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((Short description|German general))
((more citations needed|date=March 2017))((Infobox military person
|name=Heinrich Eberbach
|birth_date=((Birth date|1895|11|24|df=y))
|death_date=((death date and age|1992|7|13|1895|11|24|df=y))
|birth_place=[[Stuttgart]], [[Kingdom of Württemberg]], [[German Empire]]
|death_place=[[Notzingen]], [[Germany]]
|image=Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-096-08, Heinrich Eberbach.jpg
|caption=Eberbach in 1941
|nickname=
|allegiance=((flag|German Empire))<br/>((flag|Weimar Republic))<br/>((flag|Nazi Germany))
|branch=[[German Army (Wehrmacht)|Army]]
|serviceyears=1914–20 <br> 1935–45
|rank=[[File:General (Wehrmacht) 1.svg|30px]] [[General der Panzertruppe]]
|commands=[[4th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|4th Panzer Division]]<br/>[[5th Panzer Army]]<br/>[[7th Army (Wehrmacht)|7th Army]]
|unit=
|battles=
[[World War I]]
----
[[World War II]]
*[[Battle of Moscow]]
*[[Falaise Pocket]]
|awards=[[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]]
|laterwork=))

'''Heinrich Eberbach''' (24 November 1895 – 13 July 1992) was a German general during [[World War II]] who commanded the [[5th Panzer Army]] during the [[Allied invasion of Normandy]]. He was a recipient of the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] of [[Nazi Germany]].

==World War I and interwar years==
Heinrich Eberbach was born on 24 November 1895 in [[Stuttgart]], in the [[German Empire]]. Eberbach graduated with his ''[[Abitur]]'' ([[University-preparatory school|university-preparatory high school diploma]]) on 30 June 1914. On 1 July 1914, Eberbach joined the [[Army of Württemberg]].((sfn|Stockert|1996|p=232)) With the outbreak of [[World War I]], Eberbach's unit was deployed on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].((sfn|Wegmann|2004|p=339)) On 16 October 1914, Eberbach was wounded in his [[thigh]] by artillery shrapnel.((sfn|Wegmann|2004|p=337)) In September 1915, Eberbach was severely wounded, losing part of his nose, and was taken [[prisoner of war]] by French forces.((sfn|Wegmann|2004|p=337)) During the 1920s Eberbach was a police officer; in 1935 he joined the [[Wehrmacht]]. In 1938 Eberbach became commander of a Panzer regiment, in the newly formed [[German 4th Panzer Division|4th Panzer Division]] under General [[Georg-Hans Reinhardt]].

==World War II==
Eberbach participated in the German [[Invasion of Poland]] in September 1939 and then in 1940 in the [[Battle of France]]. His unit supported General [[Hasso von Manteuffel]]'s offensive across the [[Meuse River]] in May. Shortly after the start of [[Operation Barbarossa|Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union]] in June 1941, he was assigned as commander of the 5th Panzer Brigade in [[Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg]]'s XXIV Panzer Corps.

During the [[Battle of Moscow]], Eberbach spearheaded [[Panzer Group 2]]'s offensive towards Moscow as the commander of a combined-arms ''[[kampfgruppe]]'' within the [[4th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|4th Panzer Division]].((sfn|Zetterling|Frankson|2012|p=50)) The attack began on September 30 and in only two days of fighting Kampfgruppe Eberbach had achieved a clean breakthrough, advanced over 120 kilometers, and put the entire Soviet [[Bryansk Front]] in a disastrous position while suffering negligible losses of its own.((sfn|Zetterling|Frankson|2012|pp=50-54)) Eberbach demonstrated his flexibility as a troop leader by detaching two battalions to assist the [[3rd Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|3rd Panzer Division]]'s efforts in the same area of operations near [[Bryansk]], despite serving under a different division.((sfn|Zetterling|Frankson|2012|p=53)) Soviet air attacks and a fuel shortage early on 2 October failed to prevent the kampfgruppe's aggressive combat leaders from advancing on the city of [[Oryol|Orel]], ending the Soviet industrial relocation efforts there and capturing a key communications hub of the Bryansk Front, on 3 October.((sfn|Zetterling|Frankson|2012|p=54)) Kampfgruppe Eberbach's losses had been light: 6 tanks knocked out, 34 men killed and 121 wounded. This was a small price to pay for the complete rupturing of the Soviet lines and the capture of a city of such strategic value. 4th Panzer division had also captured 1,600 Soviet troops, mostly Kampfgruppe Eberbach's work.((sfn|Zetterling|Frankson|2012|pp=67-70))

