Henderson was born in Jefferson City, Tennessee,[2] and moved with her family to Virginia in 1907; when her parents moved to Buchanan County, she and her brother came along as well, though locals advised against it.[5] She was educated at Virginia Intermont College and Westhampton College, and later gained a PhD from Columbia University; there her dissertation was on the subject of educational challenges facing Buchanan County.[1] It was published in 1937 as A curriculum study of a mountain district.[6] She began her teaching career in a one-room schoolhouse, and would go on to head the mission school founded by her mother.[1]
Henderson served as a Democrat[7] in the Virginia House of Delegates for a single two-year term, leaving in 1930. She was one of four women serving in the legislature during her tenure.[8] The other three were Sallie C. Booker, Nancy Melvina Caldwell, and Sarah Lee Fain;[7] Fain had previously served alongside her mother.[9] Though some sources[2] claim that she was the second woman elected to the General Assembly, she was in fact the fifth.[7] Upon leaving office she joined the Virginia Department of Education. There she spent thirteen years, rising from assistant supervisor to supervisor of elementary education, in which role she spearheaded the establishment of nurseries in public schools to support women working in war plants during World War II. She later became executive secretary of the International Division of the Girl Scouts of the USA.[2] She was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and was appointed by the governor of Virginia to work with the National Advisory Council on Illiteracy.[citation needed]
