioned that words like nine hundred years mean, quite literally, what they state.))</ref> Attempts to rationalize the ages by translating "years" as "months" results in some of the Genesis 5 people fathering children when they were five years old (if the Masoretic chronology is assumed to be primary).<ref>((cite book|author=Joseph Blenkinsopp|title=The Pentateuch|publisher=Doubleday|year=1992|page=74|isbn=0-385-41207-X))</ref>

There is one discrepancy between the antediluvian chronologies of different texts of the Septuagint - the age at which Methuselah gave birth to Lamech: 167 or 187 years. Because of this, the date of the Flood is shifted by 20 years. This difference is probably due to the different lists of the Septuagint from which the translation was made. For example, according to Lucianic version of the Septuagint (end of the 3rd century), the Flood was in 2242, and according to the Code of Alexandria of the Septuagint the Flood was in 2262 from cm. (as in the printed editions of the Septuagint, for example, the Frankfurt Bible or the reconstruction of G. B. Sweet; as well as in the Church Slavonic translation of the Elizabethan Bible).((citation needed|date=December 2022))

==Priestly source==
The [[Priestly source]] illustrates history in Genesis by compiling the genealogy beginning with the "generations of the heavens and the earth" and continuing through Abraham, Ishmael, and Isaac to the descendants of Jacob and Esau. Jacob's descendants are listed in Genesis 46:8-27, beginning with the phrase "these are the names."<ref>Coogan, Michael David. ''The Old Testament: A Historical and Literary Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures.'' THIRD ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 78</ref>

==Similar Mesopotamian traditions==
The genealogies of Genesis have been likened to the Sumerian King List.<ref>((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8ZY3RUQhMQC&q=Genesis&pg=PA242|title=A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts|author=Jöran Friberg|date=October 2007|pages=241–2|isbn=9780387489773|quote=The list of kings and the years of their reigns in the antediluvian part of the Sumerian king list has often been likened to the list of biblical partiarchs in Genesis V.{...}As mentioned already, unrealistically huge numbers are used in the king list for the "legendary reigns" of the antediluvial kings, of the kings of the three first dynasties in Kish, and of kings of the first dynasty in Uruk, while more realistic numbers seem to be used for the "historical reigns" of the remaining dynasties. (Similarly, as was shown above, unrealistically large numbers are used in the list of patriarchs in Genesis V.){...}It is difficult to see any mathematical pattern behind the numbers in any one of the antediluvian king lists, just as behind the numbers in the list of patriarchs in Genesis V.))</ref> Some versions of the latter (not including the oldest known version, where no flood is mentioned)<ref>((Cite journal|last=Steinkeller|first=Piotr|date=2003|title=An Ur III Manuscript of the Sumerian King List|url=https://www.academia.edu/35603955|journal=Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien: Festschrift für Claus Wilcke|pages=267–292))</ref> consist of a list of implausibly long-lived figures, followed by a flood, followed by a list of figures with long but gradually shortening lifespans that move into normal historical lengths. Attempts at finding a correlation between the ages presented in the two lists have been made.<ref>((cite book|title=A Commentary on the Book of Genesis Part I From Adam to Noah|translator=[[Israel Abrahams]]|author=Cassuto, Umberto|author-link=Umberto Cassuto|pages=254–262|location=Jerusalem|publisher=The Magnes Press|year=1972|isbn=978-965-223-480-3))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Chronology of the Bible]]
* [[Genealogies in the Bible]]
* [[Genealogy of Jesus]]
* [[List of oldest fathers]]

==References==
((Reflist))

===Bibliography===
* ((Cite book 
|last                  = Blenkinsopp
|first                 = Joseph 
|title                 = Creation, Un-creation, Re-creation: A Discursive Commentary on Genesis 1–11
|publisher             = A&C Black
|year                  = 2011
|url                   = https://books.google.com/books?id=B12qwOSMD20C
|isbn                 = 9780567372871 
))
* Custance, Arthur C., ''The Roots of the Nations''.[https://web.archive.org/web/20020330025258/http://custance.org/old/noah/ch1bh.html]
* Etz, Donald V., "The Numbers of Genesis V 3-31: a Suggested Conversion and Its Implications", ''[[Vetus Testamentum]]'', Vol. 43, No. 2, 1994, pages 171–187.
* ((Cite book 
|last                  = Gmirkin
|first                 = Russell
|title                 = Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus: Hellenistic Histories and the Date of the Pentateuch
|publisher             = Bloomsbury Publishing USA
|year                  = 2006
|url                   = https://books.google.com/books?id=CKuoAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Table+of+Nations+is+a+subject+of+perpetual+debate%22&pg=PA141
|isbn                 = 9780567134394
))
* Hall, Jonathan, ''Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity'' Cambridge U.Press, 1997. 
* Malkin, Irad, editor, ''Ancient Perceptions of Greek Ethnicity'' in series Center for Hellenic Studies Colloquia, 5. Harvard University Press, 2001. [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2002/2002-08-12.html Reviewed by Margaret C. Miller in ''Bryn Mawr Classical Review,'' 2002]
* Schmandt-Besserat, Denise, ''How Writing Came About'', University of Texas Press, 1996, ((ISBN|0-292-77704-3)).

==External links==
* Sexton, Jeremy. "Who Was Born When Enosh Was 90? A Semantic Reevaluation of William Henry Green's Chronological Gaps," ''Westminster Theological Journal'' 77 (2015): 193-218 (pastorsexton.com/articles)

((Book of Genesis))
((Religious family trees))
((Adam and Eve))

((DEFAULTSORT:Genealogies Of Genesis))
[[Category:Bible genealogy|Genesis]]
[[Category:Book of Genesis people| ]]
[[Category:Longevity myths]]
[[Category:Primeval history]]

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