A glossary of terms, commonly used in discussing pinball machines.

A

action button

A physical button located in the center of the lockdown bar. The action button can be used to launch a ball and complete in-game actions.^[1]

add-a-ball

(abbreviated AAB)^[2] a feature on some pinball machines that allows the player to earn additional balls by achieving a specific task. In modern machines, the add-a-ball feature often adds an additional ball into play during a multiball.^[3][4][5] Add-a-ball was first introduced in the 1960s to distinguish pinball machines from gambling devices by extending gameplay without allowing players to win additional credits.^[6] Unlike the extra ball feature, balls earned through add-a-ball on these machines are typically denoted on the game display by increasing the overall number of balls available. Additionally, a player can continue to earn additional balls via add-a-ball even if it has already been earned once from a ball in play or if the ball in play is itself an add-a-ball.^[2] Colloquially, machines that offer this feature are also called add-a-balls.^[7]

apron

A large attachment at the very bottom of the playfield, which covers the ball trough and often has inserts to display cards that explain the rules, scoring, or price.^[8] The front edges of the apron can form the lower edge of the playfield to lead the ball to the drain. This component is typically made of metal or plastic and can go by several names.^[9][10]

auto-plunger

A mechanism that can launch balls into play without requiring the player to manually operate the plunger.^[11]

autosave

More commonly called ball save, every ball that goes down the drain will be returned to the plunger for a limited time.^[12] The amount of time that an autosave lasts varies from machine to machine and can be adjustable.^[13][14] Usually only available when starting with a new ball (to compensate for "unfair" very fast drains), it is also available during the start of multiballs on some later machines or as a reward for completing certain shots.^[15][4]

B

backbox

The vertical box that sits at the head of the pinball machine.^[16] It holds the backglass, electronics of the game, a digital game display, and may hold speakers.^[17] Some digital game displays include a Seven-segment display,^[18] DMD,^[19] or LCD.^[20] The backbox is also known as a lightbox or back rack.^[16]

backglass

The upright glass panel in the backbox, displaying the game's title and an illustration. The first backglass with lighted scoring appeared in 1935.^[21] Backglass production employs a reverse glass printing technique, with layers of color screen printed on the back of the glass, and can include unpainted sections to view displays for score or ball count.^[22] Backglass is a popular item among collectors for its artistic quality.^[23]

ball

A single turn of the game, from plunging to draining. Most machines are set to either 3 or 5 balls per game.

ball lock

A mechanism during a game where achieving a certain shot will catch a ball and hold it in place. Ball lock is typically used to generate a multiball by collecting one or more additional balls which are then released simultaneously.^[24] Ball locks may either physically hold the ball(s) in place until the multiball or briefly hold the ball(s), maintaining a virtual count of the balls held.^[24]

ball saver

A feature in games that prevents the ball from being lost by draining.^[12] Historically, the ball saver was a physical component that would activate (such as magic post and magna-save) to block the space between the flippers; in modern machines the ball is allowed to drain and returned to the plunger and will either auto-launch or allow the player to re-launch it as the same ball in play.^[25][26] The amount of time that a ball save lasts varies from machine to machine and can be adjustable.^[13] Usually only available when starting with a new ball (to compensate for "unfair" very fast drains), it may also available during the start of multiballs or as a reward for completing certain shots.^[15][4] The mechanism that returns a drained ball to the plunger may also be called autosave.

ball search

On most solid state games, if no scoring activity is detected for a certain period of time, all solenoids in the game will cycle in sequence.^[16] If a ball is trapped by one of the moving components, this should free any balls that may have become stuck.

banana flippers

An experimental flipper design made of nylon and developed by Williams in the 1970s. The design was modeled after cestas used in jai alai and nicknamed for its curved shape, which distinguishes it from traditional straight flipper bats.^[27] The banana flipper was only ever released on Disco Fever and Time Warp machines.^[28]

bonus (end-of-ball bonus)

