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((Short description|Soviet general (1881–1925)))
((Redirect|Kotovsky))
((More citations needed|date=October 2016))
((Infobox military person
| name          = '''Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky'''
| birth_date    = ((Birth date|1881|6|24))
| death_date    = ((death date and age|1925|8|6|1881|6|24))
| image         = Kotovsky.jpg
| caption       = Grigory Kotovsky
| birth_place   = [[Hînceşti]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_place   = Chebanka Village, near [[Odessa]], [[Soviet Union]]
| placeofburial = 
| placeofburial_label = 
| nickname      = 
| allegiance    = ((flag|Soviet Russia|1919)) (1918–1922)<br />((USSR)) (1922–1925)
| branch        = [[Red Army]]
| serviceyears  = 1918–1925
| rank          = 
| unit          = 
| commands      = ((plainlist|
*[[17th Red Cossacks Cavalry Division]]
*[[2nd Cavalry Corps (Soviet Union)|2nd Cavalry Corps]]
))
| battles       = [[Russian Civil War]]
| awards        = [[Order of the Red Banner]] (3)
| relations     = 
| laterwork     = 
))

'''Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky''' (((lang-ru|Григо́рий Ива́нович Кото́вский)), ((lang-ro|Grigore Kotovski)); ((OldStyleDate|June 24|1881|June 12)) – August 6, 1925) was a Soviet military and political activist, and participant in the [[Russian Civil War]]. He made a career from being a [[gangster]] and [[bank robber]] to eventually becoming a [[Red Army]] commander and member of the [[Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union]].

==Early life==
((Unreferenced section|date=December 2015))Kotovsky was born in the [[Bessarabia Governorate]], the son of a mechanical engineer. Officially, Kotovsky claimed to be born in 1887((Citation needed|date=April 2020)). He also had five siblings. His father was a Russian citizen of Polish descent and his mother an ethnic Russian. By ancestry, Kotovsky hailed from an aristocratic Polish family from [[Kamyanets-Podilsky]]. His grandfather, because of connections with members of the Polish uprising, was dismissed from Russian service and eventually went bankrupt. His father was forced to move to Bessarabia and become a Russian burgess. Kotovsky suffered from a marked [[stuttering]] and was left-handed. At the age of 2, he lost his mother and, at 16, his father. Kotovsky was raised by his godmother, Sophia Challe, the daughter of a Belgian engineer and friend of Kotovsky's father, and a godfather, the landowner Manuk-bey. Manuk-bey aided and supported Kotovsky's enrollment and stay at the Cucuruzeni Agricultural College. He intended eventually to send his godson to [[Germany]] for advanced agricultural courses, but his dreams were cut short by his death in 1902.

While studying at the agricultural college, Kotovsky became involved with the local political club of [[Socialist Revolutionaries]]. After graduation in 1900 he began work as an assistant to an estate manager, but not for long. Kotovsky was fired for various acts of theft, fraternization, and other misdeeds. With the start of the [[Russo-Japanese War]], he failed to report to his military draft processing station. In 1905, he was arrested for evasion of military service and sent to the 19th Kostroma Infantry Regiment, headquartered in [[Zhytomyr]].

He soon [[desertion|deserted]] from the military and organized his own band of robbers, conducting raids and setting estates on fire. He was generally sheltered and supported by the peasants, who regarded him as a sort of [[Robin Hood]]. On January 18, 1906 Kotovsky was finally arrested, but managed to escape after six months in the Chisinau prison. On September 24, 1906, he was again arrested again and sentenced to 12 years of ''[[katorga]]''. Kotovsky began serving his sentence at [[Nerchinsk katorga]] until 1911. He later spent more time in various prisons across the [[Russian Empire]]: (Yelizavetgrad Prison, Smolensk Prison, and [[Oryol Prison]]). At katorga, Kotovsky cooperated with prison authorities and was put in charge of a 10-man team of construction workers who were building a railroad. In 1913 he became a candidate for the amnesty commemorating the [[300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty]]. However, it was decided not to release bandits on the day of the amnesty, and on February 27, 1913, Kotovsky managed to escape from katorga and return home to Bessarabia.

At first he lived in secrecy, working as a loader and worker doing unskilled, heavy jobs. He then became the leader of a local criminal gang of raiders. One of his most notorious feats was the successful theft of the State Treasury office in [[Bender, Moldova]]. On June 25, 1916 Kotovsky was unable to escape from police after another raid. He was surrounded by a squad of secret police and, after being wounded in the chest, he was arrested. The [[Odessa Military District]] court sentenced him to [[capital punishment]] and death by [[hanging]]. On [[death row]], Kotovsky wrote letters of repentance and begged to be sent to the front lines. Upon the abdication of [[Nicholas II]], a riot took place at Odessa prison after which the prison became self-governed by inmates; the [[Russian Provisional Government]] announced a wide political amnesty for all prisoners to be released.

==Revolutionary days==
[[File:Telo Kotovskogo.JPG|thumb|left|200px| Kotovsky's body after the murder]]

During the last part of [[World War I]], Kotovsky was sent to the [[Romania]]n front. In 1918, he sided with the Communists in [[Tiraspol]], taking command of a revolutionary battalion and helping the [[Bolshevik]]s gain control of [[Ukraine]]. He joined the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]] in 1920. In 1924, he took an active part in the foundation of the [[Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] in [[Transnistria]], as part of the [[Ukrainian SSR]].

