Governor of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta
Gubernur Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta
Coat of arms of Jakarta
Incumbent
Heru Budi Hartono
Acting since 17 October 2022
ResidenceOffice House of the Governor of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Menteng, Central Jakarta
Term lengthFive years, renewable once
Inaugural holderSuwiryo
Formation23 September 1945; 78 years ago (1945-09-23)
(as Mayor of Jakarta)
DeputyVice Governor
Websitewww.jakarta.go.id

The Jakarta Special Capital Region is administratively equal to a province with special status as the capital of Indonesia. Instead of a mayor, the executive head of Jakarta is a governor. The governor of Jakarta is an elected politician who, along with the vice governor and 106 members of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), is accountable for the strategic government of the city of Jakarta.

Background

Governing system of Jakarta has changed throughout its history. On March 5, 1942, Japanese occupied Batavia from the Dutch control and the city was named Jakarta Jakarta Special City (ジャカルタ特別市, Jakaruta tokubetsu-shi), in accordance with the special status that was assigned to the city). After the collapse of Japan, Indonesian nationalists who declared independence on August 17, 1945,[1] the government of Jakarta City was changed from the Japanese into the Jakarta National Administration in September 1945. After the war, the Dutch name Batavia was internationally recognized until full Indonesian independence was achieved on December 27, 1949 and Jakarta was officially proclaimed the national capital of Indonesia. Based on the Act No. 5 of 1974 relating to the Fundamentals of Regional Government, Jakarta was confirmed as the capital of Indonesia and one of Indonesia's 26 provinces.[2]

Elections

This first government was held by a mayor until the end of 1960, when the office was changed to that of a governor. The last mayor of Jakarta was Sudiro, until he was replaced by Dr Sumarno as governor of the province. In August 2007, Jakarta held its first ever election to choose a governor, whereas previously the city's governors were elected by members of DPRD. The poll is part of a country-wide decentralisation drive, allowing for direct local elections in several areas.[3] Elections for governor and deputy governor are held for a fixed five-year term.

Most recent election

Main article: 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election

The most recent election was held in Jakarta on 15 February 2017. There were 3 contesting pairs in that election, but no one obtained 50% of the vote. As per law, a runoff election was held between the top two pairs on 19 April 2017. The official results of the election is Anies Baswedan - Sandiaga Uno won the election with 57.96% of vote defeating Basuki Tjahaja Purnama - Djarot Saiful Hidayat, who got 42.04% of the vote.[4][5][6][7]

List of governors

Below is a list of Mayors and Governors who have held office in the regional government district of Batavia in the Dutch East Indies until its transformation to Jakarta in Indonesia from the formation of the office in 1916.

Note: Italic denotes acting mayor/governor

Burgemeester of Batavia (1916–1942)

The Dutch East Indies government began to appoint Mayors of Batavia (Dutch: Burgermeester Batavia) in 1916, previously the office was held by a Resident Assistant from 1905. There are total of five Burgermeester served before the Japanese invasion in 1942.[8]

No Image Name Took office Left office Note
1 Gerardus Johannes Bisschop August 1916 June 1920 [N. 1]
— Hendrik van Breen June 1920 7 August 1920
2 A. Meijroos 7 August 1920 20 April 1933 [10]
3 E. A. Voorneman 20 April 1933 1941 [11]
— Archibald Theodoor Bogaardt 1941 1941
4 E. A. Voorneman 1941 1942 [12]

Mayor of Special City of Jakarta (1942–1945)

After the Japanese occupied Jakarta on 8 March, the Japanese upgraded the status of Jakarta into a tokubetsu-shi (特別市, Special City) on 8 August 1942, and appointed a tokubetsu-shichō (特別市長, head of the tokubetsu-shi). Prior to the appointment of tokubetsu-shichō, the Japanese appointed Baginda Dahlan Abdullah as the acting tokubetsu-shichō.

