Governor of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
Flag from 1937 to 1976
StyleHis Excellency
ResidenceGovernment House, Bairiki
Appointer
Term lengthAt Her Majesty's pleasure
PrecursorResident Commissioner
Formation1 January 1972
First holderJohn Field
Final holderReginald James Wallace
Abolished12 July 1979
The Presidential residence, former Government House, Bairiki.

The Governor of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands was the colonial head of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands civil service from 1892 until 1979.

The post was established in 1892 with the title 'Resident Commissioner' by Governor of Fiji John Bates Thurston after the islands were made a British protectorate, having previously been under the supervision of the High Commissioner for the Western Pacific.[1][2][3] The Commissioner initially had jurisdiction over only the Ellice Islands. Charles Richard Swayne was appointed as the first Commissioner, arriving in the islands the same year.

In 1893 the responsibilities of Resident were extended to cover the Gilbert Islands,[4] with the title becoming Resident Commissioner of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. Swayne arrived in the islands in October 1893.[5] His salary was £500 a year, which was covered by local revenue.

In 1895, the headquarters of the protectorate were established in Tarawa before being moved to Ocean Island in 1908, which remained the headquarters until World War II and the Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands. At the beginning of the Pacific War, Cyril George Fox Cartwright was acting Resident Commissioner of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony on Ocean Island from December 1941 to August 1942. He was acting on behalf of Vivian Fox-Strangways, who had been appointed as Resident Commissioner, but because of the Pacific War, Fox-Strangways had been seconded into the British Army with the rank of major and was located on Tulagi in the British Solomon Islands.[6] Following the occupation of Ocean Island by Japanese forces on 26 August 1942, Fox-Strangways established his office and headquarters on Funafuti in the Ellice Islands.[7] On 22 November 1943 Fox-Strangways landed on Betio islet at the end of Battle of Tarawa,[8] and began to establish the administrative centre of the colony on Tarawa, first on Betio islet and subsequently on Bairiki islet.[3][9][10][11] The provisional headquarters of the colony stayed in Funafuti until 1946 and the rebuilding of Tarawa.[12]

The Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands became separate colonies in 1976, but remained under a single governor. After the independence of Tuvalu (Ellice Islands) in 1978, the post was renamed the Governor of the Gilbert Islands until the independence of Kiribati the following year.

List of governors

Term Name
Resident Commissioner
1892–1895 Charles Richard Swayne
1895–1909 William Telfer Campbell[13]
1909–1913 John Quayle-Dickson
1913–1919 Edward Carlyon Eliot
1919–1922 Arthur Grimble (acting)[6]
1922–1925 Herbert Reginald McClure
1925–1933 Arthur Grimble[6]
1933–1938 Jack Barley[6][14]
1938–1939 Ronald Garvey (acting)[6]
1939–1941 Cyril Cartwright (acting)[6]
1941–1946 Vivian Fox-Strangways[8][15]
1946–1949 Henry Evans Maude[15]
1949–1952 John Peel
1952–1961 Michael Bernacchi
1961–1969 Val Andersen
1970–1972 John Osbaldiston Field
Governor of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
1972–1973 John Osbaldiston Field
1973–1978 John Hilary Smith
Governor of the Gilbert Islands
1978–1979 Reginald James Wallace
Sources: Henige,[1] MacDonald.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b David P. Henige (1970) Colonial governors from the Fifteenth Century to the Present, p119
  2. ^ Barrie Macdonald (1971) Policy and Practice in an Atoll Territory: British Rule in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, 1892-1970, Canberra, ANU
  3. ^ a b c Macdonald, Barrie Keith (2001). Cinderellas of the Empire: Towards a History of Kiribati and Tuvalu. Canberra: (Australian National University Press, (first published 1982). ISBN 982-02-0335-X.
  4. ^ Michael Ravell Walsh (2020) A History of Kiribati: From the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic, pp170–171.
  5. ^ "Charles Richard Swayne". militaryarchive.co.uk. 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Walsh, Michael Ravell (2020). A History of Kiribati: From the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic. ISBN 9-79869535-895-7.
  7. ^ Lifuka, Neli (1978). "War Years In Funafuti" (PDF). In Klaus-Friedrich Koch (ed.). Logs in the current of the sea : Neli Lifuka's story of Kioa and the Vaitupu colonists. Australian National University Press/Press of the Langdon Associates. ISBN 0708103626.
  8. ^ a b Cooper, Harold (18 September 1944). "Late – But In Company: Arrival of New Resident Commissioner in Tawara". XV(2) Pacific Islands Monthly. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  9. ^ Maude, H. E., & Doran, E., Jr. (1966). The precedence of Tarawa Atoll. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 56, 269-289.
  10. ^ Macdonald, Barrie Keith (1985). The Phosphateers: A history of the British Phosphate Commissioners and the Christmas Island Phosphate Commission. Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 9780522843026.
  11. ^ "G. and E. Colony's Headquarters". XX(8) Pacific Islands Monthly. March 1950. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  12. ^ Walsh, Michael Ravell (2020). A History of Kiribati: From the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic. ISBN 9-79869535-895-7.
  13. ^ Macdonald, Barrie Keith (2021). "British Rule in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, 1892" (PDF). ANU. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  14. ^ "Gilbert and Ellice Colony – Mr. J. C. Barley is New Resident Commissioner". IV(3) Pacific Islands Monthly. 20 September 1933. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  15. ^ a b "New Post for G. and E. Resident Commissioner". XVII(6) Pacific Islands Monthly. 20 January 1947. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
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