You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.202.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 21:04, 17 October 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 September 2024
Your current IP address is 44.202.229.202. The blocked range is 44.202.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Indigenous region of Panama))
((Coord|9|17|46|N|78|20|39|W|region:PA_type:adm1st|display=title))
((More citations needed|date=February 2012))

((Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|name                   = Guna Yala 
|other_name             = 
|native_name            = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        = ''[[Comarca#Panama|Comarca indígena]]'' 
|motto                  = 
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline          = 
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = 
|image_flag             = Bandera de la Comarca Guna Yala.svg
|flag_size              = 
|image_seal             = 
|seal_size              = 
|image_shield           = 
|shield_size            = 
|image_map              = Guna Yala in Panama.svg
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = 
|pushpin_map            = 
|pushpin_label_position = 
|pushpin_mapsize        = 
|pushpin_map_caption    = 
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type       = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name       = ((flag|Panama))
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces of Panama|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = 
|subdivision_type2      = [[Capital city|Capital]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Gaigirgordub, Guna Yala|Gaigirgordub]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes   = 
|government_type        = 
|leader_title           = 
|leader_name            = 
|leader_title1          = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1           = 
|established_title      = <!-- Settled -->
|established_date       = 
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref              = 
|area_footnotes         = 
|area_total_km2         = 2,358.2
|area_land_km2          = 
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of               = 2010
|population_footnotes           = 
|population_note                = 
|population_total               = 33,109<ref name=census>((cite web |url=https://www.contraloria.gob.pa/inec/archivos/P3601Cuadro11.xls |title=Cuadro 11. Superficie, población y densidad de población en la República, según Provincia, Comarca indígena, Distrito y Corregimiento: Censos de 1990, 2000 y 2010 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo, Contraloría General de la República de Panamá |access-date=11 November 2016))</ref>
|population_density_km2         = 
|population_density_sq_mi       = 
|population_metro               = 
|population_density_metro_km2   = 
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
|population_blank1_title        = Ethnicities
|population_blank1              = 
|population_density_blank1_km2  = 
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone               = [[Eastern Time Zone|ETZ]]
|utc_offset             = -5
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|coordinates            = ((Coord|9|33|N|78|58|W|region:PA|display=inline))
|elevation_footnotes    = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m            = 
|elevation_ft           = 
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type       = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code            = 
|area_code              = 
|blank_name             = 
|blank_info             = 
|blank_name_sec1        = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017)
|blank_info_sec1        = 0.580<ref name="GlobalDataLab">((Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13))</ref><br/>((color|#fc0|medium))
|website                = 
|iso_code               = PA-KY
|footnotes              = 
))

[[File:Kuna Yala beach 2003.jpg|right|thumb|Mainland beaches]]

'''Guna Yala''', formerly known as '''San Blas''', is a ''[[Comarca#Panama|comarca indígena]]'' (indigenous province) in northeast [[Panama]]. Guna Yala is home to the indigenous people known as the [[Guna people|Gunas]]. Its capital is [[Gaigirgordub, Guna Yala|Gaigirgordub]]. It is bounded on the north by the [[Caribbean Sea]], on the south by the [[Darién Province]] and [[Comarca Emberá-Wounaan|Emberá-Wounaan]], on the east by [[Colombia]], and on the west by the province of [[Colón Province|Colón]].

==Etymology==
Guna Yala in [[Kuna language|Kuna]] means "Land Guna" or "Guna Mountain". The area was formerly known as San Blas, and later as Kuna Yala, but the name was changed in October 2011 to "Guna Yala" when the Government of Panama recognized the claim of the people that "Guna" was a closer representation of the name.

== History ==
[[File:Isla Perro en la Comarca Guna Yala.JPG|right|thumb|Perro Island, Guna Yala]]

The area was the site of the [[conquistador]] stronghold of [[Acla]], where [[Vasco Núñez de Balboa]] was tried and beheaded.

