Haikou
海口話
Pronunciation[hai˨˩˧ xau˨˩˧ ue˨˧]
Native toSouthern China
RegionHaikou, Hainan
Early forms
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologhain1237
Linguasphere79-AAA-ked
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The Haikou dialect is a topolect of Chinese and a subvariety of Hainanese spoken in Haikou, the capital of the Hainan province and island of China.

Phonology

The Haikou dialect has the following initials:[4]

Labial Dental Sibilant Velar Glottal
Stop / Affricate voiceless t ts k ʔ
voiced implosive ɓ ɗ
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative voiceless f s x h
voiced v z
Lateral l

The finals are:[5]

Vocalic codas Nasal codas Stop codas
a ai au am aŋ ap ak
ia iau iam iaŋ iap iak
ua uai uaŋ uak
ɛ e eŋ ek
ue
o ɔi ɔu ɔm ɔŋ ɔp ɔk
io iɔŋ iɔk
i iu im in ip it
u ui un oŋ uk ok

There are also two syllabic nasals, /m̩/ and /ŋ̍/.[5]

The tone categories (described using Chao tone letters) are:[5][6]

level rising departing entering
upper 24 213 35 5
lower 21 33 3
55ʔ

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]

References

  1. ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
  2. ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
  3. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  4. ^ Chen (1996), p. 4.
  5. ^ a b c Chen (1996), p. 5.
  6. ^ Yan (2006), p. 142.

Sources

Categories