You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 52.91.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪JJMC89‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 05:26, 2 September 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 04:57, 27 November 2021
- Expiry of block: 04:57, 27 November 2024
Your current IP address is 52.91.194.66. The blocked range is 52.91.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Italian Jesuit missionary and scholar))
((more citations needed|date=May 2014))
((Chinese
|pic=Image:JesuitChineseWorldMapEarly17thCentury.jpg|picsize=200px
|piccap=Aleni's Sinocentric ''[[Wanguo Quantu|Complete Map of the Myriad Countries]]''
|t=((linktext|艾|儒|略))
|j=Ngaai⁶ Jyu⁴-loek⁶
|p=Ài Rúlüè
|w=Ai<sup>4</sup> Ju<sup>2</sup>-lüeh<sup>4</sup>
))
[[Image:Illustrated-Life-of-Jesus-or 59 b 19 2 f005r.jpg|thumb|Aleni's 1637 illustrated [[Life of Jesus in the New Testament|life of Jesus]].]]
[[Image:Alenio2.jpg|thumb|A depiction of the [[Colossus of Rhodes]] in a 1620 book by Aleni.]]

'''Giulio Aleni''' (((lang-la|Julius Alenius)); 1582((nbsp))– 10 June 1649), in Chinese ((nowrap|'''Ai Rulüe''')), was an Italian [[Jesuit]] [[missionary]] and [[scholar]]. He was born in Leno near [[Brescia]] in Italy, at the time part of the Republic of Venice, and died at [[Nanping|Yanping]] in [[Ming Dynasty|China]]. He became a member of the [[Society of Jesus]] in 1600 and distinguished himself in his knowledge of [[mathematics]] and [[theology]]. He is known for helping publish the [[Zhifang Waiji]], an atlas in Chinese. Giulio Aleni also wrote a treatise criticizing the Ming dynasty, the Ming emperors and their elites, and their mistakes and errors. Near the end of his life, the Ming dynasty eventually got destroyed and replaced by the [[Qing dynasty]] founded by the [[House of Aisin-Gioro]].<ref name="Witek ">John Witek, S.J. "Aleni, Giulio, in Gerald Anderson, ed., ''Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions'' (Erdmans, ) pp. 9-10</ref>

==Life==
In  1610, he was sent as a missionary to [[China]]. While waiting at [[Macau]] for a favorable opportunity to enter the country, he taught mathematics to local scholars and published his "Observation sur l'éclipse de lune du 8 Novembre 1612, faite a Macao" (''Mémoires de l'Acad. des Sciences'', VII, 706).

He adopted the dress and manners of the country, was the first Christian missionary in [[Jiangxi]], and built several churches in [[Fujian]].<ref>((EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Alenio, Giulio|volume=1|page=541))</ref> One of his converts, Li Jiubiao, recorded the responses of Aleni and [[Andrius Rudamina]], one of his fellow Jesuits, to the questions and speculations of his parishioners and compiled them into a journal.<ref>((cite book |last = Zürcher, Erik Li Jiubiao Institut Monumenta Serica  |date = 2007 |title = Kouduo Richao: Li Jiubiao's Diary of Oral Admonitions: A Late Ming Christian Journal|publisher = Steyler Verl.| location = Nettetal |isbn = 9783805005432))</ref>

==Works==
He published works in Chinese on a variety of topics. His cosmography, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140224173441/http://ricci.rt.usfca.edu/bibliography/view.aspx?bibliographyID=1242 Wanwu Zhenyuan]'' (萬物真原; The True Origin of the Ten-thousand Things), was translated into [[Manchu language|Manchu]] during the reign of the [[Kangxi Emperor]] (Wanwu Zhenyuan translated in [[Manchu script]]: ((ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ<br>ᠵᠠᡴᠠᡳ<br>ᡠᠨᡝᠩᡴᡳ<br>ᠰᡝᡴᡳᠶᡝᠨ)) Wylie: Tumen chakai unengki sekiyen, [[Transliterations of Manchu|Möllendorff]]: Tumen jakai unengki sekiyen). A copy was sent from [[Beijing]] to Paris in 1789. He completed the work of earlier Jesuit scholars to produce the ''[[Zhifang waiji]]'', a global atlas written in Chinese and one of the first to include the Americas.<ref name=wdl>((cite web|url=((wdl|227)) |author=Li, Zhizao |title=職方外紀 六卷卷首一卷 (Zhifang waiji) |trans-title=Chronicle of Foreign Lands |language=zh |location=Hangzhou, China |date=1623 ))</ref> 