When the Spaniards arrived in the 1600s, the Kuna people were living here near the [[Gulf of Urabá]], in what is considered [[Colombia]] today. However, contact with the Spaniards resulted in significant violence and limited trade.<ref name=":0">((Cite web|title=Kuna ((!)) Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kuna|access-date=2021-02-25|website=www.encyclopedia.com))</ref> The Kuna fled towards the [[Darién Province|Darién region]], what is considered [[Panama]] today. They initially began to live along the rivers which flowed into the [[Caribbean]],<ref name=":1">((Cite web|title=Native Rebellion and US Intervention in Central America|url=http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/native-rebellion-and-us-intervention-central-america|access-date=2021-02-25|website=www.culturalsurvival.org|language=en))</ref> however as early as the mid 1800s they began to relocate out onto islands near the mouths of freshwater rivers.<ref name=":0" /> This sheltered them from illnesses, snakes and mosquitos.<ref name=":1" /> Living on the islands also connected them to the coastal trade, forest products, coconuts and turtle-shell.<ref name=":1" /> It also gave the Kuna access to trade vessels travelling along coastal routes. They lived in this way on the islands, and maintained their farms on the mainland.<ref name=":1" /> Until the mid-nineteenth century this region remained relatively peaceful.<ref name=":1" />

In the late 1690s, the [[Darien scheme]] in the [[Kingdom of Scotland]] attempted to create an overseas colony in the region, hoping to open an overland route between the [[Atlantic ocean|Atlantic]] and [[Pacific ocean|Pacific]] oceans, almost two centuries prior to the opening of the [[Panama Canal]]. They founded the town of [[Darien scheme#New Edinburgh|New Edinburgh]] on a bay they named the Bay of Caledonia (a few kilometres southeast of modern [[Ustupo]]), as the capital of a new colony to be named "Caledonia" after the Latin name for [[Scotland]]. A combination of poor planning, famine, tropical disease and collusion between the [[East India Company]] and the [[Kingdom of England]] to frustrate the scheme led to the failure of the colony and the death of the majority of the colonists. The town finally surrendered to a siege and blockade of the port by forces of the [[Spanish Empire]] in March 1700, and the few survivors were evacuated. Of the 2,500 colonists who had left Scotland, barely a few hundred returned. This costly and high-profile failure caused the bankruptcy of the Scottish government and was a major contributory factor in weakening resistance to the loss of Scottish sovereignty to [[London]] through the [[Acts of Union 1707|Act of Union]] less than a decade later.

By the Colombian Act of June 4, 1870 '''Tulenega Shire''' was created, which also included the present territory of the Guna Yala district; this comprises some of the communities of the District of [[Wargandí (district)|Wargandí]] such as Mordi, and Sogubdi Asnadi; the communities of the region of [[Madugandí (district)|Madungandi]] including Tiuarsicuá, and Guna communities of Colombia, such as Tanela and Arquía. The land area of the Tulenega Shire stretched from the province of Colon to the [[Gulf of Urabá]], Colombia. The head of regional government was generally a commissioner appointed by the central government.<ref name="History">((cite web | url=http://www.gunayala.com/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=55 | title=History | publisher=Guna Yala | access-date=April 11, 2016 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417103320/http://www.gunayala.com/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=55 | archive-date=April 17, 2016 ))</ref> The law also recognized the Guna as property owners of the Shire.

After separation of Panama in 1903, the Act of 1870 was ignored. The territory of the former region was divided de facto into two parts: the majority remained in the new Republic of Panama, while a small portion remained in Colombia.

The suspension of the region, the incursions of outsiders into Guna villages in search of gold, rubber, and sea turtles, banana concessions, and colonial police abuse caused great discontent among the natives and brought the February 25, 1925 Guna Revolution, led by [[Nele Kantule]] of the town of [[Ustupo|Ustupu]] and Ologintipipilele ([[Simral Colman]]) of [[Ailigandi]]. The armed Guna attacked the police on the islands and Ugupseni Tupile, as the police were accused of abuses and suppressing Guna customs in several communities. The Guna proclaimed the independent Republic of Tule, separating from the central government of Panama for a few days.

The subsequent peace treaty established the commitment of the Government of Panama to protecting the customs of the Guna. The Guna, in turn, accepted the development of a formal school system in the islands. The police brigade would be expelled from their territory and all prisoners released. The negotiations that ended the armed conflict constituted a first step towards establishing the autonomous status of the Guna and maintaining the culture that was being suppressed.

Based on Article 5 of the Constitution of 1904, which allows for special political divisions for reasons of administrative convenience or public service, legislation on indigenous territories in Panama established the Guna District of San Blas in 1938 including areas of the provinces of [[Panamá Province|Panamá]] and [[Colón Province|Colón]]. Its boundaries and administration were finalized by Act No. 16 of 1953.

