Born in Berlin, Strelow volunteered for military service in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany in 1939. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) in 1941 and participated in Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. He claimed his first aerial victory on 25 June 1941. In February 1942, Strelow was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of JG 51. Following his 52nd aerial victory, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 18 March 1942. Six days and 14 aerial victories later, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves making him the youngest recipient of the Oak Leaves. Following a forced landing behind enemy lines, Strelow committed suicide on 22 May 1942 to avoid capture by Soviet forces.
Early life and career
Strelow was born on 26 March 1922 in Berlin of the Weimar Republic, the son of a teacher at a Volksschule. Following graduation from school, he joined the military service of the Luftwaffe in 1939. Following flight training as a fighter pilot,[Note 1] he was posted to the 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing), a squadron of II. Gruppe (2nd group) of JG 51, in 1941 holding the rank of Leutnant (second lieutenant).[2] At the time, II. Gruppe was commanded by HauptmannJosef Fözö,[3] and 5. Staffel was headed by OberleutnantHans Kolbow.[4]
World War II
World War II in Europe had begun on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. In early June 1941, II. Gruppe of JG 51 was withdrawn from the English Channel and ordered to Dortmund where the unit was reequipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 F series. On 10 June, II. Gruppe began transferring east and was located at Siedlce. On 22 June, German forces launched Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union.[5] JG 51, under the command of OberstleutnantWerner Mölders, was subordinated to II. Fliegerkorps (2nd Air Corps), which as part of Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2). JG 51 area of operation during Operation Barbarossa was over the right flank of Army Group Center in the combat area of the 2nd Panzer Group as well as the 4th Army.[6]
Operation Barbarossa
On 23 June, II. Gruppe followed the German advance and relocated 100 kilometers (62 miles) east to an airfield at Terespol on the Bug. Two days later, the Gruppe claimed 28 Tupolev SB-2 bombers shot down, including Strelow's first aerial victory claimed northeast of Vyhanaščanskaje Lake. The German advance required the Gruppe to relocate approximately 220 kilometers (140 miles) east to an airfield at Nowo-Hutkowo near Slutsk on 28 June.[7] Two days later, II. Gruppe engaged in aerial combat near Babruysk where Strelow claimed his second aerial victory when he shot down a Ilyushin DB-3 bomber.[8] For these victories, Strelow received the Iron Cross 2nd Class (Eisernes Kreuz 2. Klasse) on 5 July.[2] The German advance reached the Dnieper on 9 July.[9]
Map indicating Operation Barbarossa's attack plan
German forces breached the Stalin Line and II. Gruppe was moved to an airfield at Stara Bychow, approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) south of Mogilev on the Dnieper on 12 July. Operating from this airfield on 16 July, Strelow claimed a Vultee V-11 attack aircraft which was an Ilyushin Il-2 attack aircraft.[10] That day, 5. Staffel commanding officer Kolbow was killed in action and was replaced by Leutnant Hans-Joachim Steffens. Steffens was killed in action on 30 July and command of 5. Staffel was then given to OberleutnantHartmann Grasser.[11] Following further relocations, II. Gruppe reached an airfield at Schatalowka, present-day Shatalovo air base, 40 kilometers (25 miles) southeast of Smolensk, on 17 August.[11] The Gruppe claimed eleven aerial victories on 30 August, including three by Strelow who shot down two Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers an I-18 fighter, an early German designation for a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1 fighter.[12] On 23 August, elements of II. Gruppe also operated from an airfield near Gomel.[4] On 6 September, Strelow claimed another I-18 fighter followed by an I-61 fighter, an early German designation for a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 fighter, the following day near Konotop.[13] On 10 September, the Gruppe relocated again and moved to Novhorod-Siverskyi situated on the bank of the Desna River. On 13 September, Strelow claimed DB-3 bomber followed by a Pe-2 bomber east of Konotop the next day, taking his total to eleven aerial victories claimed.[14] For this, Strelow received the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz 1. Klasse) on 14 September.[2]
The Gruppe relocated to Sechtschinskaja, approximately 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Roslavl, on 23 September from where the unit flew missions in the combat area east of Konotop. That day, Strelow claimed an I-18 fighter shot down.[14] On 4 October during the Battle of Moscow, II. Gruppe moved to Sevsk for four days. Here Strelow claimed three aerial victories over DB-3 bombers on 5 October.[15] On 11 October, the Gruppe was briefly detached from the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) of JG 51 and ordered east to Oryol. There, the Gruppe was subordinated to Gefechtsverband Schönborn (Detachment Schönborn), named after the commander of Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 (StG 77—77th Diver Bomber Wing), MajorClemens Graf von Schönborn-Wiesentheid.[16] Strelow was awarded the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 24 November.[2] Two days later, II. Gruppe relocated to an airfield at Kaluga, ending the assignment to Gefechtsverband Schönborn. Operating from Kaluga, Strelow claimed a Pe-2 bomber shot down on 5 December northwest of Kashira.[17]
