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((Short description|President of Italy from 1955 to 1962))
((more citations needed|date=January 2013))
((Use dmy dates|date=April 2022))

((Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix    = 
| name                = Giovanni Gronchi
| honorific_suffix    = ((post-nominals|post-noms=[[Italian Order of Merit for Culture and Art|OMCA]]|size=100%))
| image               = Giovanni Gronchi.jpg
| caption             = Official portrait, ((c.)) 1955
| order               = 
| office              = [[President of Italy]]
| primeminister       = [[Mario Scelba]]<br />[[Antonio Segni]]<br />[[Adone Zoli]]<br />[[Amintore Fanfani]]<br />[[Fernando Tambroni]]
| term_start          = 11 May 1955
| term_end            = 11 May 1962
| predecessor         = [[Luigi Einaudi]]
| successor           = [[Antonio Segni]]
| order2              = [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|President of the Chamber of Deputies]]
| predecessor2        = [[Umberto Terracini]]
| successor2          = [[Giovanni Leone]]
| term_start2         = 8 May 1948
| term_end2           = 29 April 1955
| order3              = [[Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (Italy)|Minister of Industry and Trade]]
| term_start3         = 18 June 1944
| term_end3           = 1 July 1946
| primeminister3      = [[Ivanoe Bonomi]]<br />[[Ferruccio Parri]]<br />[[Alcide de Gasperi]]
| predecessor3        = [[Attilio Di Napoli]]
| successor3          = [[Rodolfo Morandi]]
| office4             = Member of the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]
| term_label4         = [[Senators for life in Italy|Life tenure]]
| term_start4         = 11 May 1962
| term_end4           = 17 October 1978
| status4             = ''[[Ex officio]]''
| office5             = Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| term_start5         = 8 May 1948
| term_end5           = 11 May 1955
| constituency5       = [[List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)#Pisa–Livorno–Lucca–Massa Carrara|Pisa]]
| term_start6         = 1 December 1919
| term_end6           = 21 January 1929
| constituency6       = Pisa
| office7             = Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of Italy|Constituent Assembly]]
| term_start7         = 25 June 1946
| term_end7           = 31 January 1948
| constituency7       = Pisa
| birth_date          = ((Birth date|1887|9|10|df=y))
| birth_place         = [[Pontedera]], [[Tuscany]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]
| death_date          = ((Death date and age|1978|10|17|1887|9|10|df=y))
| death_place         = [[Rome]], [[Lazio]], Italy
| nationality         = [[Italian nationality law|Italian]]
| party               = [[Italian People's Party (1919)|Italian People's Party]]<br />((small|(1919–1926)))<br />[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]<br />((small|(1943–1978)))
| spouse              = ((marriage|Carla Bissatini|1941|1978)); his death
| alma_mater          = [[Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa]]
| profession          = [[Teacher]]
| signature           = Giovanni Gronchi signature.svg
))

'''Giovanni Gronchi''', ((post-nominals|post-noms=[[Italian Order of Merit for Culture and Art|OMCA]])) (((IPA-it|dʒoˈvanni ˈɡroŋki)); 10 September 1887 – 17 October 1978)<ref>((cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Uoxr2NtY8oC&pg=PA47|title=Parla il Capo dello Stato: sessanta anni di vita repubblicana attraverso il Quirinale 1946-2006|first=Tito Lucrezio|last=Rizzo|date=23 October 2012|publisher=Gangemi Editore spa|access-date=29 January 2018|via=Google Books|isbn=9788849274608))</ref> was an Italian politician from [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] who served as the [[president of Italy]] from 1955 to 1962 and was marked by a controversial and failed attempt to bring about an "opening to the left" in Italian politics.
He was reputed the [[Éminence grise|real holder]] of the [[Executive (government)|executive power]] in [[Italy]] from 1955 to 1962, behind the various [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Ministers]] of this time.

==Biography==
===Early life and political career===
He was born at [[Pontedera]], [[Tuscany]], and was an early member of the Christian Movement founded by the Catholic priest don [[Romolo Murri]] in 1902.  He obtained his first degree in literature and philosophy at the ''[[Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa]]''. Between 1911 and 1915 he then worked as a high-school teacher of classics in several Italian towns ([[Parma]], [[Massa, Tuscany|Massa di Carrara]], [[Bergamo]] and [[Monza]]).

He volunteered for military service in the [[First World War]] and when it was over he became in 1919 one of the founding members of the Catholic [[Italian Popular Party]]. He was elected to represent Pisa in both the parliamentary elections of 1919 and 1921. A trade-union leader in the Italian Confederation of Christian Workers, in 1922–1923 he served in the first government of [[Benito Mussolini]] as Under-secretary for Industry and Commerce. In April 1923, however, a national meeting of the Popular Party held in [[Turin]] decided to withdraw all PPI representatives from the government. He then went back to his role in the leadership of the Catholic [[trade unions]], and tried to face the daily violence brought against them by the [[fascist]] squads.

