You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Refimprove|date=June 2023))
((Infobox officeholder
| name                = Heinrich Sahm
| image               = Heinrich Sahm.jpg
| imagesize           = 
| smallimage          = 
| caption             = Sahm in 1931
| order               = President of the Senate of the [[Free City of Danzig]]
| term_start          = 6 December 1920
| term_end            = 10 January 1931
| predecessor         = ''position established''
| successor           = [[Ernst Ziehm]]
| order2              = [[Mayor of Berlin]]
| term_start2         = 14 April 1931
| term_end2           = 9 December 1935
| predecessor2        = [[Arthur Scholz]]
| successor2          = [[Oskar Maretzky]]
| order3              = German Ambassador to Norway
| term_start3         = 11 May 1936
| term_end3           = 3 October 1939
| predecessor3        = [[Heinrich Rohland]]
| successor3          = [[Curt Bräuer]]
| birth_date          = 12 September 1877
| birth_place         = [[Anklam]], [[Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)|Province of Pomerania]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], [[German Empire]]
| death_date          = ((death date and age|1939|10|3|1877|09|12|df=yes))
| death_place         = [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]
| constituency        = 
| party               = [[Nazi Party]]
| spouse              = Dorothea (Dora)
| children            = 
| profession          = [[Lawyer]], [[Politician]], and [[Diplomat]]
| religion            = 
| signature           = 
| footnotes           = 
))
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12970, Heinrich Sahm.jpg|thumb|Heinrich Sahm, Berlin 1932]]
'''Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Martin Sahm''' (12 September 1877 – 3 October 1939) was a [[Germans|German]] [[lawyer]], [[politician]], and [[diplomat]]. He was the mayor of Danzig (today, [[Gdańsk]]) from 1919 and President of the [[Senate of the Free City of Danzig|Senate]] (head of government and chief of state) of the [[Free City of Danzig]] under [[League of Nations]] mandate from 1920 to 1931. Subsequently, he served as mayor of [[Berlin]] until 1935, and joined the [[Nazi Party]] in 1933. From 1936 until his death, Sahm served as the ambassador of the [[Nazi Germany|German Reich]] to [[Norway]]. 

== Early life ==
Sahm was the younger son of Heinrich Alexander Sahm (1837–1901), a needle maker (manufacturer of needles and pins) and [[Shopkeeper]], and Wilhelmina née Schußmann (1843–1920). His elder brother Johannes (1876–1927) ran a haberdashery shop in his hometown after his parents. Sahm studied law and political science at the [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]], the [[Humboldt University of Berlin]] and the [[University of Greifswald]]. In 1900 he passed the referendary exam in [[Szczecin]], and in 1904 the assessor's exam in [[Berlin]]. He worked in municipal boards in Szczecin and [[Magdeburg]]. In the years 1912-1918 he was the second mayor in [[Bochum]], at the same time in 1915-1918 (by order of the [[Reich Internal Affairs Office|Reich Internal Affairs]]) he was the director of the office of the president of the police in Warsaw. He dealt with the issue of food supply to the population. After 1918 (mainly for lack of food supplies) he was entered by the Polish authorities on the list of war criminals, which was largely a political and propaganda move (deleted by the Polish side from this list in May 1920 under the influence of the High Commissioner of the [[League of Nations]] [[Reginald Tower]] and [[General Commissioner of the Republic of Poland]] in the Free City of Danzig [[Maciej Biesiadecki]] ). In July 1918, he became the chairman of the congress of representatives of [[Germany|German]] and [[Prussia|Prussian]] cities. 

== Political career in Gdańsk ==
After the death of [[Heinrich Scholz]], he was elected [[Mayor of Gdansk]] on 2 February 1919, and after the establishment of the Second Free City of Danzig, he was elected the first president of the Senate, the highest governing and executive body, the equivalent of the [[government]]. While still [[Governing Mayor of Berlin|mayor]], on 24 January 1920, he said goodbye to the German troops of the Gdańsk garrison.

