HMS Monarch in the lead, forcing the Passage of the Sound, 30 March 1801, prior to the Battle of Copenhagen
History
Great Britain
Name	HMS Monarch
Ordered	22 November 1760
Builder	Deptford Dockyard
Launched	20 July 1765
Fate	Broken up, 1813
Notes	Participated in: First Battle of Ushant Battle of Cape St Vincent Battle of the Chesapeake Capture of Sint Eustatius Battle of St. Kitts Battle of the Saintes Battle of the Mona Passage Battle of Muizenberg Battle of Camperdown Battle of Copenhagen
General characteristics [1]
Class and type	Ramillies-class ship of the line
Tons burthen	1612 bm
Length	168 ft 6 in (51.36 m) (gundeck)
Beam	46 ft 9 in (14.25 m)
Depth of hold	19 ft 9 in (6.02 m)
Propulsion	Sails
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Armament	74 guns: Gundeck: 28 × 32 pdrs Upper gundeck: 28 × 18 pdrs Quarterdeck: 14 × 9 pdrs Forecastle: 4 × 9 pdrs

HMS Monarch was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Adam Hayes and launched on 20 July 1765 at Deptford Dockyard.^[1]

Service history

This huge ship had a complement of 550 men as crew, and had many distinguished commanders.

Monarch had a very active career, fighting in her first battle in 1778 at the First Battle of Ushant and her second under Admiral Rodney at Cape St. Vincent in 1780. She fought in the van of Graves' fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781 under Admiral Francis Reynolds. In early 1782 she was actively engaged at the Capture of Sint Eustatius, Action of 4 February 1781, the Battle of Saint Kitts, the Battle of the Saintes and, the Battle of the Mona Passage.

Monarch was at Plymouth on 20 January 1795 and so shared in the proceeds of the detention of the Dutch naval vessels, East Indiamen, and other merchant vessels that were in port on the outbreak of war between Britain and the Netherlands.^[2]

Later in 1795 she was part of the small fleet under Admiral George Elphinstone that captured the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch East India Company at the Battle of Muizenberg.

In 1797 Monarch was Vice Admiral Richard Onslow's flagship at the Battle of Camperdown, under Captain Edward O'Bryen

In 1801 Monarch was part of Admiral Nelson's fleet at the Battle of Copenhagen, where her captain, James Robert Mosse was killed early in the action and replaced by Lieutenant John Yelland, the next highest ranking officer. Monarch suffered over 200 casualties including 55 dead, the highest number of casualties of any ship engaged in the battle.^[3]

In 1807, Monarch helped escort the Portuguese royal family in its flight from Portugal to Brazil.

Monarch was broken up in 1813.^[1]