Also called an end-of-ball bonus, these are additional points awarded when the ball leaves the playfield.^[16] The bonus may be a fixed amount per ball, but is usually determined by the activity during play such as achieving a shot, repeatedly hitting a shot, or pure chance. The bonus can take the form of a specific number of points or a multiplier that will increase the bonus by a factor.^[3][4] One of the earliest examples of a bonus is the 1939 machine, Nippy, but it became more common in the 1970s beginning with Snow Queen.^[16][29] A common penalty for tilting a machine is the loss of the end-of-ball bonus.^[30]

bumper

While the most recognized type is a pop bumper, it is broadly any component that stands vertical to the playfield for the ball to bounce (or bump) against.^[31] Originally bumpers were upright cylinders that provided an obstacle and ricochet point for the ball but did not score any points.^[32] Those "passive" or "dead" bumpers, advanced around the 1960s to detect a hit and register points and later to include a ring and solenoid that respond to a ball hit by actively shooting it off in another direction.^[33] These more widely known "active" bumpers have also been called "jet bumpers" by Williams,^[34] "thumper bumpers" by Bally Technologies,^[35] and "turbo bumpers" by Data East/Sega.^[36] Additional notable bumper types include slingshots,^[37] mushroom bumpers (passive and registers points),^[38] tower bumpers (passive and registers points),^[39] and disappearing bumpers.^[33]

buy-in

A feature in some pinball machines to continue the game after the last standard ball has drained, usually at a cost of one credit. Variable components of a buy-in include: the number of additional balls (one to three), availability of more buy-ins after the extra ball drains, and the inclusion of an automatic bonus or start of a mode.^[40][41] Some games also keep a separate high-score table for games completed using buy-in, to distinguish them from high scores achieved through traditional game play.^[42] The feature first appeared in 1934, known as a buy-back,^[43][44] and became more commonplace with solid state pinball machines, beginning with the Bally Midway Blackwater 100 in 1988.^[45]

C

cabinet

The main body of a pinball machine; it holds the playfield, the glass, and the internal game play and payment mechanisms.^[46]

captive ball

A pinball trapped within a small area of the playfield. The captive ball never leaves this area, and the free ball can never enter it. However, the free ball can knock into the captive ball, which in turn can knock into targets in its area. Some tables even feature multiple stacked captive balls (e.g. Judge Dredd, Big Bang Bar), and some provide fixed balls as targets to trigger a moving captive ball (Theatre of Magic).

combo

Combo (or combo shot) refers to an immediate combination of different moves, often continuous ramp and/or orbit shots. Some machines, like Taxi, Theatre of Magic, and Demolition Man, reward combo shots by an increasing number of points, depending on the number of successful consecutive shots made.

conversion kit

Special equipment that can be used to transform one pinball table into another.

D

dead bumper

See Passive bumper.

DMD

A dot-matrix display is a pixel-addressable display used to display the score and other status during the game. Almost always placed in the backbox (exception: Cirqus Voltaire). Most machines released from 1992 onwards, starting with Data East's Checkpoint, released in 1991, feature this display. Some exceptions are the two VGA-driven Pinball 2000 series machines, pinball games that uses a LCD-display such as the machines from Jersey Jack Pinball and Heighway Pinball or retro style machines such as Whoa Nellie! Big Juicy Melons.

drain

The common term used to refer to the area beneath the flippers. If the ball rolls into the drain area via an outlane or between the flippers, it will be lost. Also refers to the act of losing a ball in this manner.

drop target

An upright, pressure-sensitive rectangle that drops below the playfield when hit by the ball. Drop targets are often arranged in so-called banks, and may require being hit in combination or in sequence to score or light special features.

E

electro-mechanical (EM)

A pinball machine design that relies on relays, motors and switches to run, as opposed to transistors and integrated circuits. This design was phased out in the late 1970s. EM machines are easily recognized by their scoring displays that have mechanical score reels that spin to show the score. Newer machines are referred to as "solid state" (SS).

extra ball

An additional bonus ball that can be earned by achieving a specific task.