Currently, according to the ruling of the Supreme Court of 23 March 2001, the region has a different political and administrative organization, independent of the Districts and Villages. The counties are governed by special institutions themselves, and by resolution of Division of the Supreme Court, on 6 December 2000, an institution is the consent of indigenous peoples who wish to develop projects in their territories.

Governor Erick Martelo was removed from office in September 2020 after being found traveling in a car with 75 packages of illegal drugs.<ref>((cite news |title=Panama governor stopped in car with 79 drug parcels |url=https://news.yahoo.com/panama-governor-stopped-car-79-163041685.html |access-date=Sep 16, 2020 |work=news.yahoo.com |publisher=BBC |date=September 15, 2020))</ref>

== Government and politics ==
The governmental structure of Guna Yala is defined in Law 16 of 1953. The [[General Congress Guna]] is the highest political authority of Guna Yala. It consists of representatives of all communities in Guna Yala, and meets twice a year. Votes are taken by each sahila (elected leader) of the community.

== Political subdivisions of Guna Yala ==
Guna Yala is politically subdivided into four ''corregimientos'' (districts), with a total of 51 ''comunidades'' (communities),<ref>[https://paolatoursanblas.weebly.com/historia-y-cultura.html Transporte Marítimo Paola: Guna Yala]</ref>49 of which are located on islands of the [[San Blas Archipelago]] off the mainland coast, and only the two easternmost on the mainland. They are listed from west to east:

===Corregimiento de [[Narganá]]===
* [[Wichupwala]]
* [[Nalunega]]
* [[Gorbisgi]]
* [[Carti Mamidup]]
* [[Uargandup]]
* [[Ailidup]]
* [[Orosdup]]
* [[Mandi Ubgigandup]]
* [[Arridup]]
* [[Narvagandub Dummad]] or Narvajos Grande
* [[Narasgandup bipy]] or Orange Girl
* [[Akwadup]]
* [[Cartí Sugtupu|Carti Sugdupu]]
* [[Carti Mulatupu]]
* [[Carti Yandup]]
* [[Carti Tupile]]
* [[Soledad Miria|Mirya Ubgigandup]] or Soledad Miria
* [[Mormaquetupu]] or Machine Island
* [[Mamardup]]
* [[Rio Sidra|Urgandi]]
* [[Nusadup]]
* [[Uargandup]] or Sugar River
* [[Yandup]] or Narganá
* [[Corazón de Jesús (island)|Agwanusadup]] or Corazón de Jesús (''Heart of Jesus'')
* [[Digir]] or Isla Tigre
* [[Niadup]] or Ticantiquí
* [[Maguebgandi]]
* [[Nabagandi]]

===Corregimiento de [[Ailigandí|Ailigandi]]===
* [[Aidirgandi]]
* [[Ugupa]] or large Playon
* [[Irgandi]]
* [[Ukupseni|Ugupseni]] or Playon Chico
* [[Kanir-Dup]] or San Ignacio de Tupile
* [[Ailigandí|Aligandi]]
* [[Achutupo|Achutupu]]
* [[Mamitupu]]
* [[Ustupu (Panama)|Ustupu]]
* [[Ogobsucun]]

===Corregimiento de [[Tubualá|Dubwala]]===
* [[Mansucun]]
* [[Nabagandi]]
* [[Mulatupo|Mulatupu]]
* [[Sasardi]]
* [[Tubualá]]
* [[Goedupu]]
* [[Island Cuba]]
* [[Marmartupu]]
* [[Sukunya]]
* [[Yansipdiwar]]
* [[Anachuguna]]

===Corregimiento de [[Puerto Obaldía]]===
* [[Armila]] (mainland)
* [[Port Obaldía]] (mainland)

== Geography ==
[[File:Mapa de Panamá.svg|250px|thumb|This map shows the three ''[[comarca indígena|comarcas indígenas]]'', including Yala Guna on the northeast coast, [[Kuna de Wargandí|Wargandí]] Mostar and [[Madugandí]] are not shown.]]

The Guna District of Yala or Guna Yala Region has an area of ((convert|2.306|km2|2)). It consists of a narrow strip of land of ((convert|373|km|adj=on)) long on the east coast of [[Caribbean]] Panama, bordering the province of [[Darién Province|Darién]] and [[Colombia]]. An archipelago of 365 islands is around the coast, of which 50 are inhabited.<ref>((Cite book|last=Mersmann|first=Andrew|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/806268613|title=Frommer's 500 places where you can make a difference|date=2009|publisher=Frommer's|others=Kisha Ferguson|isbn=978-0-470-16061-9|location=Hoboken, N.J.|oclc=806268613))</ref>

By boat, going from the most southeastern point, Puerto Obaldia, to the most northwestern point, Gaigirgordub, is a bit more than 100 miles.

