| Gyalectales | |
|---|---|
| |
| Apothecia of Gyalecta jenensis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Subclass: | Ostropomycetidae |
| Order: | Gyalectales Henssen ex D.Hawksw. & O.E.Erikss. (1986) |
| Families | |
|
Phlyctidaceae | |
Gyalectales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 5 families, 15 genera and about 550 species.
The Gyalectales were introduced in a 1974 publication by Aino Henssen and Martin Jahns,[1] but not formally published until 1986 by David Hawksworth and Ove Eriksson.[2]
An early (2002) phylogenetics study showed that the order Ostropales, as was then circumscribed, was paraphyletic, and proposed that the Ostropales sensu lato included the Gyalectales and Trapeliaceae.[3] Although they had traditionally been considered to be only distantly related, molecular studies suggested a much closer phylogenetic relationship.[4][5] As a result, of the molecular data, Kauff and Lutzoni subsumed the Gyalectales into the Ostropales, as the latter name was published earlier (1932 vs. 1986).[3]
In 2018, Kraichak and colleagues used a recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks. Based on this approach, clades that share a common ancestor between 176 and 194 Mya and a time window of 111–135 Mya correspond to order-level and family-level, respectively. The Gyalectales clade, consisting of the families Trichotheliaceae, Coenogoniaceae, Sagiolechiaceae, Gyalectaceae and Phlyctidaceae, has a crown node that falls within the temporal band for orders. For this reason the name Gyalectales was resurrected to represent the monophyletic clade.[6] Gyalectales itself is placed in Ostropomycetidae, one of two major subclasses in the Lecanoromycetes.
This proposed classification has been accepted in a later review of the temporal banding method for fungus systematics,[7] as well a 2020 update on ascomycete classification.[8]
This is a list of the families and genera contained within the Gyalectales, based on a 2020 review and summary of ascomycete classification.[8] Following the taxon name is the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and (for genera) the number of species: