The university offers degrees in over 200 areas of study and is administratively divided into 9 separate colleges.[7] As of September 2023, more than 100,000 students were enrolled online and in-person, making it one of the largest Christian universities by enrollment.[4][8]
The institution was established in 1949 by the Arizona Southern Baptist Convention as Grand Canyon College.[9] In 1999–2000, the university ended its affiliation with the Southern Baptist Convention.[10]
Grand Canyon College was founded as a nonprofit institution in 1949 in Prescott, Arizona. Southern Baptists felt the need to establish a faith-based institution that would allow local Baptists the opportunity to obtain a bachelor's or master's degree without going east to one of the Baptist colleges in Texas or Oklahoma.
On October 8, 1951, Grand Canyon College relocated to its current location in Phoenix.[11]
In 1984, the college's trustees voted to transition the college to a university for the 40th anniversary of the school in 1989, becoming Grand Canyon University. At this time, it also changed governance from the Southern Baptist Convention to the GCU Board of Trustees.[11]
For-profit restructuring
Suffering financial and other difficulties in the early part of the 21st century, the school's trustees authorized its sale in January 2004 to California-based Significant Education, LLC,[12] making it the first for-profit Christian college in the United States.[13] Significant Education was a subsidiary of education entrepreneur Michael K. Clifford's company.[12] Clifford became managing director of the privatized institution, with the former board of trustees serving in an advisory role.[12] Significant Education changed to a corporation in 2005 and became publicly traded under the name Grand Canyon Education, Inc in 2008.[14] GCE trades on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "LOPE".[14][15]
After the infusion of capital, Grand Canyon University's size increased. After having fewer than 1,000 students enrolled in 2008, the university had 17,500 students in the spring of 2017.[16] A 2015 economic impact study revealed that the university was adding about $1 billion into the state's economy each year during its expansion.[17] In February 2017, then Arizona Governor Doug Ducey said that the neighborhoods surrounding the university have experienced a 30% increase in housing values while concurrently seeing a 30% decrease in crime rates.[18]
By 2014 the accumulated student loan debt of Grand Canyon students was estimated to be more than $5.9 billion.[19]
Due to GCU's for-profit status (and various other reasons), Arizona State University had refused to play against GCU in any sport, even though both are NCAA Division I schools and located only 16 miles (26 km) apart.[20][21][additional citation(s) needed] ASU eventually reversed its decision, and sporting events between the two universities recommenced in the fall of 2020.[22]
Attempts to return to non-profit status
In fall 2014, the college announced the exploration of a return to non-profit status.[23] Grand Canyon's regional accreditation body, the Higher Learning Commission (HLC), rejected the university's petition for conversion to non-profit status in 2016, stating that the school's proposed strategy, particularly its plan to outsource some of its activities (such as curriculum development and student support services) to outside vendors, did not meet the criteria for "such a conversion".[23][24][25] In 2018, the university submitted another application to HLC to change to non-profit status.[26] This second application was accepted on July 1, 2018.[27][28] Although some organizations have approved this transition, the U.S. Department of Education still classifies the university as a for-profit university. The government specifically stated that GCU is a captive client to Grand Canyon Education and the college is operating for the benefit of shareholders of a for-profit company.[29] Grand Canyon Education has also been accused of engaging in securities-law fraud with its relation to GCU.[30][31]
Grand Canyon University was alleged to switch from for-profit status to non-profit status due to its yearly $9.2 million property tax bill. Numerous school officials said this was unsustainable and was one of the key reasons a required switch from for-profit to non-profit status was made, to reduce that burden.[20] Some critics of for-profit education criticized the relationship between GCU and GCE as being too intertwined.[32][33]
In 2021, a federal judge dismissed a lawsuit by GCU that claimed the university didn't receive all the coronavirus relief funds to which it was entitled because it was a non-profit entity.[34] That same year, GCU filed a lawsuit against the US Department of Education after being denied non-profit status twice.[35] The lawsuit was dismissed in 2022 after a federal judge rejected the university's claims.[36]
In October 2023, a Grand Canyon University press release alleged that there was a concerted effort by the U.S. Department of Education, Federal Trade Commission, and Department of Veterans Affairs to punish the school for attempting to gain non-profit status.[37][38]
Regulatory sanctions
In 2008, the university was sued by the United States federal government for paying enrollment counselors according to how many students they had enrolled while at the same time accepting federal financial aid, a violation of the Department of Education's incentive compensation ban. GCU eventually reached a settlement in the case, and was forced to pay a $5.2 million fine to a former employee and the federal government.[39]
In 2023 the Department of Education fined the company $37.7M for deceiving students about the cost of doctoral degrees. The department alleged that 78% of students graduating in those programs paid about 25% over the cost that GCU represented, with much of the extra charges accumulating from additional "continuation classes" for completing the dissertation requirement. Only 2% paid the represented cost. The school disputed the allegation, claiming in addition that it provides more information than is legally required. GCU is the largest recipient of Federal student aid. In addition to the fine, the department imposed conditions on the school to continue participating in the federal student aid programs.[40][41]
