GMD reference mass spectrum
profile of a single metabolite across replicates of different experiments
profile of all metabolites in a single experiments
relative metabolite concentrations in the replica groups of a single experiment

The Golm Metabolome Database (GMD)[1][2][3][4] is a gas chromatography (GC) – mass spectrometry (MS) reference library dedicated to metabolite profiling experiments and comprises mass spectral and retention index (RI) information for non-annotated mass spectral tags (MSTs, mass spectral information with retention time attached indices) together with data of a multitude of already identified metabolites and reference substances. The GMD is hosted at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology in Golm district of Potsdam, Germany.

Background

Gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most widespread routine technologies applied to the large scale screening and discovery of novel biomarkers in metabolomics. However, the majority of MSTs currently measured in plant metabolomic profiling experiments remains unidentified due to the lack of authenticated pure reference substances and the expensive and time-consuming effort to maintain mass spectral RI libraries required for compound identification by GC-MS. As the communication of analytical results and other approach-related details such as mass spectral and RI reference information within the scientific community is becoming increasingly popular, open access platforms for information exchange, such as the GMD, are obligatory. Due to the lack of mandatory standards it remains difficult to compare individual mass spectrums. While the different mass detector technologies, namely quadrupole, ion trap and time of flight, can be deemed irrelevant, the chromatography settings such as temperature programming, type of capillary column and choice of column manufacturer heavily affect the empirically determined RI properties. Procedures for the transfer of RI properties between chromatography variants are, therefore, highly relevant for a shared library use. The GMD assesses the accuracy of RI transfer between chromatography variants and implements means to transfer empirically determined RI properties.[5] Aiming at the classification and identification of un-identified MSTs, the GMD accesses the information on available reference compounds. These compounds serve as training set of data to apply decision trees (DT) as a supervised machine learning approach. Structural feature extraction was applied to classify the metabolite space of the GMD prior to DT training. DT-based predictions of the most frequent substructures classify low resolution GC-MS mass spectra of the linked (potentially unknown) metabolite with respect to the presence or absence of the chemical moieties.[6] The web-based frontend supports conventional mass spectral and RI comparison by ranked hit lists as well as advanced DT supported substructure prediction. Batch processing is enabled via Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)-based web services while web-based data access services expose particular data base entities adapting Representational State Transfer (ReST) principles and mass spectral standards such as NIST-MSP and JCAMP-DX. The GMD visualise quantitative metabolite pool size changes data.

See also

References

  1. ^ Hummel, J.; Strehmel, N.; Bölling, C.; Schmidt, S.; Walther, D.; Kopka, J. (2013). "Mass Spectral Search and Analysis Using the Golm Metabolome Database". The Handbook of Plant Metabolomics. p. 321. doi:10.1002/9783527669882.ch18. ISBN 9783527669882.
  2. ^ Hummel, Jan; Selbig, Joachim; Walther, Dirk; Kopka, Joachim (2007). "The Golm Metabolome Database: a database for GC-MS based metabolite profiling". In Nielsen, John; Jewett (eds.). Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 75–96. doi:10.1007/4735_2007_0229. ISBN 978-3-540-74719-2.
  3. ^ Schauer N, Steinhauser D, Strelkov S, Schomburg D, Allison G, Moritz T, Lundgren K, Roessner-Tunali U, Forbes MG, Willmitzer L, Fernie AR, Kopka J (2005). "GC-MS libraries for the rapid identification of metabolites in complex biological samples". FEBS Letters. 579 (6): 1332–1337. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.01.029. PMID 15733837.
  4. ^ Kopka J, Schauer N, Krueger S, Birkemeyer C, Usadel B, Bergmuller E, Dormann P, Weckwerth W, Gibon Y, Stitt M, Willmitzer L, Fernie AR, Steinhauser D (2005). "GMD@CSB.DB: the Golm Metabolome Database". Bioinformatics. 21 (8): 1635–1638. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti236. hdl:20.500.11850/33179. PMID 15613389.
  5. ^ Strehmel N, Hummel J, Erban A, Strassburg K, Kopka J (2008). "Retention index thresholds for compound matching in GC-MS metabolite profiling". Journal of Chromatography B. 871 (2): 182–190. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.042. PMID 18501684.
  6. ^ Hummel J, Strehmel N, Selbig J, Walther D, Kopka J (2010). "Decision tree supported substructure prediction of metabolites from GC-MS profiles". Metabolomics. 6 (2): 322–333. doi:10.1007/s11306-010-0198-7. PMC 2874469. PMID 20526350.

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