Formally non-partisan, however, he was closer to center-right than left-wing groups. His position was indirectly strengthened by party fragmentation in the [[Volkstag]], the [[Parliament]] of the Free City of Danzig. In 1919 he participated in talks in [[Paris]] on the future status of the Free City of Danzig. He effectively opposed the plans of transporting General [[Józef Haller]]'s army to Poland via Gdańsk, fearing that the Polish side would strengthen its influence in the city. In 1924 he received the honorary doctorate Technische Hochschule Danzig, in 1928 the [[University of Königsberg]] and in the same year honorary membership in the Senate of the University of Tübingen (Tübingen). In this way, his efforts in maintaining the German character of Gdańsk were also appreciated.

In his activities, he primarily had in mind the interests of the Free City of Danzig, which he clearly expressed during a speech in [[Hamburg]] in October 1927, when he demanded that the authorities of the [[Weimar Republic]] conclude a trade treaty with [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]. He was active in contacts with foreign countries, his trips were aimed at both fostering the growth of [[trade]] and emphasizing the distinctiveness of the Free City of Danzig. In 1921 and 1930 he paid visits to [[Warsaw]], in 1929 to [[Moscow]] and [[Kharkiv]], he participated several dozen times in meetings of the [[League of Nations]] in [[Geneva]], where he enjoyed the trust of many diplomats.

Striving to improve the economic situation of the Free City of Danzig, he tried to maintain and even deepen Gdańsk's multiple ties with the German state, he sought to increase the independence of the Free City of Danzig and weaken the position of the Republic of Poland in it. On many occasions he emphasized the German character of Gdańsk. He was, like almost all Gdańsk [[Germans]], a supporter of a peaceful revision of the Polish-German border and the incorporation of the Free City of Danzig area into the German state. He maintained good contacts with the German authorities; one of his chancellors, Hans Luther, was his longtime friend. He also cooperated with the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Auswärtiges Amt) and its representative office in the Free City of Danzig, especially with the [[German Consul General]], [[Edmund Freiherr von Therman]]. However, he was against moves bearing the hallmarks of political adventures.

He enjoyed great prestige among the Germans in Gdańsk and in the 1920s he was the most influential politician in Gdańsk. He was a guarantor of the continuity of the Free City of Danzig political line and the stabilization of the local political scene. He was able to cooperate not only with bourgeois parties, but also with the centre-left Senate. Although on 19 December 1928, he was elected president of the Senate for the third time by the Volkstag, but after the parliamentary elections of 16 November 1930, despite the support of national liberals, he had to resign from his position. His concept of a cross-party president was not accepted by, among others, the [[Nazi Party]], and he did not receive support for his plans to strengthen the president's position from other political parties sitting in the Volkstag. He did not accept the offer to become a senator in the Free City of Danzig. 

== Mayor of Berlin ==
On 14 April 1931, Sahm was elected as ''[[Burgomaster|Oberbürgermeister]]'' of Berlin; he would be the last freely elected mayor until after the end of the [[Second World War]]. On 20 April 1932, he also was made the Berlin [[plenipotentiary]] to the ''[[Reichsrat (Germany)|Reichsrat]]'' where he served until its [[Law on the Abolition of the Reichsrat|abolition]] on 14 February 1934. Following the [[Nazi seizure of power]] in 1933, the administration of Berlin was put into the hands of a Nazi Party functionary, ''Staatskommissar'' (State Commissioner) [[Julius Lippert]].((sfn|Lilla|2005|pp=233–234)) Sahm largely cooperated in the dismissal of [[Jews]] and [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democrats]] from the city administration.<ref>[https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz52351.html#ndbcontent Heinrich Sahm entry] in the [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/home Deutsche Biographie]</ref> He became a founding member of [[Hans Frank]]'s [[Academy for German Law]] on 2 October 1933 and joined the Nazi Party in November of that year. He was named Berlin's representative on the Prussian Provincial Council on 16 October 1934, and was appointed to the [[Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)|Prussian State Council]] by Prussian [[Minister President]] [[Hermann Göring]] in 1935.((sfn|Lilla|2005|pp=233–234)) 

Despite all this, he was still viewed with suspicion by the Party hierarchy. In November 1935, he was brought before the [[Uschla/Supreme Party Court|Supreme Party Court]] on charges that he had made two household purchases from a Jewish-owned department store.((sfn|New York Times, 14 November 1935)) He was found guilty on 25 November and his expulsion from the Party was ordered. Although this action was overturned by express order of [[Adolf Hitler]] on 5 December, Sahm submitted his resignation as ''Oberburgermeister'' on 9 December. On 11 May 1936, he was appointed as the German ambassador to Norway. He died in [[Oslo]] on 3 October 1939.((sfn|Lilla|2005|pp=233–234)) He is buried together with his wife at the Forest Cemetery (Waldfriedhof) in [[Dahlem (Berlin)]] (in 1997 transformed into the Garden-Monument (Gartendenkmal)), there is also a plaque commemorating his son Detlef at the grave.

