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((Short description|British military officer))
((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))
((more citations needed|date=September 2014))
((Infobox military person
|name= George Olaf Roos-Keppel
|image=George Roos Keppel.jpg
|caption=
|birth_date= 7 September 1866 
|death_date= 11 December 1921
|birth_place=
|death_place=
|placeofburial=
|placeofburial_label=
|nickname=
|allegiance= ((flag|United Kingdom))
|branch= [[British Army]]
|serviceyears= 1886–1920
|rank= [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|Lieutenant Colonel]]
|unit=
|commands=
|battles=[[Third Anglo-Afghan War]]
|awards= [[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (1917)<br />[[Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India]](1915)
|relations=
|laterwork= 
))
'''Sir George Olaf Roos-Keppel''', ((postnominals|country=GBR|sep=,|GCIE|KCSI)) (7 September 1866 – 11 December 1921) was a British military officer who served in the capacities of Political Agent to the [[Governor-General]] in [[Kurram Agency|Kurram]] and [[Khyber Agency|Khyber]], and later as Chief Commissioner, [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier Province]] from 1908 till 1919. He is also known for his role in [[Third Anglo-Afghan War|3rd Afghan War]].<ref>[[Sir Olaf Caroe]], ''The Pathans'', London: Macmillan, 1958</ref>

==Life==
Roos was born in the [[Park Lane]] area of London, the son of Gustaf Ehrenreich Roos, a Swedish merchant in England, and his wife, Elizabeth Annie Roffey, daughter of George Roffey of [[Twickenham]]. He changed his surname in 1890, to Roos-Keppel, at the request of his Dutch-Swedish grandmother. He was educated at [[United Services College, Westward Ho!]], abroad, and at the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]].<ref name="ODNB">((cite ODNB|id=35823|first=T. R.|last=Moreman|title=Keppel, Sir George Olof Roos- [formerly George Olof Roos]))</ref>

George Roos was commissioned a [[Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)|lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Scots Fusiliers]] on 25 August 1886, and was promoted to [[Captain (BARM)|captain]] on 1 September 1895.<ref>Hart's Army list, 1901</ref> He transferred to the [[Indian Staff Corps]] on 19 September 1897.<ref>((London Gazette|issue=27168|page=1264|date=23 February 1900))</ref> He was Political Officer in the Khyber when in March 1900 he was appointed to the temporary command of the [[Khyber Rifles]], a frontier corps.<ref>((Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=19 March 1900 |page=9 |issue=36093))</ref> For his service on the North West Frontier of India, he was appointed a Companion of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] (CIE) in the [[1900 New Year Honours]] list.<ref>((Cite newspaper The Times |title=New Year Honours |date=1 January 1900 |page=9 |issue=36027))</ref><ref>((London Gazette |issue=27150|date=2 January 1900|pages=2–3  ))</ref> Promoted to the [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] rank of [[Major (British Army)|major]] in 1902, he received the substantive rank of major in 1904 and promotion to Brevet [[Lieutenant-colonel (British Army)|lieutenant-colonel]] in 1907. In 1908, he was knighted with the KCIE and was promoted to full Lieutenant-Colonel in 1912.

In 1913, Roos-Keppel, along with Nawab Sir [[Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum]] established [[Islamia College (Peshawar)]], which was inaugurated by [[Turangzai|Haji Sahib Turangzai]]. Roos-Keppel was also president of Central Committee of Examiners in [[Pashto language|Pashto]]. He is credited with foreseeing the genius in the young [[Cambridge University|Cambridge]] graduate [[Allama Mashriqi|Inayatullah Khan]] by appointing him, at the age of 24, the Vice Principal of [[Islamia College (Peshawar)]] in 1913, and then the Principal in 1917. He was appointed a KCSI in 1915 and a GCIE in 1917. He formally retired from the Indian Army in 1920 and died on 11 December of the following year, aged 55.

== Academic contributions ==

Roos-Keppel was well versed in the [[Pashto language|Pashto]] language:
* In 1901, he produced his own editions from T. B. Hughes' English translations of ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=TeJDAAAAYAAJ Ganj-e-Pashto]'' and ''Tarikh-e-[[Mahmud of Ghazni|Sultan Mahmud-e-Ghaznavi]]''. These editions replaced the older versions as [[textbook]]s for [[Military officer]]s.
* He also authored 'The Pashto Manual' as a [[guide book]] on [[colloquial]] Pashto in 1901, followed by a second impression in 1907 while serving as [[Captain (land and air)|Captain]] in the [[Khyber Agency|Khyber]]

== Notes ==
((reflist))

((s-start))
((s-gov))
((succession box | title=[[List of Governors of the North-West Frontier Province|Chief Commissioner of the<br />North-West Frontier Province]] | before=[[Harold Arthur Deane|Harold Deane]] | after=[[William Merck|William Rudolph Henry Merck]] | years=1908–1909))

((succession box |title=2nd term|
years=1910–1913|
before= [[William Merck|William Rudolph Henry Merck]]| 
after=[[John Stuart Donald|Sir John Stuart Donald]]))

((succession box |title=3rd term|
years=1915–1919|
before= [[John Stuart Donald|Sir John Stuart Donald]]| 
after=[[Hamilton Grant|Sir Hamilton Grant]]))

((s-end))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Roos-Keppel, George))
[[Category:1866 births]]
[[Category:1921 deaths]]
[[Category:People from British India]]
[[Category:British military personnel of the Third Anglo-Afghan War]]
[[Category:Indian Staff Corps officers]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Royal Scots Fusiliers officers]]
[[Category:Central Asian studies scholars]]
[[Category:Pashto-language writers]]

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