The region lies on the north coast of Panama, situated east of the [[Panama Canal|Panama canal]], but also nearby the border into Colombia. It is situated conveniently near canal routes, and is a well known area for sailing. The islands however, are at risk of becoming uninhabitable by the late 21st century due to [[sea level rise|rising sea levels]].<ref>((Cite journal|title=Rising Ocean Temperatures Threaten Carbon-Storing Sea Grass|url=https://eos.org/articles/rising-ocean-temperatures-threaten-carbon-storing-sea-grass|access-date=2021-02-25|journal=Eos|year=2018 |language=en-US|doi=10.1029/2018eo090839|last1=Lanese |first1=Nicoletta |volume=99 |doi-access=free))</ref>

== Economy ==
The economy of Guna Yala is mainly [[agriculture]], [[fishing]], [[tourism]], and [[handicraft]] production.

Agriculture in Guna Yala is for subsistence purposes. Traditional products are bananas (now the Chinese banana), corn, and sugar cane. Coconuts are also produced as a source of income.

The fishery is artisanal, usually using wire (line) or networks. Most fishing is for sale. The seafood is especially intended for sale, for which planes come daily to the islands. Sold are lobster, crab, squid, and octopus.

The production of [[Mola (art form)|molas]] is the main activity of Guna women, and is for many families the principal source of income.

There are tourist facilities in Guna Yala. Most are small hotels for ecotourism. Most of them are in the field of Carti, but there are also several in the township of Ailigandi.

Another source of income is remittances from relatives working in the cities of Panama and Colon.

== Customs and traditions ==
Among the most important traditions of the Guna people there are:

"Ico-inna", or "Feast of the Needle" in lack of a more accurate translation, is the feast of puberty where a young girl after her first menstruation participates in a party. The pubescent girl gets her septum((Clarify|reason=there are at least ten different septa of the human body:p; which one is pierced?|date =December 2022)) pierced and a ring with coconut oil as an antiseptic is placed through it.

Children between 4 and 5 take part in ceremony of "inna-suit" or Baptism. It involves their first haircut, which is attended by all the people in the community. The female is ((Clarify|reason=which female? (children are not all females); the text was about (plural) children, but here suddenly it is about one person with singular verb form; and what about the male children?|date=December 2022)) assigned a name in the Guna language. This name is next to the name given in the country's official language.

The Night Festival or "inna-mutiki" is a party where all the people get involved in the celebration of a wedding or a new marriage in the community. This festival usually lasts several days until the liquor stock garnered by the families is finished.

== Demographics ==
The Guna District of Yala has a population of 31,557 inhabitants (2010), which shows a progressive decrease in the population.

== Guna Revolution ==
((Main|San Blas Rebellion))
((Unreferenced section|date=February 2021))
The Guna Revolution refers to the events in 1925, in which the Guna Indians fought the ruling Panamanian authorities, who were attempting to force the Indians to adopt Hispanic culture by military action. During this revolution the Guna Yala territory seceded and operated as the short-lived Republic of Tule. Following mediation by the United States, the Guna re-united with Panama. The Gunas, with the support of the Panamanian government, created an autonomous territory called the Guna Yala district for the indigenous inhabitants which they would rule themselves.

=== Background ===
During the first twenty years of the independent country of Panama, the Kuna had serious differences with national governments, because they tried to eradicate their culture, their customs, and their disrespect, indigenous authorities wanted to strip the land apart and were outraged by the governors and the colonial police (a settler to a native, is a non-Indian).
This is linked to an incident on April 20, 1921, which was staged in the [[Corazón de Jesús (island)|Corazón de Jesús]] Narganá and Westernization movement for women, which was to change clothes, take away the gold ring of the nose, the plates high carat gold, beads, winks, and coin necklaces worn as ornaments. But a woman escaped and fled to Rio Narganá Sugar, from which it came. The police in retaliation imprisoned his children and his son, who was released to the outside to look.