In 1924, after [[Luigi Sturzo]] had resigned as Secretary of the PPI, Gronchi became leader of the party, together with two other "triumvirs", ([[Giuseppe Spataro|Spataro]] and [[Giulio Rodinò|Rodinò]]). Re-elected to Parliament in the same year, he joined the [[anti-fascist]] opposition of the so-called [[Aventine Secession (20th century)|Aventine Secession]] (from the hill in Rome where the opposition withdrew from Parliament). In 1926 he was expelled from Parliament by the new regime.

In the years between 1925 and 1943 he thus interrupted his political career. In order to avoid having to become a member of the [[Fascist Party]], he also resigned his position as a schoolteacher, and earned his living as a successful businessman, first as a salesman and then as an industrialist.

===After the Second World War===
In 1943–1944 he was a co-founder of the new [[Christian-Democratic party]] ([[Democrazia Cristiana|DC]]), and became a leader of its [[left-wing]] faction,<ref>((cite book|author=Françoise Boucek|title=Factional Politics. How Dominant Parties Implode or Stabilize|date=2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire |isbn=978-0-230-01993-5|page=146|doi=10.1057/9781137283924|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137283924))</ref> together with men like [[Giorgio La Pira]], [[Giuseppe Dossetti]] and [[Enrico Mattei]] (the future boss of [[Eni|ENI]], the Italian government-owned petrochemical giant). He was also a member of the [[Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale]], the multi-party committee of the Italian Resistance, as a representative of his party.

Although often in conflict with his party's majority and its Secretary [[Alcide De Gasperi]], he served as Industry minister in 1944–1946 and as a member of the [[Constituent Assembly]] in 1946. In 1947, as the [[Cold War]] began, he vehemently opposed his party's decision to expel the Italian [[Italian Communist Party|Communist]] and [[Italian Socialist Party|Socialist]] parties from the national government. From 1948 to 1955 he was elected President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies (the lower branch of Parliament).

==President (1955–1962)==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Gronchi.jpg|thumb|left|President Giovanni Gronchi alongside the Foreign Minister Gaetano Martino.]] -->
In 1955 Luigi Einaudi's term as first President of the Italian Republic came to an end, and Parliament had to choose his successor. The new Secretary of the DC, [[Amintore Fanfani]], was promoting for the job the [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[Cesare Merzagora]], who was then President of the [[Italian Senate|Senate]]. However the extreme [[right-wing]] of the party – led by [[Giuseppe Pella]], [[Guido Gonella]], [[Salvatore Scoca]] and [[Giulio Andreotti]] – joined hands with the trade-unionist left – led by [[Giovanni Pastore]], [[Giorgio Bo]] and [[Achille Marazza]] – in an "uprising" against the party leadership, in order to get Giovanni Gronchi ("Parliament's man") elected instead. The move had the support of the Communist and Socialist parties, and also of the [[monarchic]] and [[neo-fascist]] right. After a bitter battle and the final crumbling of the [[centrist]] front, on 29 April 1955 Gronchi was [[1955 Italian presidential election|elected]] President of the Republic with 658 votes out of 883. He was the first Catholic politician to become Head of the Italian State.<ref name=tim090555>((cite news |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,861442,00.html |title=Italy: Danger on the Left |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=9 May 1955))</ref>

His period in office lasted until 1962. It was marked by the ambition to bring about a gradual "opening to the left", whereby the Socialists and the Communist Party would be brought back into the national government, and Italy would abandon [[NATO]], becoming a [[Non-Aligned Movement|non-aligned]] country. There was however stiff parliamentary opposition to this project, particularly by the small [[Italian Liberal Party (1943)|Italian Liberal Party]], which was deemed a necessary ingredient of any viable majority.

In an attempt to escape the deadlock, in 1959 Gronchi appointed as [[Prime Minister of Italy|prime minister]] a trusted member of his own Catholic left-wing faction, [[Fernando Tambroni]], sending him to Parliament with a "President’s government" but no pre-arranged majority. However Tambroni found himself surviving in Parliament only thanks to [[neo-fascist]] votes. This unforeseen "opening to the right" had serious consequences. In 1960 there were bad riots in several towns of Italy, particularly at [[Genoa]], [[Licata]] and [[Reggio Emilia]], where the police opened fire on demonstrators, killing five people. The Tambroni government thus ended in ignominy; forced to resign, it was followed by an all-DC government, with a traditionally centrist parliamentary majority.