F

flipper

A tapered bat, typically found in pairs at the bottom of the table, that is the player's primary means of controlling the ball. Normally a downward slope extending the bottom structure of the table, one end is moved upward in an arc when the player taps the appropriate button.

flipper button

A pushbutton which is pushed by players to control the flipper. Typically one on each side of the cabinet.

G

GI

An acronym of general illumination, this refers to the lights on the playfield used simply to make the playfield visible in a dark room. Also known as street lighting.

gobble hole

A hole in a pinball table that ends the game or the current ball if the ball falls in it. On most games with this feature, the gobble hole will be lit for a special and/or a large number of points once some other in-game objective has been completed. One game with this feature is Slick Chick.

H

habitrail

A wireform path for the ball to travel in a straight line. May consist of either two wires on the bottom, or four wires to fully enclose the ball.

house ball

A term for when the ball bounces directly into the drain after plunging without giving the player a chance to hit the ball with the flippers.

hurry-up mode

An optional side mode in which the player is challenged to complete a task within a brief time limit to earn bonus points. Traditionally, hurry-ups start with a large point value, which rapidly decreases over several seconds; completing the task stops the countdown and awards its value. Another common variant is to use a hurry-up to determine the shot value of a mode that starts immediately afterward, where it can be collected multiple times.

I

inlane

The inside lane of the pinball machine. See "lane" for more information.

J

jackpot

A specially designated point bonus; typically among the highest amounts that can be scored with one shot. In earlier games (mid-late 80s), scoring the Jackpot was the ultimate goal of the game, requiring the player to complete a precise and difficult set of tasks to score it. The Jackpot would continue to build slowly over many games until it was scored. More modern games simply call any multiball shot award a "jackpot" and the values are more downplayed.

K

kickback

A launching mechanism located inside an outlane that saves the ball from being drained if it falls in there. Kickbacks are usually disabled at the start of a session and can be activated as a reward during play, although there are some exceptions, like the virtual table 3D Pinball Space Cadet. Most tables tend to utilize only one kickback and leave one outlane unprotected for increased difficulty and revenue.

kickout hole

A depression in the pinball table that the ball can fall into. This is usually just large enough for the ball to fit into it. After gaining some points, and/or adjusting the game state, the ball is kicked back into play in a predictable direction and speed.

L

lane

A lane is in general any area of the table just wide enough to let the ball pass through. Special kinds of lanes are inlanes and outlanes; both types are situated at the bottom of the playing field. The outlanes are at the far ends and connect to the bottom (causing loss of the ball), the inlanes are next to them and connect to the flipper area.

lock

A mechanism that traps the ball on the playfield and triggers a new ball to be added to the playfield. A locked ball can then later be released to start a mulitball. Some games may use "virtual locks" which still allow a player to progress towards a mulitball without physically trapping a ball on the playfield, instead launching multiple balls into play using an auto-plunger when the start of multiball is triggered.

lockdown bar

The common name of the metal piece (or wood on woodrail games) at the bottom of the playfield, which keeps the playfield cover glass from sliding out. Often labeled "Front Molding" in the manual. Usually removed via a latch inside the coin door, allowing the playfield glass to be slid out and the playfield then removed.^[47]

M

magic post

A post that can rise up between the flipper fingers and completely block the middle drain. Sometimes also called a recovery post or up post.

magna-save

A feature that allows the player to activate a magnet located just below the entrance to an outlane. A ball headed for the outlane will be held by the magnet and diverted to the corresponding inlane instead. Williams Electronics pioneered this feature on the Black Knight game.

match

The chance to win a free game after the last ball has drained. On most machines the free game is received when the last two digits of the score match a pseudo randomly picked two digit number. The winning chance can be altered by the operator. Most modern games incorporate a short animated skit that culminates in the match number selection.

mode

A configuration of the table where specific goals must be met in a limited time to score points, hitting specific lanes or dropping specific targets, sometimes combined with multiball. Some tables have multiple modes that must be activated in order, usually building up to an "ultimate" last mode or the wizard mode where the most points can be scored.

multiball (multi-ball)

A situation where a series of balls are shot onto the playfield. Multiballs are either a mode that can be selected by the gamer, or can be triggered in the pinball machine that forces the other balls to roll on the playfield.

