USS Guardian, the lead ship of the class
Class overview
NameGuardian class
Operators United States Navy
Built1943–1945
In commission1954–1965
Completed16
Retired16
General characteristics
TypeRadar picket ship, converted Liberty ship, type Z-EC2-S-C5
Displacement10,760 long tons (10,930 t) full load
Length441 ft 6 in (134.57 m)
Beam56 ft 11 in (17.35 m)
Draft24 ft (7.3 m)
Propulsiontwo 220 PSI boilers; one 3 cylinder triple-expansion steam engine; one 4-blade, 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m) propeller; 2,500 shp (1,900 kW)
Speed11 kn (20 km/h; 13 mph)
Complement13-20 officers, 138-150 enlisted
Armament2 × 3 in (76 mm)/50 caliber guns

The Guardian-class radar picket ships were a class of ocean radar picket ships (YAGR, later AGR), converted 1954–1958 from World War II Liberty ships acquired by the U.S. Navy. Their task was to act as part of the radar defenses of the United States in the Cold War, serving until 1965.

Ship type

The converted Liberty ships were typically the boxed aircraft transport version, type Z-EC2-S-C5. The hull classification symbol of the ships was initially YAGR, changed to AGR in 1958: originally the District Auxiliary, Miscellaneous (YAG) classification with hull numbers YAG-41 through YAG-44 for the first four ships was considered, but this symbol was not adopted.[1]

Equipment

As converted, each ship carried an AN/SPS-8 height finding radar, AN/SPS-12 air/surface search radar, AN/SPS-17 long range air search radar, and AN/UPA-22 IFF sensor. The AN/SPS-8 was later replaced on some ships by the AN/SPS-30. The AN/SPS-17, purpose built for the Guardian class, could detect large aircraft such as bombers up to 220 nautical miles (410 km; 250 mi) away and small aircraft up to 102 nautical miles (189 km; 117 mi) away.[2]

Service

The AGRs were based on both coasts at Newport, Rhode Island (later Davisville, Rhode Island) and Treasure Island, California near San Francisco, eight on the East Coast and eight on the West Coast. They would spend 30–45 days at sea regardless of weather, alternating with 15 days in port, monitoring aircraft approaching the United States in the Contiguous Radar Coverage System, an adjunct to the Distant Early Warning line under the Continental Air Defense Command. Their primary duty was to warn of a surprise Soviet bomber attack. The AGRs were augmented by twelve radar picket destroyer escorts (DERs) of the Edsall and John C. Butler classes, Lockheed EC-121 / WV-2 Warning Star aircraft, and in the Atlantic, Goodyear ZPG-2W and ZPG-3W blimps and Texas Towers. The DERs and Navy WV-2s were called Barrier Forces, BarLant and BarPac, and operated much further from the US than the AGRs; the Air Force EC-121s operated in "Contiguous Barrier" orbits between the coasts and the AGRs. By 1965, the development of over-the-horizon radar had superseded their function, and the radar picket ships were decommissioned and scrapped by the early 1970s.[3]

The Contiguous Radar Coverage System's picket stations were about 400–500 miles (640–800 km) off each coast and provided an overlapping radar or electronic barrier against approaching aircraft. While on station, the ships' operational control shifted from the Navy to the Air Force and NORAD. While on station, each ship stayed within a specific radius of its assigned picket station, reporting and tracking all aircraft contacts. Each ship carried qualified air controllers to direct intercept aircraft sent out to engage contacts. While on station other duties such as search and rescue, weather reporting, and miscellaneous duties were assigned. The National Marine Fisheries Service even provided fishing gear so that the crew could fish for tuna during the season, and the ships sent daily reports of fish caught for research purposes.[citation needed]

The Guardian class spent more time at sea than any other U.S. Navy vessels, apart from ballistic missile submarines, averaging 220–250 days per year on patrol. To make this very high amount of sea time as comfortable as possible for the crew, all sleeping quarters were air conditioned, each officer had a private stateroom, petty officers shared two-man cabins and enlisted men slept in four-man cabins (most other USN enlisted men at the time slept in hammocks, and in large berthing compartments regardless of type of bed).[4]

Ships in class

List of Guardian-class radar picket ships
Hull no. Ship Fleet Original Name Converted by Commissioned Decommission Fate


