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((Short description|German physicist))
((refimprove|date=February 2013))
((Infobox scientist
 |honorific_suffix = 
 |name          = 
 |image         = Gustav Wiedemann 1860ca Basel.jpg
 |caption       = 
 |alt           = 
 |birth_name    = Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann
 |birth_date    = ((Birth date|df=y|1826|10|2))
 |death_date    = ((nowr|((Dath date and age|df=y|1899|3|24|1826|10|2))))
 |birth_place   = [[Berlin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
 |death_place   = [[Leipzig]], [[Germany]]
 |resting_place = 
 |alma_mater    = 
 |known_for     = [[Wiedemann effect]]<br>[[Wiedemann–Franz law]]
 |spouse        = 
 |children      = 
 |awards        = [[List of fellows of the Royal Society W, X, Y, Z|ForMemRS]] ((small|(1884)))
 |framestyle    = 
 |liststyle     = 
 |title         = 
 |field         = [[Physics]]
 |workplaces    = [[Karlsruhe Institute of Technology]]<br>[[Leipzig University]]<br>[[University of Basel]]<br>[[Technical University of Braunschweig]]
 |style         = 
 |thesis_title  = 
 |thesis_url    = 
 |thesis_year   = 
 |doctoral_advisor  = 
 |academic_advisors = 
 |doctoral_students = 
 |notable_students  = [[August Hagenbach]]
 |influences    = 
 |influenced    = 
 |signature     =
))
'''Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann''' ((post-nominals|post-noms=[[Royal Society of London|FRS(For)]] H[[FRSE]])) (((IPA-de|ˈɡʊsta(ː)f ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈviːdəman));<ref>((cite book|author1=Dudenredaktion|last2=Kleiner|first2=Stefan|last3=Knöbl|first3=Ralf|year=2015|orig-year=First published 1962|title=Das Aussprachewörterbuch|trans-title=The Pronunciation Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T6vWCgAAQBAJ|language=German|edition=7th|location=Berlin|publisher=Dudenverlag|isbn=978-3-411-04067-4|pages=422, 902))</ref><ref>((cite book|last1=Krech|first1=Eva-Maria|last2=Stock|first2=Eberhard|last3=Hirschfeld|first3=Ursula|last4=Anders|first4=Lutz Christian|title=Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch|trans-title=German Pronunciation Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E-1tr_oVkW4C&q=deutsches+ausspracheworterbuch|language=German|year=2009|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-11-018202-6|pages=560, 575, 1053))</ref> 2 October 1826 – 24 March 1899) was a German [[physicist]] and scientific author.

==Life==
Wiedemann was born in [[Berlin]] the son of a merchant who died two years later. Following the death of his mother in 1842 he lived with his grandparents.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/wiedemann-gustav-heinrich|title=Wiedemann, Gustav Heinrich &#124; Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com))</ref>

After attending a private school as well as the Cölnische Humanistische [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]], he entered the [[University of Berlin]] in 1844 where took his doctor's degree three years later under the supervision of [[Heinrich Gustav Magnus]]. His thesis on that occasion was devoted to a question in [[organic chemistry]], for he held the opinion that the study of [[chemistry]] is an indispensable preliminary to the pursuit of [[physics]], which was his ultimate aim. In Berlin he made the acquaintance of [[Hermann von Helmholtz]] at the house of Heinrich Gustav Magnus and was one of the founders of the [[Berlin Physical Society]].((sfn|Chisholm|1911))
[[File:Wiedemann, Gustav Heinrich – Lehre von den Wirkungen des galvanischen Stromes in die Ferne, 1874 – BEIC 6746637.jpg|thumb|''Lehre von den Wirkungen des galvanischen Stromes in die Ferne'', 1874]]
In 1854 he left Germany to take on the role of Professor of Physics in [[Basel University|Basel]], nine years later he moved to [[Braunschweig University of Technology|Braunschweig]] and in 1866 to [[Karlsruhe Polytechnic|Karlsruhe]]. In 1871 he accepted the chair of [[physical chemistry]] at [[University of Leipzig|Leipzig]]. The attention he had paid to chemistry in the earlier part of his career enabled him to hold his own in this position, but he found his work more congenial when in 1887 he was transferred to the professorship of physics.((sfn|Chisholm|1911)) With [[Rudolph Franz]], Wiedemann developed the [[Wiedemann–Franz law]] relating thermal and electrical conductivity in 1853.