The unhappy Tambroni experiment tarnished Gronchi's reputation for good, and until the end of his period of office he remained a lame-duck President. In 1962 he attempted to get a second mandate, with the powerful help of Enrico Mattei, but the attempt failed and [[Antonio Segni]] was elected instead. As he ceased to be Head of State, he became a [[senator for life|life senator]] by right, according to the Italian [[Constitution]]. He died in Rome on 17 October 1978 at the age of 91.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1978/10/18/giovanni-gronchi-dies/9a7151b6-c079-4afe-8172-509175360a4f/|title=Giovanni Gronchi Dies|date=18 October 1978|access-date=29 January 2018|via=www.WashingtonPost.com))</ref>

===Assessment===
For an overall historical assessment of his presidency, it must be kept in mind the Tambroni failure, with its suggestion of an authoritarian approach. An "opening to the left" of sorts happened soon after his mandate was over; the first [[centre-left]] coalition was formed by [[Aldo Moro]] as soon as 1964, when the Socialists (but not the Communists) entered the government. In the 1970s, the Christian Democrats and Communists made efforts toward what was called the [[Historic Compromise]]. On this basis he might be credited with some important foresight and a lasting influence. Still, it is hard to maintain that his political project had really very much to do with the center-left governments that followed each other between 1964 and 1992. During most of this period the Communists were isolated even more tightly than before, due to the loss of their former Socialist allies and the bitter conflict that followed with them, particularly after [[Bettino Craxi]] became the Socialist leader.  Outside influences were later revealed to be at work as well.  A 2000 Parliament Commission report concluded that the strategy and operations by the clandestine, US-supported, "stay-behind" [[Gladio]] was designed to "stop the PCI, and to a certain degree also the PSI [Italian Socialist Party], from achieving executive power in the country".<ref>((cite web|title=Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta sul terrorismo in Italia e sulle cause della mancata individuazione dei responsabili delle stragi (1995 Parliamentary Commission of Investigation on Terrorism in Italy and on the Causes of the Failing of the Arrests of the Responsibles of the Bombings) |year=1995 |access-date=2 May 2006 |url=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/documents/collection_gladio/report_ital_senate.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060819211212/http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/documents/collection_gladio/report_ital_senate.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2006 |language=it |url-status=dead ))</ref><ref name="Fontana">((Cite news | title=Strage di Piazza Fontana – spunta un agente Usa | date=11 February 1998 | access-date=2 May 2006 | publisher=[[La Repubblica]] | url=http://www.repubblica.it/online/fatti/fontana/fontana/fontana.html|language=it)) It includes links to juridical sentences and Parliamentary Report by the Italian Commission on Terrorism.</ref><ref name="Docs">((in lang|en|it|fr|de)) ((cite web|title=Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies |access-date=2 May 2006 |publisher=Swiss Federal Institute of Technology / International Relation and Security Network |url=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/collections/coll_gladio.htm#Documents |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060425182721/http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/collections/coll_gladio.htm#Documents |archive-date=25 April 2006 |url-status=dead ))</ref>  In any case, Italy kept its socio-economic structure as a [[market economy]] and its foreign policy alignment.

==Personal life==
In 1941, Gronchi married Carla Bissatini (2 September 1912 – 14 August 1993)<ref>((cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1993/08/15/morta-roma-la-vedova-di-gronchi.html?refresh_ce|title=MORTA A ROMA LA VEDOVA DI GRONCHI - la Repubblica.it|date=15 August 1993|website=Repubblica.it|access-date=29 January 2018))</ref> and had one son and one daughter.

In the [[Florestano Vancini]]'s film ''[[The Assassination of Matteotti]]'' (1973), Gronchi is played by Giorgio Favretto.

==Electoral history==
{|class=wikitable style="width:65%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"
|-
! width=12%|Election
! width=25%|House
! width=40%|Constituency
! width=5% colspan="2"|Party
! width=12%|Votes
! width=12%|Result
|-
! [[1919 Italian general election|1919]]
| [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| [[Pisa]]
| bgcolor="((party color|Italian People's Party (1919)))" |
| [[Italian People's Party (1919)|PPI]]
| ((N/A))
| ((nowrap|((tick|15)) '''Elected'''))
|-
! [[1921 Italian general election|1921]]
| [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| [[Pisa]]
| bgcolor="((party color|Italian People's Party (1919)))" |
| [[Italian People's Party (1919)|PPI]]
| ((N/A))
| ((nowrap|((tick|15)) '''Elected'''))
|-
! [[1924 Italian general election|1924]]
| [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| [[Pisa]]
| bgcolor="((party color|Italian People's Party (1919)))" |
| [[Italian People's Party (1919)|PPI]]
| ((N/A))
| ((nowrap|((tick|15)) '''Elected'''))
|-
! [[1946 Italian general election|1946]]
| [[Constituent Assembly of Italy|Constituent Assembly]]
| [[List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)#Pisa–Livorno–Lucca–Massa Carrara|Pisa–Livorno–Lucca–Massa Carrara]]
| bgcolor="((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)))" |
| [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|DC]]
| 47,424
| ((tick|15)) '''Elected'''
|-
! [[1948 Italian general election|1948]]
| [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]
|[[List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)#Pisa–Livorno–Lucca–Massa Carrara|Pisa–Livorno–Lucca–Massa Carrara]]
| bgcolor="((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)))" |
| [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|DC]]
| 68,808
| ((tick|15)) '''Elected'''
|-
! [[1953 Italian general election|1953]]
| [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| [[List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)#Pisa–Livorno–Lucca–Massa Carrara|Pisa–Livorno–Lucca–Massa Carrara]]
| bgcolor="((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)))" |
| [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|DC]]
| 62,099
| ((tick|15)) '''Elected'''
|}