No Name Took office Left office Time in office Deputy
— Baginda Dahlan Abdullah 8 August 1942[13] 25 August 1942[13] 17 days none
1 Sakae Tsukamoto 25 August 1942 21 June 1943[13] 300 days Suwiryo
Baginda Dahlan Abdullah
2 Yosie K. 21 June 1943 ? ?
3 Shigeo Hasegawa ? 23 September 1945 ?

Republican Mayor of Jakarta (1945–1947)

After the Indonesian Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the power transfer of the city was handed over from Japan to Indonesia on 19 September 1945. Following the power transfer, President of Indonesia appointed Suwirjo as the Mayor of Jakarta on 23 September 1945. Suwirjo ended him term after being arrested by the Dutch forces on 21 July 1947, following the Operation Product that occupied the town.

No Image Name[14] Took office Left office Time in office
1 Suwiryo 23 September 1945[15] 21 July 1947[15] 1 year, 301 days

Dutch Mayors of Jakarta/Batavia (1946–1950)

Following the Dutch return to Jakarta in early 1946, the Dutch civil administration, NICA, appointed the Archibald Bogaardt as the acting mayor of Batavia. Bogaardt had been the mayor of Batavia previously in 1941, and lost his power to the Japanese in 1942. The Dutch appointed Bogaardt in a shadow government and referred the de facto major, Suwiryo, as republikeinse burgemeester. Bogaardt's successor, E. M. Stok, finally gained de facto control after the Dutch occupied the city in Operation Product on 21 July 1947.

There were four mayors of the city during this period, but only one was recognized as a definitive mayor, while the rest was referred as waarnemend burgemeester (acting mayor).

No Image Name Took office Left office Time in office
— Archibald Theodoor Bogaardt 30 November 1946[16] 28 June 1947 239 days
— Elbert Marinus Stok 28 June 1947[17] 26 August 1948 1 year, 59 days
1 Robert Thomas Praaning 26 August 1948[18] 20 April 1949 237 days
— Sastromoeljono 20 April 1949[19][20] 30 March 1950 344 days

Governor of the Federal Region of Batavia (1948–1950)

The formation of the Federal Region of Batavia was announced with the Staatsblad No. 63 in June 1948. The federal region was given an autonomous status in the territory of the State of Pasundan. The governor of the region, Hilman Djajadiningrat, was appointed on 2 November 1948.

No Image Name Took office Left office Time in office
1 Hilman Djajadiningrat 2 November 1948[21] 30 March 1950 1 year, 148 days

Mayors of Djakarta (1950–1958)

After the return of Jakarta to Indonesia, the Federal Territory of Batavia was abolished. Hilman Djajadiningrat, the former governor, and Sastromoeljono, the former mayor, handed over their mandate to Suwiryo on 30 March 1950.

No Image Name[14] Took office Left office Time in office
1 Suwiryo 30 March 1950[22] 2 May 1951 1 year, 33 days
— Soewahjo Soemodilogo 2 May 1951 29 June 1951 58 days
2 Sjamsuridjal 29 June 1951[23] 8 December 1953 2 years, 162 days
3 Sudiro 8 December 1953[24][N. 2] 29 January 1960 6 years, 52 days

