Geodia megastrella
Geodia megastrella
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Tetractinellida
Family: Geodiidae
Genus: Geodia
Species:
G. megastrella
Binomial name
Geodia megastrella
Carter, 1876

Geodia megastrella is a species of sponge in the family Geodiidae. It is a type of demosponge found in the deep temperate waters of the North Atlantic Ocean.[1] It has characteristic stellar-shaped large spicules coined 'megastrellum', hence its name. The species was first described by Henry John Carter in 1876, after dredging it up aboard H.M.S. 'Porcupine', near the Cape St. Vincent in Portugal.[2]

Morphology

General Body Plan

Geodia megastrella, top and bottom view

Spicules

Megascleres

Microscleres

Variation within Geodia megastrella

When the DNA sequence of Geodia megastrella that is found in the Gulf of Cadiz was compared to a depressio-minibarcode sequence from two other Geodia megastella samples it was found to be one hundred percent identical. However, when the same depressio-minibarcode sequence was compared to a Geodia megastrella found in Scotland and a Geodia megastrella found in the Irving Seamount there was found to be a one base pair difference.[1]

Distribution

Biogeography

Geodia megastrella has only been found in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, above the equator., However, its range is very wide. It has been found in both the northeastern and northwestern parts of the Atlantic, as well as the middle. It has been observed in the following countries:[4]

Bathymetry

Taxonomy

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ a b c d Cárdenas, Paco; Moore, Jon A. (2017-08-25). "First records of Geodia demosponges from the New England seamounts, an opportunity to test the use of DNA mini-barcodes on museum specimens". Marine Biodiversity. 49 (1): 163–174. doi:10.1007/s12526-017-0775-3. ISSN 1867-1616.
  2. ^ Carter, H.J. (December 1876). "XLVII.—Descriptions and figures of deep-sea sponges and their spicules, from the Atlantic ocean, dredged up on board H.M.S. 'Porcupine,' chiefly in 1869 (concluded)". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 18 (108): 458–479. doi:10.1080/00222937608682078. ISSN 0374-5481.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Cárdenas, Paco; Rapp, Hans Tore (2015-08-06). "Demosponges from the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge shed more light on the diversity and biogeography of North Atlantic deep-sea sponges". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 95 (7): 1475–1516. doi:10.1017/s0025315415000983. hdl:1956/11713. ISSN 0025-3154.
  4. ^ "GBIF". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
  5. ^ Coffyn, A.; Gachina, J. (1974). "Les bronzes médocains du Musée de La Rochelle". Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française. Comptes rendus des séances mensuelles. 71 (8): 249–253. doi:10.3406/bspf.1974.8333. ISSN 0373-5451.
  6. ^ SOEST, ROB W.M. VAN; MEESTERS, ERIK H.W.G.; BECKING, LEONTINE E. (2014-10-29). "

    Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curaçao, Southern Caribbean

    "    . Zootaxa. 3878 (5): 401–443. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3878.5.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 25544454. S2CID 4505856.
  7. ^ Fenchel, T.; Ockelmann, K. W. (June 2002). "European register of marine species a check-list of the marine species in Europe and bibliography of guides to their identification". Ophelia. 56 (1): 55. doi:10.1080/00785236.2002.10409489. ISSN 0078-5326. S2CID 87923894.
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