That day at Sugar River had an indigenous congress and there it was decided not to let the woman go, so the sahila on behalf of the community sent a message saying that the police were not looking for it. The police did not heed the message that night and sent a commission to Rio Colonial Sugar two police officers and three Indians. When trying to stop some of the male relatives of women, began the battle and killed three residents of the town, two Indian policemen and others were injured with machete wildly as they fled in a canoe. The bodies of the policemen were left in the water, tied to a stick in the sand enlcavado until they came to collect their families.

The atmosphere remained tense until January 1925. Juan Demosthenes Arosemena was the governor of the province of Colon, and was concerned about the information he had supplied the mayor of San Blas, Andrés Mojica, on a course between the indigenous independence movement, so we decided to tell the Foreign Secretary Horacio F. Alfaro, to follow closely the actions of Americans Anne Coope, missionary, and explorer Richard Oglesby Marsh.
Just Marsh was the promoter of independence. On his return to Panama in January 1925, he found a conflict between police and indigenous ready to explode, so he asked the U.S. military intervention in the Canal Zone, to exercise a protectorate, and wrote the Declaration of Independence and Tule people's human rights and Darién. Marsh was supported by the U.S. ambassador, who helped the Panamanian government establish a peace agreement that would guarantee human rights and political rights of 
Guna.

=== Revolution ===
[[Image:Flag of Kuna Yala.svg|thumb|right|The flag of the Revolution Guna, adopted in 1925.]]
[[Image:Flag of Kuna Yala (1942).svg|thumb|right|Alternate version, adopted in 1942.]]
The situation worsened until February 12, 1925, in a conference held in Ailigandi, where he met top leaders of 45 villages and tribes. The conference lasted 26 days, proclaiming the Republic of Tule, and fixing territorial limits.
This uprising was under a flag was made by Waga Ebinkili (Mary Colman), granddaughter of Chief Simral Colman. It had a rectangular design with stripes. The center was yellow with the upper and lower stripes in red and with a figure of left facing [[swastika]].
On February 21, 10 days after the declaration of independence, in the midst of the Carnival, indigenous revolution broke out that lasted until 27 February, which was led by Nele Gantule and chief Colman. It is said that the insurgents were traveling in canoes from indigenous and Carti Ailigandi for the purpose of attacking the National Police headquarters in Playon Chico, Río Tigre, Tigantigí, Narganá, UGAP and elsewhere in the archipelago, and carried much of the police contingent. The toll was 27 dead.

On 4 March, with the presence of the American minister, John G. South, was signed the peace agreement with the Guna, who were promised a better deal, respect for their customs, not to impose the establishment of schools, and were assured the same protection and rights enjoyed by other citizens. The Guna, in turn, pledged to lay down their weapons, withdraw their declaration of independence, and abide by the laws of Panama.

==See also==
*((Portal-inline|Panama))
*[[Mola (art form)]]
*[[San Blas Islands]]

==Notes==
((reflist))

== References ==
* Panama in figures: Years 2000–2004, The Statistics and Census of the Comptroller General of the Republic

== Further reading ==
* Baker, Christopher P. and Mingasson, Gilles. National Geographic Traveler: Panama. (2nd ed.) Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2011.
* Humphreys, Sara and Calvo, Raffa. The Rough Guide to Panama. London: Rough Guides, 2010.
* Lecumberry, Michel. San Blas: molas and Kuna traditions. (2nd ed., rev) [Panama]: Txango Publications, 2006.

== External links ==
((Commons-inline|Kuna Yala))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111228192359/http://www.congresogeneralkuna.com/ Congreso General Guna]
* ((Cite news |title=Islanders forced from their homes to the mainland |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-latin-america-62497711))

((Provinces and regions of Panama))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Guna Yala| ]]
[[Category:1938 establishments in Panama]]
[[Category:Comarcas of Panama]]
[[Category:Kuna people]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1938]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Guna Yala (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite journal (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Clarify (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Color (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Commons-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Coord (view source) (protected)
Template:Country data Panama (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix-span (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix comma category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flag (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Flag/core (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/areadisp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/columns (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/columns/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/densdisp (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/metric (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/pref (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox settlement/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Longitem (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Max (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nbsp (view source) (protected)
Template:Nobold (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Order of magnitude (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Pluralize from text (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Precision (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Provinces and regions of Panama (edit)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Replace (view source) (protected)
Template:Round (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sister-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Spaces (view source) (protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Unreferenced (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unreferenced section (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for clobbered parameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Commons link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Coordinates (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:DecodeEncode (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166/data/National (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/p (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Redirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Settlement short description (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Guna Yala.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guna_Yala"