== Family ==
From 1906 he was married to Dorothea (Dora) (23 June 1883 – 8 February 1964), daughter of [[Heinrich Rolffs]] (1846–1932), a [[Pharmacist]] from [[Weidenau]] ([[North Rhine-Westphalia]]) and [[Szczecin]], and Adela née Tiemann (1850–1932) . He had two daughters and two sons: Marianne (1907–1988), whose husband Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld (born 1902) was executed in 1944 after the assassination attempt on [[Adolf Hitler]]; Gundel, whose husband was a building adviser; Detlef (born 1910), killed in [[Soviet Union|Russia]] in 1941, and Ulrich (13 October 1917 Bochum – 22 August 2005 Bodenwerder), raised in Gdańsk, doctor of law, arrested in 1944 by the [[Gestapo]] after the assassination attempt on Hitler, later a leading West German [[diplomat]], in 1972–1977 ambassador in [[Moscow]], 1977–1979 in [[Ankara]] and until his retirement in 1982 in [[Geneva]].

Some of his memories from Gdańsk were published posthumously by the  Herder Institute in Marburg (''Erinnerungen aus meinen Danziger Jahren 1919-1930'' , Marburg/ Lahn 1958). Due to his height (over 2 m), a floating crane was jokingly named "Long Henry" in his honor, built in 1905, until 1945 functioning in the Gdańsk Schichau Shipyard (now in the museum in [[Museum of Rostock]]).

==References==
((Reflist))

==Sources==
* ((cite news |title=BERLIN MAYOR PUT ON TRIAL BY NAZIS: Party Court Acts on Charge That Sahm Made Purchases From Jewish-Owned Store. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/11/14/archives/berlin-mayor-put-on-trial-by-nazis-party-court-acts-on-charge-that.html?searchResultPosition=1 |work= The New York Times |date=14 November 1935 |page=1 |ref=((sfnRef|New York Times, 14 November 1935)) ))
*((cite book |last=Lilla |first=Joachim |title=Der Prußische Staatsrat 1921–1933: Ein biographisches Handbuch |publisher= Droste Verlag |location= Düsseldorf |year= 2005 |isbn= 978-3-770-05271-4))
*((cite book |editor-last1 = Zentner |editor-first1= Christian |editor-last2 = Bedürftig |editor-first2= Friedemann |year = 1997 |origyear = 1991 |title= [[The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich]] |publisher = Da Capo Press |location = New York |pages= 827–828 |isbn = 978-0-306-80793-0))
* [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz52351.html#ndbcontent Heinrich Sahm entry] in the [https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/home Deutsche Biographie]
* ((PM20|FID=pe/015303))


((Gdańsk))((Mayors of Berlin))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Sahm, Heinrich))
[[Category:1877 births]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century German civil servants]]
[[Category:20th-century German diplomats]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Germany to Norway]]
[[Category:Free City of Danzig politicians]]
[[Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni]]
[[Category:Lawyers in the Nazi Party]]
[[Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni]]
[[Category:Mayors of Berlin]]
[[Category:Mayors of Gdańsk]]
[[Category:Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)]]
[[Category:People from Anklam]]
[[Category:University of Greifswald alumni]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Heinrich Sahm (edit)
Template:20th Century Press Archives (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Both (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite news (view source) (protected)
Template:Count (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Country2nationality (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Death date and age (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Template:En dash range (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find country (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Gdańsk (edit)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:ISO 3166 code (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox officeholder (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox officeholder/office (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Mayors of Berlin (edit)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nbhyph (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nobold/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Non breaking hyphen (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nowrap (view source) (protected)
Template:PAGENAMEBASE (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:PM20 (view source) (extended confirmed protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Refimprove (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Sfn (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SfnRef (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Smallsup (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Strfind short (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Age (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Date (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find country (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/anchor id list/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Footnotes/whitelist (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166/data/National (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Icon/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ParameterCount (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Heinrich Sahm.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Sahm"