[[August Hagenbach]] was one of his students in Leipzig.

He died in [[Leipzig]] on 24 March 1899.

==Literary work==
His name is probably most widely known for his literary work. In 1877 he undertook the editorship of the ''[[Annalen der Physik und Chemie]]'' in succession to [[Johann Christian Poggendorff]], thus starting the series of that scientific periodical which is familiarly cited as ''Wied. Ann.'' Another monumental work for which he was responsible was ''Die Lehre van der Elektricitat'', or, as it was called in the first instance, ''Lehre von Galvanismus und Elektromagnetismus'', a book that is unsurpassed for accuracy and comprehensiveness. He produced the first edition in 1861, and a fourth, revised and enlarged, was only completed a short time before his death.((sfn|Chisholm|1911))

==Scientific research==
But his original work was also important. His data for the [[thermal conductivity]] of various metals were for long the most trustworthy at the disposal of physicists, and his determination of the [[Ohm (unit)|ohm]] in terms of the specific resistance of [[mercury (element)|mercury]] showed remarkable skill in quantitative research. He carried out a number of magnetic investigations which resulted in the discovery of many interesting phenomena, some of which have been rediscovered by others; they related among other things to the effect of mechanical strain on the magnetic properties of the magnetic metals, to the relation between the chemical composition of compound bodies and their magnetic properties, and to a curious parallelism between the laws of [[Torsion (mechanics)|torsion]] and of [[magnetism]] (see [[Wiedemann effect]]). He also investigated electrical [[endosmosis]] and the electrical resistance of [[electrolyte]]s.((sfn|Chisholm|1911))

==Family==
In 1851 he married Clara Mitscherlich.((cn|date=February 2021))

Their eldest son, [[Eilhard Wiedemann|Eilhard Ernst Gustav]], born in Berlin on 1 August 1852, became professor of physics at [[university of Erlangen|Erlangen]] in 1886, and his younger son, Alfred, born in Berlin on 18 July 1856, was appointed to the extraordinary professorship of [[Egyptology]] at Bonn in 1892.((sfn|Chisholm|1911))

==References==
((reflist))
'''Attribution:'''
*((EB1911|wstitle=Wiedemann, Gustav Heinrich|volume=28|page=621))

==Works==
* ((Cite book|title=Lehre von den Wirkungen des galvanischen Stromes in die Ferne|volume=2|publisher=Vieweg und Sohn|location=Braunschweig|year=1874|issue=1 |language=de|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6746637))
** ((Cite book|title=Lehre von den Wirkungen des galvanischen Stromes in die Ferne|volume=2|publisher=Vieweg und Sohn|location=Braunschweig|year=1874|issue=2 |language=de|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6749016))
* ((Cite book|title=Lehre von der Elektricität|volume=1|publisher=Vieweg und Sohn|location=Braunschweig|year=1882|language=de|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6751485))
** ((Cite book|title=Lehre von der Elektricität|volume=2|publisher=Vieweg und Sohn|location=Braunschweig|year=1883|language=de|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6753936))
** ((Cite book|title=Lehre von der Elektricität|volume=3|publisher=Vieweg und Sohn|location=Braunschweig|year=1883|language=de|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6756993))
** ((Cite book|title=Lehre von der Elektricität|volume=4|publisher=Vieweg und Sohn|location=Braunschweig|year=1885|language=de|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=6759948))
** ((Cite book|title=Lehre von der Elektricität|volume=5|publisher=Vieweg und Sohn|location=Braunschweig|year=1885|language=de|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=7184618))

==External links==
* ((de-ADB|55|67|70|Wiedemann, Gustav Heinrich|Reiger|ADB:Wiedemann, Gustav Heinrich))
* ((MathGenealogy |id=158570 ))

((Authority control))
((DEFAULTSORT:Wiedemann, Gustav Heinrich))
[[Category:1826 births]]
[[Category:1899 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century German physicists]]
[[Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:German physical chemists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Berlin]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala]]
[[Category:Physicists from the Kingdom of Prussia]]

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