<!---[[File:Heinrich Eberbach uniform.jpg|thumb|left|Heinrich Eberbach's uniform ([[Deutsches Panzermuseum]] Munster)]]--->
In March 1942 he was made commander of the 4th Panzer Division, in the German lines opposite the Russian town of [[Sukhinichi]], roughly 120 miles west of [[Tula, Russia|Tula]]. In late November 1942 Eberbach was appointed commander of the [[XLVIII Panzer Corps (Germany)|XLVIII Panzer Corps]] that had just been overrun in the initial days of [[Operation Uranus]], near the midpoint of the [[Battle of Stalingrad]]. Eberbach was soon wounded and evacuated, remaining hospitalized until February. He then became Inspector of the Armored Troops in the Home Army, was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] and promoted to lieutenant general.

In November 1943, Eberbach became commander of troops around [[Nikopol, Ukraine|Nikopol]] and fought in battles around [[Zhytomyr|Zhitomir]] in the [[Soviet Union]]. In early 1944 Eberbach was promoted to the rank of [[General der Panzertruppe]]. During the [[Allied invasion of Normandy]], he fought against the British landings along the 'Juno' and 'Sword' beaches. On 4 July he took command of "Panzer Group West" (later, [[5th Panzer Army]]) after [[Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg]] was relieved (two days before). On 9 August, this force was divided, with 5th Panzer Army retreating with the most damaged units; the effective units were reorganized as Panzergruppe Eberbach.

Eberbach was directed to lead this force in the counterattack through [[Mortain]] toward [[Avranches]] that was intended to cut off the Allied forces which had broken out of Normandy. According to Eberbach's post-war memoirs, he had no confidence in the attack. When General [[Walter Warlimont|Warlimont]] of OKW arrived at his HQ on 1 August to "get a closer look at the situation", Eberbach told him that "the only possible solution was an immediate retreat to the Seine-Yonne line."((sfn|Eberbach|1945–1954|pp=9–10)) However, Warlimont denied Eberbach's request to withdraw, and instead confirmed the order to attack.

The attack failed, and most of Panzergruppe Eberbach and [[7th Army (Wehrmacht)|7th Army]] was surrounded and destroyed in the [[Falaise Pocket]]. Eberbach escaped and was given command of the remnants of 7th Army on 21 August. On 31 August Eberbach was surprised in his bed and captured by British troops at [[Amiens]].<ref>Arnhem, Antony Beevor, p3</ref>He was later presented to Lieutenant General Brian Horrocks. 

==Post World War II==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2005-0131, Trent Park Camp.jpg|thumb|right|At [[Trent Park]] POW camp]]
Eberbach was held in a [[prisoner-of-war]] camp until 1948. He participated in the work of the U.S. Army Historical Division, where, under the guidance of [[Franz Halder]], German generals wrote World War II operational studies for the U.S. Army, first as POWs and then as employees.((sfn|Kienle|2005)) Eberbach was the father of the naval officer Heinz-Eugen Eberbach, commander of ((GS|U-967||2)) and ((GS|U-230||2)) during World War II.((sfn|Mitcham|2009|p=181))

==Works==
* ((Cite book
  |last=Eberbach
  |first=Heinrich
  |year=1945–1954
  |title=Panzer Group Eberbach and the Falaise Encirclement
  |location=Karlsruhe, Germany
  |publisher=Historical Division, Headquarters United States Army, Europe, Foreign Military Studies Branch
  |oclc=33089881
  ))

==Awards==
* [[Iron Cross]] (1914) 2nd Class (12 October 1914) & 1st Class (10 November 1917)((sfn|Wegmann|2004|p=340))
* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]]
** Knight's Cross on 4 July 1940 as ''[[Oberstleutnant]]'' and commander of Panzer-Regiment 35((sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=285))
** Oak Leaves on 31 December 1941 as ''[[Oberst]]'' and commander of the 5. Panzer-Brigade((sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=285))

==References==

===Citations===
((Reflist|25em))