Also in 2023, the Federal Trade Commission filed a federal lawsuit alleging that Grand Canyon University deceived prospective doctoral students about the cost of its program and its for-profit status. The suit asserted that the university paid 60% of its revenues to the for-profit Grand Canyon Education company, being the most significant source of revenue for the for-profit company. The university and company shared the same CEO.[42]
Campuses
Student Union on Camelback Road
Main campus in Phoenix
In 2006, the college spent US$150 million to renovate the campus, adding a brick promenade, an aquatics center and a café.[43]
In 2009, Grand Canyon University's campus began work on a US$60 million campus expansion project which includes a 500-bed dormitory, a 55,000-square-foot (5,100 m2) fitness and recreation center, 125-classroom facility, food court and bowling alley,[44] and a 5,000-seat arena. The GCU Arena, which opened on September 2, 2011,[45] is used for concerts, speakers, and other events. The arena is also home to the college's men's and women's basketball teams and women's volleyball games.[46] The arena was expanded to 7,000 seats with construction beginning in spring 2014 and concluding in August of the same year.[47][48] Grand Canyon University offers several fast food restaurants, coffee shops, student union, cafeteria, video game room, and six-lane bowling alley for student recreation.[49] In August 2016, the university announced the establishment of the GCU Police Department [50]
In August 2016, GCU announced its 10 in 2 initiative, the building of 10 on-campus athletic facilities in a two-year span. Highlights of the project included new facilities for the university's soccer, baseball, softball, tennis and beach volleyball programs. It also included a sports medicine expansion, an equipment room expansion, practice facilities for the basketball and golf programs, and a student-athlete academic center.[51]
Accelerated Nursing (ABSN) learning sites
In 2020, the university opened its first two ABSN locations; one located in Sun City, Arizona, and the other in Tucson, Arizona.[52]
On May 9, 2022, GCU opened its ABSN location outside of Arizona in Sandy, Utah.[53]
On September 7, 2023, GCU Announced the opening of its 5th ABSN location in Chandler, Arizona.[52][54]
GCU's 4th ABSN location is located in Henderson, Nevada.[52]
GCU opened its 6th ABSN location, in Phoenix's West Valley, with a grand opening ceremony on September 18, 2023.[52]
Another ABSN satellite campus is located in Meridian, Idaho.[55]
The 8th most recently opened ABSN location is located in St. Louis, Missouri.[55]
Academics
Grand Canyon University offers over 200 bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree programs through its 10 colleges.[7]
Colangelo College of Business
College of Doctoral Studies
College of Education
College of Engineering, and Technology
College of Arts and Media
College of Humanities and Social Sciences
College of Nursing and Health Care Professions
College of Natural Sciences
College of Theology
Honors College
In August 2016, the university announced that it was opening a seminary.[56]
In April 2017, Arizona nursing board officials censured GCU after the school's nursing programs fell below 80% graduation rate for two consecutive years. GCU said it would implement a plan to increase graduation rates.[57] Three months later, the nursing board announced it was pleased with the "tremendous improvements" the university had shown to addressing all concerns.[58] In 2018, Grand Canyon's nursing program was censured by the Arizona State Board of Nursing over test passage rates. The censure came due to the number of first-time students failing to pass the registered nursing exam and after numerous complaints by students and faculty.[59] In the second quarter of 2018, Grand Canyon University's nursing students posted a 95.65 percent first-time pass rate on the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX). This leads to a year-to-date rate of 92.86 percent, which is higher than the Arizona Board of Nursing's year-to-date statewide average of 91.89.[60]
Grand Canyon University's undergraduate entrance requirements are either a 3.0 high school GPA, or a high school GPA of 2.5 with either an SAT score of 1,000 or ACT score of 19.[61] In 2021, the university acceptance rate was 76.9%; of those admitted, 23% enrolled. The university does not report scores of matriculating students, while high school class rank, high school college preparatory classes, and letters of recommendation are neither required nor recommended.[citation needed]
GCU Antelopes Baseball playing against Gonzaga University at GCU on February 19, 2016.
Grand Canyon University is a member of NCAA Division I with most sports participating in the Western Athletic Conference.[62] Grand Canyon's reclassification to Division I status in athletics started in the academic year 2013–14.[62] On August 23, 2017, the NCAA approved Grand Canyon's move to Division I, elevating the university to active membership status[63] and making it Division I basketball's only for-profit institution.[64] GCU immediately became eligible for post-season competition.[65]
Grand Canyon University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC). According to the HLC, Grand Canyon College entered candidacy for accreditation in 1961. By 1968 the school was regionally accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, HLC's predecessor, and remains accredited, successfully renewing its 10-year comprehensive evaluation in 2017.[68] GCU colleges and programs also holds additional accreditations from the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), the Arizona State Board of Educations, and the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE). The university teachers and administrator preparation programs are approved by the Arizona Department of Education.[69]
In 2021, the university acceptance rate was 76.9%, and, of those admitted, 23% enrolled.[70] The freshman retention rate was 61%.[71]U.S. News & World Report classifies the university among "National Universities", wherein it was classified in the 2022 Best Colleges as a Tier 2 institution (meaning it is placed in the bottom 25 percent of institutions in its ranking category).[71]
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