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((About|the form of political corruption|the medical procedure|Graft (surgery)|other uses|Graft (disambiguation)((!))Graft))
((Short description|Political corruption in which funds for public projects are used for private benefit))
'''Graft''', as understood in [[American English]], is a form of [[political corruption]] defined as the unscrupulous use of a politician's [[authority]] for personal gain. Political graft occurs when funds intended for [[Public works|public projects]] are intentionally misdirected in order to maximize the benefits to private interests.

Political graft functions when the public officer is directed to purchase goods or services from a [[Government contractor|specific private interest]] at a cost far above regular [[market rate]]s. The private interest then siphons some of the gratuitous [[Profit (economics)|profit]]s to government officials who are able to ensure that future [[government spending]] continues in the same fashion so that this lucrative relationship continues. A member of a government may [[Misappropriation|misappropriate]] directly from government funds, but they may also make decisions benefiting their own private economic interests by using inside knowledge of upcoming government decisions to their benefit, in a manner similar to [[insider trading]].

Although [[Conflict of interest|the conflict]] between public and private interests is common to all forms of corruption, the term "graft" is specific to the intentional misdirection of official funds. Although not the original usage of the term, graft in the modern context is commonly used as a blanket term for political [[embezzlement]], [[influence peddling]], or other forms of corruption. While embezzlement and influence peddling are elements sometimes present in graft, the relationship is not deterministic.((citation needed|date= July 2016))

[[George W. Plunkitt]] coined the term "honest graft" for graft that benefits other parties in addition to the politician committing it.<ref name="RiordonMcDonald1993">((cite book|author1=William L. Riordon|author2=Terrence J. McDonald|title=Plunkitt of Tammany Hall|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO1xAU_97fUC|date=15 November 1993|publisher=Bedford/St. Martin's|isbn=978-0-312-08444-8))</ref><ref name="BermanBerman2015">((cite book|author1=Margo Berman|author2=David Berman|title=State and Local Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-S3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA257|date=18 February 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-45944-6|pages=257–))</ref>

The British definition is very different - a grafter is a person who works hard and conscientiously.

==See also==
*[[Corruption]]
*[[Cronyism]]
*[[Confidence trick|Grift]]
*[[Inside job]]
*[[Money trail]]
*[[Nepotism]]
*[[Patronage]]
*[[Political corruption]]
*[[Political finance]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((Corruption))

[[Category:Political corruption]]


((Poli-term-stub))

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