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((Short description|15th/16th century Italian nobleman and mercenary commander))
((Use dmy dates|date=February 2024))
((Refimprove|date=November 2015))
[[File:Caradosso, placchetta di gian giacomo trivulzio.JPG|thumb|[[Plaquette]] or square medal by [[Cristoforo Foppa]] (d. 1527)]] 
[[File:Trivulzio.jpg|thumb|220px|Gian Giacomo Trivulzio.]]
[[File:2006 - Milano, Palazzo Trivulzio - Portico - Pozzo Sforza-Trivulzio - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto - 20-May-2007.jpg|thumb|220px|Wellhead with the armorial devices of Trivulzio and Sforza (Palazzo Trivulzio, Milan)]]
'''Gian Giacomo Trivulzio''' (1440 or 1441 &ndash; 5 December 1518) was an [[italy|Italian]] aristocrat and ''[[condottiero]]'' who held several military commands during the [[Italian Wars]].

==Biography==
Trivulzio was born in [[Milan]], where he studied, among others, with [[Galeazzo Maria Sforza]]. In 1465, he followed the latter's army in [[France]] to help King [[Louis XI of France|Louis XI]]. He also took part in the [[Duchy of Milan|Milanese]] campaigns against [[Bartolomeo Colleoni]] and fought alongside [[Federico III da Montefeltro]] in the wars in [[Romagna]].

In 1478, he supported the [[Republic of Florence|Florentines]] against [[Pope Sixtus IV]]'s expansionism. Two years later, he acquired the castle of [[Mesocco]]. In 1483, he abandoned [[Ludovico Sforza]] and switched his allegiance to [[Charles VIII of France]]. In 1484, he defeated the [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] at [[Martinengo (Italy)|Martinengo]].

In 1488, he married Beatrice [[d'Avalos]], after his first wife (Margherita Colleoni) had died. In June of the same year, he moved to southern Italy, entering the service of the [[Kingdom of Naples]] and its ruler [[Ferdinand I of Naples|Ferdinand of Aragon]]. The same year, [[Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan|Isabella of Aragon]], daughter of [[Alfonso II of Naples|Prince Alfonso]] and granddaughter of King Ferdinand, married [[Gian Galeazzo Sforza]], formally [[Duchy of Milan|Duke of Milan]]. In 1493, the young duke asked his father-in-law for support to regain his ducal power from his uncle, [[Ludovico Sforza|the Regent Ludovico il Moro]]. Ludovico then asked Charles VIII to invade Naples. Charles swept away any resistance in Italy and soon forced the Neapolitans to sign a peace treaty. The treaty was negotiated by Trivulzio, who in the meantime had been named commander-in-chief of the Neapolitan army. Impressed by Trivulzio's capabilities, Charles decided to engage him, with Ferdinand's permission, for a salary of 10,000 [[ducat (coin)|ducats]] a year.

Trivulzio marched toward France with Charles' army. When the retreating French were attacked by the [[Italian War of 1494–98#League of Venice|League of Venice]] in the [[Battle of Fornovo]] (1495), he fought with the French army. On June 15, 1495, he was appointed governor of [[Asti]] and was given noble titles and territories in France. After Charles died in 1498, his successor, [[Louis XII of France|Louis XII]], mustered a large army under Trivulzio to conquer the Duchy of Milan from Ludovico. Trivulzio took several fortified towns and forced Ludovico to abandon Milan. On 6 October 1499, he presented Louis XII with the keys of the city. Louis made him governor of Milan; he had already made him a [[Marshal of France]] on 29 September.

Trivulzio also took part in the victorious [[Battle of Agnadello]] against the [[Republic of Venice]], and commanded contingents of the French army at [[Battle of Novara (1513)|Novara]] and (this time allied with the Venetians against the Swiss) [[Battle of Marignano|Marignano]]. In 1516, he successfully defended Milan from the assault of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Maximilian I]].

However, the high taxes insisted on by the French, and reports about his behaviour as governor, caused him to fall in disgrace soon afterwards. He went to France to regain his position from King [[Francis I of France|Francis I]], but in vain. He died at [[Arpajon]] (France) in 1518.

His nephew, [[Teodoro Trivulzio]], was also a military commander under France, and was briefly governor of Milan, [[Genoa]] and [[Lyon]].

==Patronage of art==
Trivulzio accumulated huge amounts of money, which he used in part as a patron of the arts, in particular of works by [[Bramantino]]. These include the Trivulzio Mausoleum in the Basilica of [[San Nazaro in Brolo]], where he was buried, and the tapestries cycle of the ''Twelve Months'', now in the [[Castello Sforzesco]] in Milan.

[[Leonardo da Vinci]] converted his design for a large equestrian statue of [[Francesco Sforza]] to depict Trivulzio instead, but it never progressed beyond impressive drawings.

==References==
((commons category|Gian Giacomo Trivulzio))
*((cite book|first=Claudio |last=Rendina|title=I capitani di Ventura|location=Rome|publisher=Newton & Compton|year=1999|isbn=88-8289-974-8 ))


((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Trivulzio, Gian Giacomo))
[[Category:1440s births]]
[[Category:1518 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Milan]]
[[Category:15th-century condottieri]]
[[Category:Marshals of France]]
[[Category:Military leaders of the Italian Wars]]
[[Category:Generals of former Italian states]]
[[Category:House of Trivulzio|Gian Giacomo]]
[[Category:16th-century condottieri]]
[[Category:People of the Italian Wars of 1499–1504]]

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