On 30 December, II. Gruppe moved to the Bryansk Airfield where the aircraft were serviced in hangars and the pilots had shelters.[18] From Bryansk, II. Gruppe supported the 2nd Panzer Group as well as the 4th Army in the combat area southwest of Moscow. Here, Strelow claimed his first aerial victories in 1942 on 4 January when he shot down two I-61 fighters. On 13 January, II. Gruppe claimed thirteen aerial victories including two Polikarpov R-Z reconnaissance bomber aircraft by Strelow.[19] On 27 January, Strelow was credited with the destruction of an I-26 fighter, an early German designation for a Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter.[20]
Squadron leader and death
On 1 February 1942, Strelow was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel of JG 51. He succeeded Oberleutnant Horst Geyer who had temporarily led the Staffel after its former commander, Grasser had taken command of II. Gruppe of JG 51.[21] Strelow was credited with his first aerial victories as Staffelkapitän on 4 February when he claimed four aerial victories on two separate combat missions, the first in the area of Yukhnov, and the second near Kaluga. Strelow claimed his 40th aerial victory on 28 February, a Pe-2 bomber shot down east of Bryansk.[22]
On 18 March, Strelow was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) for 52 aerial victories.[23] That day, he became an "ace-in-a-day", claiming seven aerial victories.[24] Six days and 14 aerial victories later, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 24 March for 66 aerial victories. He was the 84th and youngest member of the German armed forces to be so honored. The award was presented by Adolf Hitler at the Führerhauptquartier (Führer Headquarters) at Rastenburg on 26 March 1942.[2] On 30 March, the Luftwaffenpersonalamt (staff department) of the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (Ministry of Aviation) deferred a preferential promotion to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on account of his young age.[25] Following the award presentation, Strelow went on home leave.[26]
Following his return to his unit, II. Gruppe was still based at Bryansk but periodically also operated from airfields at Oryol and Dugino.[27] On 18 May, Strelow claimed his 67th aerial victory when he shot down a MiG-3 fighter.[28] Four days later, Strelow committed suicide after he was shot down by a Pe-2 twin-engine bomber in his Bf 109 F-2 "Black 10" (Werknummer 8239—factory number). He had made a forced landing 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) behind Soviet lines near Mtsensk and killed himself to avoid capture by the Red Army.[29][30][31] He was succeeded by OberleutnantKarl-Heinz Schnell as commander of 5. Staffel.[32]
Summary of career
Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Strelow was credited with 68 aerial victories.[33] Obermaier lists him with 68 aerial victories claimed in over 200 combat missions.[34] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found documentation for 68 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front.[35]
Chronicle of aerial victories
This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Strelow an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day. This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim
Date
Time
Type
Location
Claim
Date
Time
Type
Location
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[36] Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 5 December 1941
Knight's Cross on 18 March 1942 as Leutnant and Staffelführer of the 5./Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"[49][50]
84th Oak Leaves on 24 March 1942 as Leutnant and pilot in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders"[49][51]
Notes
^Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[1]
^ abAccording to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft.[36]
Aders, Gebhard; Held, Werner (1993). Jagdgeschwader 51 'Mölders' Eine Chronik – Berichte – Erlebnisse – Dokumente [Fighter Wing 51 'Mölders' A Chronicle - Reports - Experiences - Documents] (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN978-3-613-01045-1.
Bergström, Christer[in Swedish]; Mikhailov, Andrey (2001). Black Cross / Red Star Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume II, Resurgence January–June 1942. Pacifica, California: Pacifica Military History. ISBN978-0-935553-51-2.
Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer[in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN978-3-7909-0284-6.
Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 4 S–Z. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN978-1-906592-21-9.
Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN978-3-87341-065-7.
Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN978-3-931533-08-3.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-69-4.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-76-2.
Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN978-3-923457-77-9.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN978-3-938845-17-2.
Stockert, Peter (2012) [1996]. Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1] (in German) (4th ed.). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. ISBN978-3-9802222-7-3.
Thomas, Franz (1998). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN978-3-7648-2300-9.
Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 2, 1. Januar 1942 bis 31. Dezember 1943 [The Wehrmacht Reports 1939–1945 Volume 2, 1 January 1942 to 31 December 1943] (in German). München, Germany: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. 1985. ISBN978-3-423-05944-2.
Nazi Germany
Luftwaffe