Governors of Djakarta/Jakarta

No Image Name[14] Took office Left office Time in office Vice Governor(s) Nickname Elected
1 Soemarno Sosroatmodjo 29 January 1960 26 August 1964 4 years, 210 days Henk Ngantung —
2 Hendrik Hermanus Joel Ngantung 26 August 1964 15 July 1965 323 days Henk —
3 Soemarno Sosroatmodjo[N. 3] 15 July 1965 18 March 1966 246 days —
— Basuki Rahmat[N. 4] 18 March 1966 28 April 1966 41 days None —
4 Ali Sadikin 28 April 1966 11 July 1977 11 years, 74 days RHA Wiriadinata Bang Ali —
— Tjokropranolo 11 July 1977 29 September 1977 5 years, 80 days Bang Nolly —
5 29 September 1977 29 September 1982
6 Soeprapto 29 September 1982[26] 6 October 1987 5 years, 7 days (1) Eddie Marzuki Nalapraya
(2) Bunyamin Ramto		   —
7 Wiyogo Atmodarminto 6 October 1987[27] 6 October 1992 5 years (1) Basofi Sudirman
(2) Herbowo		 Bang Wi —
8 Soerjadi Soedirdja 6 October 1992 6 October 1997 5 years (1) M. Idroes
(2) Tubagus Muhammad Rais
(3) RS Museno		   —
9 Sutiyoso 6 October 1997 7 October 2007 10 years, 1 day (1997–2002)
(1) Abdul Kahfi
(2) Boedihardjo Soekmadi
(3) Djailani
(4) Fauzi Alvi 		Bang Yos —
(2002–2007)
Fauzi Bowo
10 Fauzi Bowo 7 October 2007 7 October 2012 5 years Prijanto Foke 2007
— Fadjar Panjaitan 8 October 2012 15 October 2012 7 days None —
11 Joko Widodo 15 October 2012 16 October 2014[N. 5] 2 years, 1 day Basuki Tjahaja Purnama Jokowi 2012
— Basuki Tjahaja Purnama 16 October 2014 19 November 2014 2 years, 197 days None Ahok —
12 19 November 2014 9 May 2017[N. 6] Djarot Saiful Hidayat
— Djarot Saiful Hidayat 9 May 2017 15 June 2017 159 days None Jarot —
13 15 June 2017 15 October 2017
— Saefullah[N. 7] 15 October 2017 16 October 2017 1 day —
14 Anies Baswedan 16 October 2017 16 October 2022 5 years (2017–2018)
Sandiaga Uno 		Anies 2017
(2020–2022)
Ahmad Riza Patria
— Heru Budi Hartono[N. 8] 17 October 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 158 days None —

Caretaker Gorvenor

In a stack of governments, a regional head who submits for leave or temporarily resigns from his position to the central government, then the Minister of Home Affairs prepares his successor who is a bureaucrat in the local government or even a Vice Governor, including when the position of governor is in transition. The following is a list of temporary replacements for the post of Governor of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta.

No Image Name[14] Took office Left office Time in office Governor(s) Nickname
1 Unknown 4 October 2002 Sutiyoso
2 Prijanto 24 June 2012 4 days Fauzi Bowo
30 June 2012
3 July 2012
6 July 2012
14 September 2012 16 September 2012 2 days
3 Basuki Tjahaja Purnama 31 May 2014 22 July 2014 52 days Joko Widodo Ahok
4 Soni Sumarsono 28 October 2016 11 February 2017 107 days Basuki Tjahaja Purnama Soni
7 March 2017 15 April 2017 40 days

See also

Notes

  1. ^ As Batavia Burgemeester (Mayor of Batavia)[9]
  2. ^ Since 25 February 1958 as Regional Head (see Law No. 1 of 1957)[25]
  3. ^ In this second period, he also served as the Home Affairs Minister of Indonesia.
  4. ^ Following Sumarno's arrest on 18 March 1966, Minister for Veteran and Demobilization Affairs Basuki Rahmat was appointed as the acting Minister of Home Affairs/Governor of Jakarta.
  5. ^ Resigned after being elected as the President of Indonesia.[28]
  6. ^ Dismissed after being sentenced to two years in prison for religious blasphemy.[29]
  7. ^ Saefullah served as Acting Governor of Jakarta for 40 hours before the governor and deputy governor-elect were sworn in. He replaces Djarot Saiful Hidayat who has completed his term of office.
  8. ^ After Anies has completed term of office on 16 October 2022, Heru Budi appointed as the acting Governor of Jakarta until Gubernatorial election on 2024.[30]