Among his most important religious works are a controversial treatise on the Catholic Faith, in which are refuted what he saw as the principal errors of the Ming dynasty; and ''The Life of God, the Saviour, from the Four Gospels'' (Peking, 1635–1637, 8 vols.; often reprinted, e.g. in 1887 in 3 vols) and used even by Protestant missionaries.

==Legacy==
The life and works of Giulio Aleni are the subject of several conferences in 1994 and 2010. Two of his books, ''Life of [[Matteo Ricci]], Xitai of the West'' and ''Holy images of the Heavenly Lord'' have been presented to the public by ''Fondazione Civiltà Bresciana'' in two separate occasions, on 13 and 25 October 2010.

==References==
===Citations===
((Reflist|30em))

===Bibliography===
* Menegon, Eugenio. "Un solo Cielo. Giulio Aleni S.J.  (1582-1649). Geografia, arte, scienza, religione dall’Europa alla Cina". Brescia: Grafo, 1994.
* John Witek, S.J. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC&q=Aleni Aleni, Giulio], in Gerald Anderson, ed., ''Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions'' (Erdmans, 1999), pp.&nbsp;9–10  
* Lippiello, Tiziana, and Roman Malek. ''Scholar from the West: Giulio Aleni S.J. (1582-1649) and the Dialogue between Christianity and China''. Brescia: Sankt Augustin: Fondazione civiltà bresciana; Monumenta Serica Institute, 1997.
*Sommervogel, Carlos, ''Bibliothèque de la Campagnie de Jesus'', I, 157 sq.
*Pfister, S.J., ''Bibliogr. des Jesuites Chinois miss.''
*Cordier, ''Essai d'une bibliogr. des ouvr. publ. en Chine par les Europeéns'' (Paris 1883).
*ALENI, Giulio, Geografia dei paesi stranieri alla Cina. Zhifang waiji, with translation (Italian), Introduction and commentary by Paolo De Troia, Brescia, Fondazione Civiltà Bresciana/Centro Giulio Aleni, 2009, with a full Map of ten thousand countries (Wangguo quantu)
*Ahn Jaewon, A comparative research on Cicero's orator perfectus and Confucius' rex perfectus( Papers on Rhetoric 10)
* Song, Gang. ''Giulio Aleni, Kouduo richao, and Christian-Confucian Dialogism in Late Ming Fujian'' (艾儒略、「口鐸日抄」及晚明福建的耶儒對話主義), Monumenta Serica Monograph Series LXIX. Abingdon, Oxon – New York: Routledge, 2018.
'''Attribution:'''
*((CE1913|wstitle = Giulio Alenio ))

==External links==
* [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL.HOUGH:5027921 Life and passion of Christ]. Digital facsimile of Aleni's ca. 1640 printing from [[Houghton Library]], Harvard University.

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Aleni, Giulio))
[[Category:1582 births]]
[[Category:1649 deaths]]
[[Category:Religious leaders from Brescia]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian historians]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians]]
[[Category:Jesuit missionaries in China]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian astronomers]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian Jesuits]]
[[Category:Jesuit scientists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Brescia]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Giulio Alenio (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:CE1913 (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Catholic Encyclopedia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Chinese (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite Catholic Encyclopedia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite EB1911 (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite wikisource/make link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:EB1911 (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox Chinese (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Lang-la (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Linktext (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:ManchuSibeUnicode (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:MongolUnicode/fonts.css (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nbsp (view source) (protected)
Template:Nowrap (view source) (protected)
Template:PAGENAMEBASE (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Spaces (view source) (protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Wdl (edit)
Template:Writing-mode (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox multi-lingual name (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox multi-lingual name/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Giulio Alenio.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio_Alenio"