12th Brigade
Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
Arabic: حركة حزب الله النجباء
LeadersAkram al-Kaabi[1]
SpokespersonNasr al-Shammari[2]
Dates of operation2013–present
Allegiance Iran (IRGC)[3]
 Iraq (2014–present)[4]
Group(s)See section
Active regionsIraq
Gaza Strip (charity work)[5]
Syrian Civil War
Aleppo
East Ghouta, Damascus[6]
Latakia[7]
Al-Ghab Plain, Hama[8]
IdeologyShia Islamism
Vilayat-e Faqih[9]
Khomeinism[10]
Anti-West[11]
Anti-Zionism
Anti-Americanism
Size8,000-10,000 (2017)
Part of Popular Mobilization Forces[9][12]
Islamic Resistance in Iraq
4th Armoured Division (in Syria)[13]
AlliesState allies

Non-state allies

OpponentsState opponents
Non-state opponents
Battles and warsIraqi insurgency (2003–11) (as Asaib Ahl al-Haq)

War in Iraq (2014–2017)

Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria
Designated as a terrorist group by United States[31]
WebsiteOfficial website
Preceded by
Asaib Ahl al-Haq

Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba (The Nujaba Movement or HHN; Arabic: حركة حزب الله النجباء, romanized: Ḥaraka Ḥizballāh an-Nujabā’, lit. 'Movement of the Party of God's Nobles'), officially the 12th Brigade, is a radical Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitary group that is especially active in Syria and Iraq. It was established in 2013 by Akram al-Kaabi to support Bashar al-Assad in Syria against Islamist rebels. The group is supported by the IRGC's Quds Force, which provides the funding, weapons, and training of its members.[32]

The militia is also supported by the Lebanese Hezbollah and acts as part of the Axis of Resistance. It is a part of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), a group of Shi’ite militias that are close to Iran, until 2020 when it joined the Islamic Resistance in Iraq.[33] The Nujaba Movement adopts the ideology of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and regards Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei as its supreme leader.[32] A January 2024 report in The Hill indicates that it is still part of the PMF.[34] The group seeks to establish an Iran-aligned government in Iraq, expel U.S. and allied forces from the country, and advance Iranian interests throughout the Middle East.

HHN militia fighters in Iraq are deployed mainly in southern Iraq and in the provinces of Baghdad, Salah ad Din, Diyala, and Nineveh. The militia fighters in Syria are deployed mainly in the provinces of Deir ez-Zor and Raqqa, where they have established positions, headquarters, training camps, and recruitment offices to recruit Syrian residents.[35]

HHN has a TV channel named Al-Nujaba TV, which is based in Baghdad, Iraq.[36]

In March 2019, the U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo designated Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba (and all its aliases and component parts) and its leader Akram al-Kaabi Specially Designated Global Terrorists (SDGT).[37][38] The sanctions prohibits business with the militia and its leader and freezes all property in their possession.[39]

Flags

Flags of Harakat al-Nujaba

History

HHN emerged in 2013 as an offshoot of the Iraqi paramilitary Asaib Ahl al-Haq (AAH) and is led by AAH co-founder Akram al-Kaabi. al-Kaabi said that he formed the militia after a period of militant inactivity in the Syrian Civil War. He denies it emerged from a "split" with AAH, but that he chose not to unify with them due to disagreements.[9]

The two groups still share close affinity, often simultaneously commemorating martyrs.[42] They have released a nasheed praising Iranian Quds Force commander Qasem Suleimani.[1] Both groups follow the Iranian government's ideology, and al-Kaabi has stated that he would overthrow the Iraqi government or fight alongside the Yemeni Houthis if ordered by Grand Ayatollah Khamenei.[12]

HHN was one of the first Iraqi paramilitaries to send fighters to Syria, where it has been active since its formation in 2013. It has had an increasing role in Syria after a significant boost to recruitment efforts took place in 2015.[42] It was a major participant in the 2015 South Aleppo offensive[43] and the breaking of the siege of the Shia towns Nubl and Zahraa.[44]

In December 2014, ABNA.ir published photos of Iranian-built Yasir UAV (an unlicensed copy of the American ScanEagle) claimed in use with HHN.[45]

In April 2015, al-Kaabi said HHN had suffered 126 casualties, including 38 in Syria.[1]

On 1 January 2019, al-Kaabi said that the IRGC and Lebanese Hezbollah helped the militant Shi'ite forces of the Mahdi Army that were fighting the U.S. forces in 2004. He said that in the 2004 Battle of Najaf, IRGC and Hezbollah officers were present on the ground and helped during the battle, in which 13 US servicemen were killed and over 100 wounded.[46]

In November 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq launched missiles on various Israel targets, including in the Red Sea city of Eilat.[47]

On 3 December 2023, five members of Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba were killed in U.S. airstrikes near Kirkuk as they were preparing to launch a drone against American forces.[48][49]

On 4 January 2024, a targeted drone strike by the U.S. military in Baghdad killed the region's deputy commander of operations, Mushtaq Talib Al-Saeedi, or Abu Taqwa. Other casualties sustained included 3 additional individuals and 6 wounded.[50][51]

Divisions

HHN comprises four brigades:[52][53]

See also

References

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  7. ^ Stahlgewitter Syrien 2 (11 November 2015). "Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba: Operation in Latakia (2015)". Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016 – via YouTube.((cite web)): CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ قناة النجباء الفضائية (1 September 2015). "المقاومة الاسلامية حركة النجباء معارك تحرير سهل الغاب / سوريا". Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2016 – via YouTube.
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External links

Popular Mobilization Forces
Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict
Syrian civil war
Militant Islamism
Categories