References

  1. ^ Waworoentoe, Willem Johan (2013). "Jakarta". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  2. ^ Jakarta in Figures. Statistics DKI Jakarta Provincial Office, Jakarta. 2008.
  3. ^ "Jakarta holds historic election". BBC News. BBC. 8 August 2007.
  4. ^ Joe Cochrane (19 April 2017). "Jakarta Governor Concedes Defeat in Religiously Tinged Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  5. ^ "Jakarta's 'Ahok' concedes heavy defeat in governor race". South China Morning Post. 19 April 2017.
  6. ^ "Indonesia has been mercifully resistant to extremism—until now". The Economist. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  7. ^ "Hasil Final "Real Count" KPU: Anies-Sandi 57,95%, Ahok-Djarot 42,05%". 20 April 2017.
  8. ^ Ridwan Saidi (4 March 2019). "V". Memori Jakarta (in Indonesian). Chamal Hamid. p. 65. ISBN 9786239030902. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Decentralisatie-Jubilea: Batavia en Buitenzorg". De Indische Courant (in Dutch). 28 March 1940.
  10. ^ "Mr. Meijroos Burgemeester van Batavia". De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 9 August 1920. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  11. ^ "Burgemeester van Batavia Ir. E.A. Voorneman benoemd". De Indische Courant (in Dutch). 20 April 1933. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  12. ^ Jakarta (Indonesia) (1958). Sedjarah pemerintahan kota Djakarta. Kotapradja Djakarta Raja. p. 70. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  13. ^ a b c Kotapradja Djakarta Raja (1958). Sedjarah Pemerintahan Kota Djakarta. Jakarta: Gunung Agung. p. 91.
  14. ^ a b c d Jakarta in Figures. Statistics DKI Jakarta Provincial Office, Jakarta. 2008.
  15. ^ a b Suryana, Dede (28 June 2012). "Raden Suwiryo, Walikota Pertama Jakarta". Okezone (in Indonesian). Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  16. ^ "HUISVESTING BATAVIA". Het dagblad. 1 November 1946. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  17. ^ "Nieuwe wnd. burgemeester van Batavia". Leeuwarder courant. 26 June 1947. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  18. ^ "Nieuwe Burgemeester". Het dagblad. 26 August 1948. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  19. ^ Bastiaans, W. Ch. J. (1950). Personalia Van Staatkundige Eenheden (Regering en Volksvertegenwoordiging) in Indonesie (per 1 Sept. 1949) (PDF). Jakarta. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-10-23. Retrieved 2019-12-15.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ^ "Mr. Sastromoeljono neemt afscheid". Het dagblad. 20 April 1949. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  21. ^ "Raden Hilman Djajadiningrat wordt gouverneur van Batavia". De nieuwsgier. 2 November 1948. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  22. ^ "Burgemeester Suwirjo aanvaardt zijn taak". Java-bode. 30 March 1950. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  23. ^ Sedyawati, Edi; Rahardjo, Supratnikno; Johan, Irmawati Marwoto; Ohorella, G. A. Manilet- (1986). Sejarah Kota Jakarta 1950-1980 (in Indonesian). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. p. 139.
  24. ^ "Bestuursoverdracht te Djakarta". Het nieuwsblad voor Sumatra. 10 December 1953. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
  25. ^ Notodidjojo, Soebagijo Ilham (1981). Sudiro, pejuang tanpa henti. Jakarta: Gunung Agung. pp. 279–280.
  26. ^ Yayasan Idayu (29 September 1982). "Tanggal 29 Sept 1982 [gambar] : upacara serah terima jabatan Gubernur DKI dari Tjoropranolo kepada pengganti R. Soeprapto disaksikan Menteri dalam Negeri Amir Machmud di balai Sidang DKI". Perpusnas. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  27. ^ Yayasan Idayu (6 October 1987). "Mendagri Soepardjo Roestam hari selasa (6 Oktober 1987) di ruang sidang DPRD DKI Jaya melantik Wiyogo Atmodarminto menjadi Gubernur DKI Jaya periode 1987-1992 menggantikan R. Soeprapto, tampak Wiyogo ketika menandatangani naskah pelantikan disaksikan Mendagri". Perpusnas. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  28. ^ "Hari ini Jokowi Sudah bukan Gubernur DKI Jakarta Lagi". Suara Pembaruan (in Indonesian). Beritasatu.com. 16 October 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  29. ^ "Ahok Diberhentikan dari Jabatan Gubernur" (in Indonesian). news.metrotvnews.com. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  30. ^ "Minister inaugurates Heru Budi Hartono as acting Governor of Jakarta". en.antaranews.com. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
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