 This statue of Bobby sits at the corner of Edinburgh's Candlemaker Row and George IV Bridge, and is a Category A listed building | |
| Breed | Skye Terrier or Dandie Dinmont Terrier[1] |
|---|---|
| Born | 4 May 1855 Edinburgh, Scotland[citation needed] |
| Died | 14 January 1872 (aged 16) Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Resting place | Greyfriars Kirkyard |
| Known for | Guarding the grave of his owner until he died himself on 14 January 1872 |
| Owner | John Gray |
| Awards | Key to the City of Edinburgh |
Greyfriars Bobby (4 May 1855 – 14 January 1872) was a Skye Terrier or Dandie Dinmont Terrier[1] who became known in 19th-century Edinburgh for spending 14 years guarding the grave of his owner until he died on 14 January 1872. The story continues to be well known in Scotland, through several books and films. A prominent commemorative statue and nearby graves are a tourist attraction.
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The best-known version of the story is that Bobby belonged to John Gray, who worked for the Edinburgh City Police as a nightwatchman. When John Gray died he was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard, the kirkyard surrounding Greyfriars Kirk in the Old Town of Edinburgh. Bobby then became known locally, spending the rest of his life sitting on his master's grave.[2][3]
In 1867 the lord provost of Edinburgh, Sir William Chambers, who was also a director of the Scottish Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, paid for Bobby's licence and gave the dog a collar, now in the Museum of Edinburgh.[3][4]
Bobby is said to have sat by the grave for 14 years.[2][3][4][5] He died in 1872[4][5] and a necropsy by Prof Thomas Walley of the Edinburgh Veterinary College concluded he had died from cancer of the jaw.[6]
He was buried just inside the gate of Greyfriars Kirkyard, not far from John Gray's grave.[3]
A year later, the English philanthropist Lady Burdett-Coutts was charmed by the story and had a drinking fountain topped with Bobby's statue (commissioned from the sculptor William Brodie) erected at the junction of George IV Bridge and Candlemaker Row (opposite the entrance to the churchyard) to commemorate him.[5][7]
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Not to be confused with John Auld (disambiguation), Old Jock, or Old John. |
John Gray (died 15 February 1858) commonly known in popular culture as Old John (Scots: Auld Jock) was a gardener who came to Edinburgh in 1850 with his wife Jess and son John.[8] He avoided working in a workhouse by joining the Edinburgh City Police as a nightwatchman.[9] Around this time he looked after Greyfriars Bobby.[10] Bobby would follow John Gray whilst he was at work. According to records, policemen were obliged to have watchdogs with them.[11] John Traill claimed that John Gray was a farmer who regularly visited his coffee house at the one o'clock gun, though this might have been embellished as Traill didn't own the coffee house until four years after John Gray died.[11] Gray reportedly died of tuberculosis on 15 February 1858 and was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard.[12] For 14 years, the dog stayed at his master's graveside.[13]
In January 2018, his grave was toppled by vandals.[14] George Robinson of the One O'Clock Gun Association said "There are guys wandering around there totally out of their mind. You can't control that."[15]
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The accuracy of stories of Greyfriars Bobby has been challenged many times: for instance, in Forbes Macgregor's Greyfriars Bobby: The Real Story at Last,[16] Jan Bondeson's Greyfriars Bobby: The Most Faithful Dog in the World,[17] and Richard Brassey's "Greyfriars Bobby The Most Famous Dog in Scotland".[18]
Questions about the story's accuracy are not new. In a newspaper article in The Scotsman, "Greyfriars Bobby A Dog's Devotion" (11 August 1934), Councillor Wilson McLaren responds to contemporary questions about the accuracy of the stories by describing his own conversation, in 1871, with "Mr Traill" of "Traill's Coffee House" in relation to the dog he himself was then feeding, reassuring readers about the story Mr Traill had given him, and describing responses in 1889 to questions about the story's accuracy.[19] A sense of the difficulty of determining accuracy is gained from two opposing letters to The Scotsman newspaper on 8 February 1889 (part of the debate referred to by McLaren), both from people claiming close links to Greyfriars Kirk, both claiming to have known of the dog personally but with opposing views over the accuracy of stories.[20]
A common discussion is over which of two people named John Gray was the real owner of Bobby (one being a night watchman and the other a farmer).[4] In Councillor McLaren's account, Mr Traill in 1871 had spoken about John Gray the farmer.[19]
Jan Bondeson's book advances the view that fundamental facts about the dog and its loyalty are wrong. Bondeson states as background that in 19th-century Europe, there are over 60 documented accounts of graveyard or cemetery dogs. They were stray dogs, fed by visitors and curators to the point that the dogs made the graveyards their home. People began to believe that they were waiting by a grave and so the dog was looked after. Bondeson claims that after an article about Bobby appeared in The Scotsman, visitor numbers to the graveyard increased, which supposedly created a commercial benefit for the local community.[17] Bondeson also speculates that in 1867, the original Bobby died and was replaced with a younger dog, which explains Bobby's supposed longevity.[17]
According to a book published in 2022,[21] Bobby was more likely to have been a dandie dinmont terrier than a Skye terrier as is generally supposed. The claim was made by Mike Macbeth, president of the Dandie Dinmont Terrier Club of Canada. Macbeth pointed out that the dandie dinmont terrier was extremely popular in Scotland at the time, with some 60 breeders in the Edinburgh area, whereas skye terriers tended to be confined to the Isle of Skye.[22]
