Phylum of eukaryotic organisms
Gyrista is a phylum of heterokont protists containing three diverse groups: the mostly photosynthetic Ochrophyta , the parasitic Pseudofungi , and the recently described group of nanoflagellates known as Bigyromonada .[2] ciliary transition region .[1]
Systematics
Taxonomic history
Gyrista was first described in 1998 by protistologist Thomas Cavalier-Smith in his work A revised six-kingdom system of life , originally as a superphylum containing two phyla : Ochrophyta , the heterokont algae ; and Bigyra , which then contained the pseudofungi and bigyromonads together with the opalines .[1] bicosoecids and labyrinthulomycetes , while the Ochrophyta, Pseudofungi and Bigyromonada remained as groups within Gyrista.[2]
Molecular phylogenetics
Gyrista was seen in 2017 as the sister group to phylum Bigyra , which contains the Sagenista and Opalozoa . Together, Gyrista and Bigyra form the superphylum Stramenopiles or Heterokonta .[2] [4]
A phylogenetic analysis in 2022 recovered a monophyletic Bigyromonada sister to Pseudofungi . The "Bigyra" is paraphyletic :[5]
Classification
The 2018 revised taxonomy of Gyrista is the following,[2] ochrophyte classes described in 2020[6] [7]
Subphylum Bigyromonada Cavalier-Smith 1998
Class Developea Aleoshin et al. ex Cavalier-Smith 2017 [=Bigyromonadea Cavalier-Smith 1997 ]
Class Pirsonea Cavalier-Smith 2017 [2]
Subphylum Pseudofungi Cavalier-Smith 1986 [=Heterokontimycotina M.W. Dick 1976 ]
Class Hyphochytrea Cavalier-Smith 1986 [=Hyphochytriomycota Whittaker 1969 ]
Class Oomycetes Winter in Rabenhorst 1879 [=Oomycota Arx 1967 ; Peronosporomycetes M.W. Dick 2001 ]
Subphylum Ochrophytina Cavalier-Smith 1995 [=Heterokontophyta van den Hoek et al. 1978 ; Stramenochromes Leipe et al. 1994 ]
Infraphylum Chrysista Cavalier-Smith 1991
Superclass Limnistia Cavalier-Smith 1996 emend. 2006
Superclass Raphidoistia Cavalier-Smith 1986 orth. mut. 2006
Superclass Fucistia Cavalier-Smith 1995
Class Aurophyceae Cavalier-Smith 2013
Subclass Aurearenophycidae Kai Yoshii Nakayama & Inouye 2008 (as Aurearenophyceae)[8] stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 2013 [9]
Subclass Phaeothamniophycidae Andersen & Bailey 1998 (as Phaeothamniophyceae ) stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 2006
Class Chrysomerophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1995
Class Chrysoparadoxophyceae Wetherbee et al. 2019
Class Phaeosacciophyceae R.A.Andersen L.Graf & H.S.Yoon 2020 [6]
Class Schizocladiophyceae Henry Okuda & Kawai 2003
Class Phaeophyceae Kjellman 1891 [=Fucophyceae Warming 1884 ; Melanophyceae Rabenhorst 1863 ]
Class Xanthophyceae Allorge ex Fritsch 1935 [=Tribophyceae Hibberd 1981 ;[11] Luther 1899 ]
Infraphylum Diatomista Derelle et al. ex Cavalier-Smith 2017
Superclass Hypogyrista Cavalier-Smith 1995 stat. nov. 2006
Class Dictyochophyceae Silva 1980 [=Dictyochia Haeckel 1894 ; Alophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2006 ]
Subclass Pedinellia Cavalier-Smith 1986 stat. nov. 2017 [=Actinochrysophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1995 ; Axodines]
Subclass Pelagophycidae Andersen & Saunders 1993 (as Pelagophyceae ) ex Cavalier-Smith 2006
?Subclass Sulcophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 – ?Sulcochrysis [a]
Class Pinguiophyceae Kawachi et al. 2002
Superclass Khakista Cavalier-Smith 2000 stat. nov. 2017
Class Bolidophyceae
Class Diatomeae [=Bacillariophyceae]
Subclass Corethrophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
Subclass Rhizosoleniophycidae Round & Crawford 1990
Subclass Eucentricophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2000
Subclass Bacillariophycidae [=Pennatia Pennatia Schütt 1896 ; =Pennatophycidae]
Ochrophytina incertae sedis
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