O

orbit

A path for the ball that hugs the outer rim of the game. Orbits generally have a slingshot effect; sending the ball into an orbit generally means it returns immediately from another. Orbits are generally named for the side of the playfield on which the ball enters (e.g. the "left orbit" means the ball enters the orbit on the left side and travels to the right).

outlane

See lane. The outlanes are generally the outside lanes at the sides of the playfield that lead the ball to the drain (sometimes with a possibility of striking a peg and re-entering the adjacent inlane). Some games, such as the 1980 Bally game Fathom have reversed inlanes and outlanes, where the outer lane returns the ball to the flippers and the inner lane returns the ball to the drain.

P

passive bumper

A bumper which does not kick the ball when hit, although it may register a score or play a sound effect. Also known as a dead bumper.

peg

A small, stationary vertical post with a rubber ring, designed to deflect the ball away from sensitive parts and to reject poorly-aimed shots. Some games place a peg between the flippers, giving the ball a chance to bounce away from the drain and back onto the flippers (see also "magic post" and "stopper").

playfield

The main flat surface of the game, on which targets, ramps, orbits, flippers and bumpers are arranged. "Playfield" refers both to the surface itself and to the overall play area (to distinguish it from other parts of the machine such as the backbox). The ball rolls along this surface. Many games refer to the "lower" playfield (nearest the player) and the "upper" playfield (nearest the backbox). In some cases, this distinction is more literal, as in the separate, vertically-arranged playfield levels in Black Knight 2000.

plunger

A player-controlled, spring-loaded rod that allows the player to send the ball into the game. The plunger is usually located at the bottom right corner of the pinball machine.

pop bumper

Rround, mushroom-shaped targets set into the playfield of most pinball machines. They register a hit when the ball collides with them and forcefully kick the ball away.^[48]

popper

A device that launches the ball vertically, often to a raised playfield.

R

ramp

A section of the playfield with a raised gradient. Ramps generally lead either to raised playfields or to inlanes.

replay

A free game received after a certain score is reached.

rollover

A flat switch residing in the playfield itself. A rollover is activated when the ball rolls over it.

S

scoop/saucer

A hole that catches the ball.

score motor

A motor in an EM pinball cabinet used primarily to ensure that score reels are updated correctly. It activates relays repeatedly until a specific task is completed. Also known as a "cam timer".

shooter lane

The lane which leads from the trough/plunger to the playfield (see also: lane.)

skill shot

A bonus awarded to the player for completing a specific task when releasing the ball. Most games that include skill shots require the player to either plunge the ball with just the right amount of force to hit a specific target, or to make a specific shot with the flippers as the first shot once the ball is on the playfield. (Not to be confused with "combo shot".)

slam tilt

This particular form of tilt is given if the machine is nudged with such violence that it risks damaging the hardware. Such an action generally sounds an alarm and causes the machine to reset, ending ALL players' games in progress (hence voiding the credit). A slam tilt is sometimes also given if force is applied to the coin box.

slingshot

The triangular objects on either side of the flippers that propel the ball toward the opposite side.

solenoid

A coil, with another coil or magnet inside, used in flippers, kickers, and other mechanical devices. When the coils are energized, the opposing magnetic fields cause the inner piece to move. Solenoids are the principal method that pinball machines use to create movement in mechanical objects on the playfield.^[49] For their non-pinball use, see solenoid.

special

Some machines allow the player to earn a free game (called a special in that context) by achieving a specific task (e.g. lighting all monsters and their instruments in Monster Bash).

spinner

A target that is on the playfield and when hit by the ball, rotates.

standup target (stand-up target, spot target)

A standing target on a playfield, similar to a drop target, but which does not drop into the playfield when struck.

staging

A technique where a player partially depresses a flipper button to activate the lower flipper without activating the corresponding upper flipper.

stopper

A small metal post, often with a rubber ring, typically found between and slightly below the bottom flippers. If the ball hits the post, it will bounce up and away, saving it from draining. Skilled players can use the stopper to make trick shots. On some tables, the stopper is made available only as a reward. (See also: peg, magic post)

subway

A track underneath the playfield that moves the ball from one spot on the playfield to another. Usually the ball drops into a hole, and is then ejected from the subway back onto the playfield by a solenoid.

T

target

Mechanical switches which are activated by the ball to earn points, light indicators, and/or advance the game. (see also Drop target or standup target.

tilt

The tilt mechanism detects when the machine is being lifted, tilted or shaken beyond an acceptable level. Originally designed to prevent players from lifting the front of the machine to cause balls to roll backwards, it also helps prevent damage to the machine's hardware, body and legs by discouraging players from shaking the machine too hard. When the mechanism is triggered, the machine "tilts", ending play for the current ball and usually forfeiting any bonuses earned (if it is the last ball, and the player has no extra balls left, the game is automatically over). Most modern games provide a configurable number of warnings per ball before tilting. Some older games would void the entire game upon tilt.

topper

An extra decoration that sits on top of the backbox of the machine that is typically an extension of the theme of the game. Early toppers were simple signs but by the 1980's they would illuminate or would move in sync with events in the game. Some modern toppers will light up with progress in the game and can unlock levels.

toy

Many pinball machines have unique objects on or above the playfield to enhance the theme of the game. They are called "toys" mainly because they often resemble children's toys and are specific to the machine in question. Some directly impact gameplay, while others are non-interactive or purely cosmetic. For example, Twilight Zone features two significant toys: The gumball machine (which stores and releases balls), and a working analog clock (which is used to show the time remaining in various game modes). Another example of a gameplay-affecting toy is the spinning soccer ball in World Cup Soccer.

translight

The plastic or glass sheet in the backbox, generally displaying the game's main illustration on a translucent piece of printed plastic, allowing light to pass through. Also called the "backglass". The term "translight" (or "translite") usually refers more specifically to the printed plastic in modern pinball games using dot-matrix displays, since those displays are mounted underneath the glass, not behind it, allowing the artwork to be one single unmodified sheet.

U

up post

See magic post.

up-kicker

An electro-mechanical feature that physically propels the ball upwards onto a second-tier playfield, as used in Gottlieb's Haunted House.

V

vari-target

A target that can be moved by the ball by a varying amount. Normally this directly corresponds to the number of points received, as it is usually risky trying to shoot the narrow target with full force.

Vitrigraph

Gottlieb's patented photo-realistic mylar overlay for pinball playfields rather than the industry standard silk screen on the wood.^[50]

VUK

Short for vertical up-kicker. Synonym for popper.

W

wedge head

Trapezoidal-shaped cabinet backboxes when viewed from the front. The term is most usually associated with many Gottlieb single-player games of the 1960s and 1970s. When the bottom of the backbox is wider than the top, it is referred to as a Reverse Wedge Head. ^[51]

widebody

Pinball machines that are wider than a standard machine, allowing for more features on the playfield. Examples include Twilight Zone (pinball), Indiana Jones: The Pinball Adventure, and Guns N' Roses (pinball).

wizard mode (wizard bonus)

A special mode or bonus, started only after completing a long and difficult series of tasks in a pinball machine. The first wizard bonus was the "king's ransom" in 1989's Black Knight 2000. As rulesets have gotten more complicated, many modern games offer smaller "mini-wizard" modes as challenging tasks for intermediate players. The term is a reference to the song Pinball Wizard by The Who.

woodrail

Pinball machines manufactured prior to appr. 1961 that used wood to frame the playfield glass.^[51]