===Presidential elections===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|-
!colspan=5|[[1955 Italian presidential election|1955 presidential election]] ((Small|(4th ballot)))
|-
!colspan=2|Candidate
!Supported by
!Votes
!%
|-
|bgcolor="((party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)))"|
|align=left|'''Giovanni Gronchi'''
|align=left|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|DC]], [[Italian Socialist Party|PSI]], [[Italian Communist Party|PCI]], [[Italian Democratic Socialist Party|PSDI]], [[Italian Republican Party|PRI]], [[Italian Social Movement|MSI]]
|658
|78.1
|-
|bgcolor="((party color|Italian Liberal Party))"|
|align=left|[[Luigi Einaudi]]
|align=left|[[Italian Liberal Party|PLI]]
|70
|8.4
|-
|bgcolor="((party color|Other))"|
|align=left colspan=2|Others / Invalid votes
|103
|13.5
|-
|align=left colspan=3|'''Total'''
|'''833'''
|'''100.0'''
|}

== See also ==
* [[Gronchi Rosa]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*[http://www.quirinale.it/ex_presidenti/Gronchi.htm Quirinale (Italian)]
*((Commons-inline))

===Books===
* (it) [[Igino Giordani]], ''Alcide De Gasperi il ricostruttore'', Rome: Edizioni Cinque Lune, 1955.
* (it) [[Giulio Andreotti]], ''De Gasperi e il suo tempo'', Milan: Mondadori, 1956.
*Paul Ginsborg, ''A History of Contemporary Italy'', Penguin Books, 1990 (lengthy account of post-war events in Italy from a rather heavily biased left-wing point of view; Gronchi's election and its peculiar political circumstances are not covered; the Tambroni affair is narrated, but Gronchi's role in it is glossed over).
* (it) Indro Montanelli and Mario Cervi, ''L'Italia del Novecento'', Rizzoli, 1998 (in Italian; a somewhat journalistic account of  twentieth-century Italy, from a liberal point of view).
* (it) S. Bertelli (ed.) ''Scritti e discorsi su Giovanni Gronchi a vent'anni dalla morte (1998)'', Giardini, 2000 (in Italian; mostly eulogies by old friends).
* (it) [[Nico Perrone]], ''Il segno della DC'', Bari: Dedalo Libri, 2002, ((ISBN|88-220-6253-1)).

((s-start))
((s-off))((succession box|title=Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Trade|before=[[Attilio Di Napoli]]|after=[[Rodolfo Morandi]]|years=1944-1946))
((succession box|title=[[List of presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|President of the Chamber of Deputies]]|before=[[Umberto Terracini]]|after=[[Giovanni Leone]]|years=1948-1955))
((succession box|title=[[President of Italy]]|before=[[Luigi Einaudi]]|after=[[Antonio Segni]]|years=1955–1962))
((s-end))

((Navboxes
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((DEFAULTSORT:Gronchi, Giovanni))
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Pontedera]]
[[Category:Italian Roman Catholics]]
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[[Category:Italian military personnel of World War I]]
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Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sister-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Small (view source) (protected)
Template:Str number/trim (view source) (protected)
Template:Str ≠ len (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Str ≥ len (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Strfind short (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Succession box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Succession box/check (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tick (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Trim (view source) (protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wdib (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:YEAR (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Age (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Catalog lookup link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Check isxn (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Commons link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Complex date (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Date (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:DateI18n (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find country (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:I18n/complex date (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:IPA (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:IPA/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:IPA/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166/data/National (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISOdate (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:If preview (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If preview/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If preview/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:In lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:MultiReplace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navboxes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:ParameterCount (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Parameter validation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Parameter validation/default config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Political party (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Political party/C (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:Political party/I (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:Political party/O (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wd (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wd/i18n (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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