AGR-1 Guardian Atlantic Squadron SS James G Squires (MCE hull 3137) CNY 1 February 1955 28 July 1965 Sold for scrapping (PD-X-888) dated 23 November 1970, to Revalarizacion de Materiales, S. A. c/o Boston Metals Co. contract MA-6163, withdrawn from the Reserve Fleet, 21 December 1970. scrapped in September 1971 at Bilbao, Spain
AGR-2 Lookout Atlantic Squadron SS Claude B Kitchen (MCE hull 3139) CNY 5 March 1955 12 July 1965 Scrapped in November 1970 at Bilbao, Spain
AGR-3 Skywatcher Atlantic Squadron SS Rafeal R Rivera (MCE hull 2337) CNY 29 March 1955 29 March 1965 Sold for scrapping, 23 December 1970, to Dawood Cord., Ltd., of Karachi, Pakistan, resold to German buyers and again resold. In December 1971 arrived at Santander, Germany for scrapping
AGR-4 Searcher Atlantic Squadron SS James W Wheeler (MCE hull 2338) CNY 2 April 1955 1 July 1965 Sold for scrapping, to North American Smelting Co., Wilmington, DE., delivered, 31, May 1970
AGR-5 Scanner Pacific Squadron SS Edwin D Howard (MCE hull 2344) NNY 30 January 1956 21 July 1965 Sold for non-transportation use, 3 October 1974, to General Exploration Co., Dallas, TX., fate unknown
AGR-6 Locator Pacific Squadron SS Frank O Peterson (MCE hull 2347) CNY 21 January 1956 9 August 1965 Sold for scrapping, 4 January 1975
AGR-7 Picket Pacific Squadron SS James F Harrell (MCE hull 3138) NNY 8 February 1956 30 July 1965 Sold by MARAD for scrapping in 1978
AGR-8 Interceptor Pacific Squadron SS Edward W Burton (MCE hull 3147) CNY 15 February 1956 5 July 1965 Scrapped, 16 February 1978
AGR-9 Investigator Atlantic Squadron SS Charles A Draper (MCE hull 2336) CNY 16 January 1957 2 March 1965 Sold 15 May 1971, scrapped at Santandar, Spain
AGR-10 Outpost Atlantic Squadron SS Francis J O'Gara (MCE hull 3140) PNY 6 February 1957 1 July 1965 Sold by MARAD, 17 February 1971 for scrapping at Bilbao, Spain
AGR-11 Protector Atlantic Squadron SS Warren P Marks (MCE hull 2346) CNY 20 February 1957 28 July 1965 Sold for scrapping to All Star Metals, Brownsville, TX., scrapping completed 30 November 2005
AGR-12 Vigil Atlantic Squadron SS Raymond Van Brogen (MCE hull 2339) PNY 5 March 1957 3 March 1965 Sold 23 November 1970, towed to Bilbao, Spain, 21 December 1970 for scrapping
AGR-13 Interdictor Pacific Squadron SS Edwin H Duff (MCE hull 3142) CNY 7 April 1958 5 August 1965 Sold for non-transportation use to a Portland OR. buyer, fate unknown
AGR-14 Interpreter Pacific Squadron SS Dudley H Thomas (MCE hull 2341) PNY 29 September 1958 1 July 1965 Sold for scrapping 4 November 1974
AGR-15 Tracer
(ex-Interrupter) 		Pacific Squadron SS William J Riddle (MCE hull 2340) CNY 16 October 1958 7 July 1965 Sold, 15 July 1974, by MARAD to Walco Vessels Ltd., for non-transportation use (PD-X-979 dated 5 June 1974) for $210,010.00, withdrawn from the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet, 1 August 1974. Placed in commercial service as a fish processing plant at Unalaska, AK, renamed Unisea. Towed to China in 2000 for scrapping.
AGR-16 Watchman Pacific Squadron SS Vernon S Wood (MCE hull 2343) CNY 5 January 1959 7 July 1965 Sold for scrapping, 3 October 1974 to American Ship Dismantlers


References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guardian class radar picket ships.
  1. ^ YAG
  2. ^ Nick McCamley (2013). Cold War Secret Nuclear Bunker: The Passive Defence of the Western World During the Cold War. Pen and Sword. p. 37. ISBN 978-1844155088.
  3. ^ Friedman, pp. 231-233
  4. ^ Naval War College Review. 52. Naval War College: 127. 1999. ((cite journal)): Missing or empty |title= (help)

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.

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