===Bibliography===
((Refbegin))
* ((Cite web
 |last=Kienle 
 |first=Polly 
 |date=2005 
 |title=Still Fighting for the Myth: German Wehrmacht Officers' Reports for the U.S. Historical Division 
 |url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=10716 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131232026/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=10716 
 |publisher=H-net.com 
 |archive-date=31 January 2016
 |url-status=dead 
))
* ((Cite book
  |last=Mitcham
  |first=Samuel W.
  |year=2009
  |title=Panzers in Normandy: General Hans Eberbach and the German Defense of France, 1944
  |location=Mechanicsburg, Pa.
  |publisher=Stackpole Books
  |isbn=978-0-8117-4447-8
  ))
* ((Cite book
  |last=Scherzer
  |first=Veit
  |year=2007
  |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 
  |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 
  |language=German
  |location=Jena, Germany
  |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag
  |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2
  ))
* ((Cite book
  |last=Searle
  |first=Alaric
  |year=2003
  |title=Wehrmacht Generals, West German Society, and the Debate on Rearmament, 1949–1959
  |location=Westport, CT
  |publisher=[[Praeger Publishers]]
  |isbn=978-0-275-97968-3
))
* ((Cite book
  |last=Stockert
  |first=Peter
  |year=1996
  |title=Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1
  |trans-title=The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1
  |language=German
  |location=Bad Friedrichshall, Germany
  |publisher=Friedrichshaller Rundblick
  |isbn=978-3-9802222-7-3
  ))
* ((Cite book
  |last=Wegmann
  |first=Günter
  |year=2004
  |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Deutschen Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Teil VIIIa: Panzertruppe Band 1: A–E
  |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the German Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Part VIIIa: Panzer Force Volume 1: A–E
  |language=German
  |location=Bissendorf, Germany
  |publisher=Biblio-Verlag
  |isbn=978-3-7648-2322-1
  ))
*((Cite book |last1=Zetterling |first1=Niklas |last2=Frankson |first2=Anders|title=The Drive on Moscow, 1941: Operation Taifun and Germany's First Great Crisis of World War II |year=2012 |publisher=Casemate Publishers |location=[[Havertown]]|isbn=978-1-61200-120-3 ))
((Refend))

==External links==
* ((Cite journal
  |journal=[[Der Spiegel]]
  |issue=38
  |year=1978
  |title=Rommel: Ende einer Legende
  |trans-title=Rommel: The End of a Legend
  |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-40607128.html
  |language=German
  |issn=0038-7452
  |access-date=30 May 2016
))
* ((Cite journal
  |journal=[[Der Spiegel]]
  |issue=44
  |year=2012
  |title=Die Kraft des Bösen
  |trans-title=The Power of Evil
  |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-89343538.html
  |language=German
  |issn=0038-7452
  |access-date=30 May 2016
))

((s-start))
((s-mil))
((succession box|
before=General der Panzertruppe [[Willibald Freiherr von Langermann und Erlencamp]]|
after=Generalleutnant [[Otto Heidkämper]]|
title= Commander of [[4th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|4. Panzer-Division]]|
years=6 January 1942 – 2 March 1942
))
((succession box|
before=Generalleutnant [[Otto Heidkämper]]|
after=Generalleutnant [[Erich Schneider]]|
title= Commander of [[4th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|4. Panzer-Division]]|
years=4 April 1942 – 14 November 1942
))
((succession box|
before=General der Panzertruppe [[Hans Cramer]]|
after=General der Panzertruppe [[Otto von Knobelsdorff]]|
title= Commander of [[XLVIII Panzer Corps (Germany)|XLVIII Panzer Corps]]|
years=26 November 1942 – 30 November 1942
))
((succession box|
before=General der Infanterie [[Dietrich von Choltitz]]|
after=General der Panzertruppe [[Hermann Balck]]|
title= Commander of [[XLVIII Panzer Corps (Germany)|XLVIII Panzer Corps]]|
years=22 October 1943 – 14 November 1943
))
((succession box|
before= Waffen SS General [[Paul Hausser]]|
after= General [[Erich Brandenberger]]|
title= Commander of [[7th Army (Wehrmacht)|7. Armee]]|
years=21 August 1944 – 30 August 1944
))
((s-end))

((Subject bar
| portal1=Biography
| commons=y
))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Eberbach, Heinrich))
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1992 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Stuttgart]]
[[Category:People from the Kingdom of Württemberg]]
[[Category:German prisoners of war in World War I]]
[[Category:Generals of Panzer Troops]]
[[Category:Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]]
[[Category:German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Reichswehr personnel]]
[[Category:German Army personnel of World War I]]

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