Great Whale River
The first step of the GB1 falls of Great Whale River, Summer 1992
Great Whale River basin in yellow
Native name
  • Grande rivière de la Baleine (French)
  • Abchigamiche River
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceQuebec
RegionNunavik
Physical characteristics
SourceLake Saint-Luson
 • coordinates54°49′30″N 70°32′17″W / 54.82500°N 70.53806°W / 54.82500; -70.53806
 • elevation500 m (1,600 ft)
MouthHudson Bay
 • location
Kuujjuarapik / Whapmagoostui
 • coordinates
55°15′59″N 77°47′23″W / 55.26639°N 77.78972°W / 55.26639; -77.78972
 • elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Length724 km (450 mi)[1]
Basin size42,700 km2 (16,500 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • average680 m3/s (24,000 cu ft/s)[1]

The Great Whale River (French: Grande rivière de la Baleine) is a river in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada. It flows from Lac Saint-Luson through Lac Bienville west to Hudson Bay. While the lower section of the river (after Lac Bienville) has a very powerful current, with many waterfalls (up to 15 metres (49 ft) or 20 metres (66 ft) in height) and rapids, the upper section consists of a series of lakes interconnected by steep rapids and ledges.

Great Whale River also has a branch originating from Caniapiscau Reservoir. For canoeists, this is the easiest access (a bridge on the Trans-Taiga Road at Lac Montausier 54°43′53.41″N 70°11′45.24″W / 54.7315028°N 70.1959000°W / 54.7315028; -70.1959000).

Both the northern village of Kuujjuarapik, whose inhabitants are mostly Inuit, and the Cree village of Whapmagoostui are situated at the mouth of the river, near the site of the former RCAF Station Great Whale River. The villages were formerly known collectively as "Great Whale River" and "Poste-de-la-Baleine."

The portion between Lake Bienville and the mouth of the Coats River has also been called Abchigamich River, but this name was dropped in 1946 by the Commission de géographie du Québec. Also, the name has often been wrongly translated into French as Rivière de la Grande Baleine (not until 1962 did the Commission de géographie du Québec officially adopt the current Grande rivière de la Baleine).[2]

History

A preliminary camp on the Great Whale River of the Révillon Frères company, 1922

The Great Whale River was a place favored by the Cree and Inuit for hunting beluga long before the arrival of Europeans. Even though both were nomadic, the mouth of the river was often an encampment site and served as unofficial border.

The name of the river was recorded in 1744 in the logbooks of Hudson's Bay Company employees Thomas Mitchell and John Longland, while exploring the bay's coast. The entry for July 25 made the first mention of the "Great White Whail [sic] River". It may have come from the Cree Whapmagoostui, meaning River of the Whale, and referring to the hunting of white whale or beluga there.[2]

In the early 1970s, the state-owned provincial power utility Hydro-Québec planned to construct three hydroelectric power stations on the Great Whale River as a part of the James Bay Project.[3] Although detailed planning for the project was only begun in 1986, opposition from Crees, Inuit, environmental organizations like Greenpeace and the Friends of the Earth and other activists led the Premier of Quebec, Jacques Parizeau, to announce in November 1994, that the project was suspended indefinitely. However, the project may still be revived in the future.

List of lakes on the upper section

Gallery

See also

Sources

  1. ^ a b c Atlas of Canada Archived 2007-04-04 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b "Grande rivière de la Baleine" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-12-04.
  3. ^ James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, ch. 8.1.3, pp. 114-115. Archived 2001-07-22 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

  • Honigmann, John Joseph. Social Networks in Great Whale River; Notes on an Eskimo, Montagnais-Naskapi, and Euro-Canadian Community. [Ottawa]: Dept. of Northern Affairs and National Resources, 1962.
  • Johnson, William D. An Exploratory Study of Ethnic Relations at Great Whale River. Ottawa, Canada: Northern Co-ordination and Research Centre, Dept. of Northern Affairs and National Resources, 1962.
  • Masty, David Sr. 1991. "Traditional Use of Fish and Other Resources of the Great Whale River Region". Northeast Indian Quarterly. 8, no. 4: 12-14.
  • Wills, Richard H. Conflicting Perceptions Western Economics and the Great Whale River Cree. [Canada?]: Tutorial Press, 1984. ISBN 0-9613076-6-8

External links

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