[[Image:Мемориал Котовского.jpg|thumb|Kotovsky Mausoleum in [[Podilsk|Kotovsk]] in 2008. It was desecrated and looted in September 2016.<ref>((cite news|url=https://korrespondent.net/ukraine/3746161-na-odeschyne-razghrabyly-mavzolei-kotovskoho|title=In Odessa Oblast, the mausoleum of Kotovsky was ransacked|date=16 September 2016|publisher=[[korrespondent.net]]|language=uk|access-date=26 November 2017))</ref>]]

He was killed near [[Odessa]] by his deputy and friend [[Seider Meyer]] in 1925. He was then buried in a [[mausoleum]] in [[Birzula]], which was renamed Kotovsk in 1935, a town included in the newly created [[Odessa Oblast]]. The mausoleum was later destroyed by Romanian troops during World War II - [[Transnistria (World War II)]]. In May 2016 Kotovsk was renamed [[Podilsk]] and Kotovsk Raion—Podilsk Raion in order to comply with the [[decommunization in Ukraine|2015 laws prohibiting names of Communist origin]].<ref>((cite news|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/269361|title=Про перейменування деяких населених пунктів|date=21 May 2016|publisher=[[Holos Ukrainy]]|language=uk|access-date=1 June 2016))</ref>

Two other towns in the [[Soviet Union]] were also named Kotovsk. One of them was his native [[Hînceşti]], which regained its former name in 1990. The other one is in [[Tambov Oblast]], [[Russia]].

==Literature==
Kotovsky appears as an important character in the novel "[[Chapayev and Void]]" by postmodern Russian writer [[Viktor Pelevin]]. In this novel, Kotovsky is shown as a man who talks about philosophical questions and is addicted to [[cocaine]].

==See also==
* [[Mishka Yaponchik]]
* [[Sholem Schwarzbard]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* ((cite web
 |author      = Byelyaev, A., Dyenisyenko, D.
 |title       = Who killed the Robin Hood of Revolution? (Кто убил Робин Гуда революции?)
 |url         = http://saturday.ng.ru/deeds/2001-01-20/1_robin.html
 |publisher   = Nezavisimaya Gazeta (Независимая газета)
 |date        = 2001-01-20
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20100317120330/http://saturday.ng.ru/deeds/2001-01-20/1_robin.html
 |archive-date = 2010-03-17
))
* ((cite web
 |author      = Fomin, A.
 |date        = 2003-08-14
 |url         = http://www.pseudology.org/people/Kotovsky.htm
 |title       = If Komcors perish, it may be necessary to someone... (Если погибают комкоры, значит это кому-то нужно...)
 |publisher   = Pseudology (Псевдология)
 |access-date  = 2009-02-28
 |language    = ru
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110825063647/http://pseudology.org/people/Kotovsky.htm
 |archive-date = 2011-08-25
 |url-status     = dead
))
* ((cite web
 |author      = Konstantinov, O.
 |date        = 2010-01-25
 |url         = http://timer.od.ua/?p=55809
 |title       = The third mummy of the USSR. Body of Kotovsky submerges by water, while historians dream to obtain the criminal file of the Komcor's killer (Третья мумия СССР. Тело Котовского заливает водой, а историки мечтают заполучить уголовное дело убийцы комкора)
 |publisher   = TAIMER (ТАЙМЕР)
 |language    = ru
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20210417044952/http://timer.od.ua/?p=55809
 |archive-date = 2021-04-17
 |url-status     = dead
))
* ((cite web
 | url           = http://odesskiy.com/k/kotovskij-grigorij-ivanovich.html
 | title         = Biography and life of Grigory Ivanovich Kotovsky (Биография и жизнь Котовского Григория Ивановича)
 | publisher     = Odesskiy.com
 | language          = ru
 ))
* ((cite web
 |url         = http://www.tmbv.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6787:2010-06-23-16-32-26&catid=312:2010-06-21-18-45-14&Itemid=131
 |title       = Recollection of Grigory Kotovsky about the Tambov operation (Воспоминания Григория Котовского о тамбовской операции)
 |publisher   = tmbv.info
 |language    = ru
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305035855/http://www.tmbv.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6787:2010-06-23-16-32-26&catid=312:2010-06-21-18-45-14&Itemid=131
 |archive-date = 2016-03-05
 |url-status     = dead
))
* [http://www.apn.ru/publications/article25972.htm Burda, E. ''Kotovsky, who is he?'' (Котовский - кто он?).] Agency of political news. 2012-2-15

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Kotovsky, Grigory))
[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1925 deaths]]
[[Category:Bessarabian Bolsheviks]]
[[Category:Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War]]
[[Category:Politicians of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] 
[[Category:Moldovan gangsters]]
[[Category:Bank robbers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of St. George]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner]]
[[Category:People from Hîncești District]]
[[Category:People from Kishinyovsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Moldovan people of Polish descent]]
[[Category:Soviet people of Polish descent]]

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