You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((short description| Stratification of a body of water due to salinity differences ))
((More citations needed|date=February 2009))
((aquatic layer topics))

In [[oceanography]], a '''halocline''' (from Greek ''hals'', ''halos'' 'salt' and ''klinein'' 'to slope') is a [[Cline (hydrology)|cline]], a subtype of [[chemocline]] caused by a strong, vertical [[salinity]] [[gradient]] within a body of [[water]].<ref name="caves" />  Because salinity (in concert with [[temperature]]) affects the [[density]] of [[seawater]], it can play a role in its vertical [[stratification (water)|stratification]].  Increasing salinity by one kg/m<sup>3</sup> results in an increase of seawater density of around 0.7&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup>.

== Description ==
[[File:Halocline cenote Chac Mool.jpg|thumb|Halocline visible at the cenote Chac Mool, [[Mexico]]. The freshwater lies above the denser saltwater. In this photo, the visible water distortion from the halocline can be seen below the diver.]]
In the midlatitudes, an excess of evaporation over precipitation leads to surface waters being saltier than deep waters. In such regions, the vertical stratification is due to surface waters being warmer than deep waters and the halocline is destabilizing. Such regions may be prone to [[salt fingering]], a process which results in the preferential mixing of salinity.

In certain high latitude regions (such as the [[Arctic Ocean]], [[Bering Sea]], and the [[Southern Ocean]]) the surface waters are actually colder than the deep waters and the halocline is responsible for maintaining water column stability, isolating the surface waters from the deep waters. In these regions, the halocline is important in allowing for the formation of sea ice, and limiting the escape of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

Haloclines are also found in [[fjord]]s, and poorly mixed [[Estuary|estuaries]] where fresh water is deposited at the ocean surface.<ref name="chalmers">((cite web |last1=Svensson |first1=Torbjörn |title=Water Exchange and Mixing in Fjords |url=http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/167235/167235.pdf |website=www.chalmers.se |publisher=[[Chalmers University of Technology]] |date=6 February 1981|page=159|access-date=13 July 2020))</ref>

A halocline can be easily created and observed in a drinking glass or other clear vessel.  If fresh water is slowly poured over a quantity of salt water, using a spoon held horizontally at water-level to prevent mixing, a hazy interface layer, the halocline, will soon be visible due to the varying [[index of refraction]] across the boundary.

A halocline is most commonly confused with a [[thermocline]] – a thermocline is an area within a body of water that marks a drastic change in temperature. A halocline can coincide with a thermocline and form a [[pycnocline]].<ref name="ocean">((cite book |last1=Garrison |first1=Tom |title=Enhanced Essentials of Oceanography |date=2006 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=0-495-11372-7 |page=115 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tFEkwAxLSu4C))</ref>

Haloclines are common in water-filled [[limestone]] caves near the ocean. Less dense fresh water from the land forms a layer over salt water from the ocean.<ref name="caves">((cite book |last1=White |first1=William B |last2=Culver |first2=David C |title=Encyclopedia of Caves |date=2012 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-383832-2 |page=157 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alDky3N0CmkC))</ref> For underwater cave explorers, this can cause the optical illusion of air space in caverns. Passing through the halocline tends to stir up the layers.

=== Graph ===
[[File:Arctic sea temperature salinity plot.svg|thumb|left|Plot of temperature and salinity in the Arctic Ocean at 85,18 north and 117,28 east dated Jan. 1st 2010.<ref name="gtsppdata">((cite web|title=U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center: Global Temperature–Salinity Profile Programme. June 2006. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanographic Data Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910.|date= 25 November 2020|url= http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/GTSPP/))</ref>]]

In the graphical representation, three layers can be discerned:
* About ((cvt|50|m|)) of low salinity water "swimming" on top of the ocean. The temperature is ((cvt|-1.8|°C|)), which is very near to the freezing point. This layer blocks heat transfer from the warmer, deeper levels into the sea ice, which has considerable effect on its thickness.
* About ((cvt|150|m|)) of steeply rising salinity and increasing temperature. This is the actual halocline.
* The deep layer with nearly constant salinity and slowly decreasing temperature.<ref name="gtsppdata" />
((clear))

== Other types of clines ==
* [[Thermocline]] – A cline based on difference in water [[temperature]],
* [[Chemocline]] – A cline based on difference in water [[chemistry]],
* [[Pycnocline]] – A cline based on difference in water [[density]].

== See also ==
((portal|Underwater diving))
* ((annotated link|Hypersaline lake))
* ((annotated link|Isopycnal))
* ((annotated link|Osmotic power))
* ((annotated link|Thermohaline circulation))
*[[Thin layers (oceanography)]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

((Underwater diving|scidiv))
((authority control))

[[Category:Aquatic ecology]]
[[Category:Physical oceanography]]
[[Category:Saline water]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Halocline (edit)
Hypersaline lake (edit)
Isopycnal (edit)
Osmotic power (edit)
Thermohaline circulation (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Annotated link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Aquatic layer topics (edit)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Clear (view source) (protected)
Template:Cvt (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Greater color contrast ratio (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Legend/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Legend inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox with collapsible groups (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Underwater diving (view source) (semi-protected)
Module:Annotated link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Color contrast (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Color contrast/colors (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:GetShortDescription (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox with collapsible groups (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Portal (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/images/u (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Portal/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Halocline.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halocline"